Manual on Flood (Myanmar)_2.pdf

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tce;(2)

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a&vTrf;rd;k jcif;owday;csufxw k jf yefygu...................................................................................40

4-2

a&vTrf;rdk;pOftawmtwGif;.......................................................................................................40

4-3

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4-4

a&vTrf;NyD;aemuf........................................................................................................................43

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2

&Sdygonf/ þodkUaom a&vTrf;rdk;rIrsm;rSm wjznf;jznf;a&wufaom a&vTrf;rkd;rIrsm;xuf MudKwifwm;qD;Edik cf sdef avsmhenf;wwfjcif;aMumifh ydí k tEÅ&m,f&EdS ikd Nf yD; toufq;Hk ½I;H rI? ypönf;OpömqkH;½IH;rI tEÅ&m,fydkrdkBuD;rm;ygonf/ vQyfwpfjyufa&BuD;jcif; - vQyfwpfjyufa&vTrf;rdk;jcif;rsm;rSm tcsdefumvtm;jzifh wdak wmif;ygonf/ tvGefonf;xefpGm rdk;&GmoGe;f jcif;? qdkifuvkef;rkew f dkif; 0ifa&mufjcif; wdkUaMumifjh zpfavh&dSygonf/ ,if;a&vTr;f rd;k rIrsm;\xl;jcm;csufrmS a&rsm; tvsiftjref jrifw h ufvmNyD;aemuf rd;k &Gmjcif;&yfomG ;NyD;aomtcgwGif tvsiftjref jyefvnfusqif; oGm;jcif;jzpfwwfyf gonf/ a&pD;qif;rI tvsifEIe;f jrifrh m;avh&dSygonf/ ab;uif;&modUk tcsderf aD jymif;a&TUEdik af &; owday;csufrsm;xkwjf yef&ef rjzpfEikd b f &J w dS wfygonf/ þodUk aom a&vTrf;rdk;rIrsKd;rSm touftEÅ&m,fqHk;½IH;rItrsm;qkH;jzpfNyD; ydkifqdkifypönf;qkH;½IH;rI rsm;ESifh vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m tcuftcJrsm;jzpfEkdifygonf/ urf ;½k d ; wef ; a&vT r f ;rd k ;rI r sm; urf;½kd;wef;wGifavrsm;jyif;xefpGmwdkufcwfNyD;aemuf yifv,f? ork'´&m? yifv,f atmfrsm;rS a&rsm;ukef;ajray:odkU 0ifa&mufvmaomtcgwGif urf;½d;k wef; a&vTr;f rd;k rI jzpfymG ;ygonf/ qlemrDa&vdiI ;f ? 'Da&vdIif;rsm;ESifh rkefwdik f;'Da&vdIif;rsm;aMumifh urf;½dk;wef; wpfavQmuf ae&mus,fus,fjyefYjyefYü a&vTrf;rdk;rIukdjzpfay:apEdik fygonf/ Nrd KUjya&vT r f ;rd k ; rI þa&vTrf;rdk;rItrsKd;tpm;onf NrdKUjya'orsm;wGif a&xkwfayguf? a&xkwfajrmif; rsm; pepfwusr&Sdjcif;aMumifh jzpfyGm;Edkifygonf/ 1-4 a&vT rf ;rdk ;rIa Mumifh xd cd kufqHk ;&HI ;rIr sm; ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;xdcdkufysufpD;rI - a&wdu k fpm;rIaMumifh taqmufttkrH sm; xdcdu k f ysufpD;jcif; (odkUr[kwf) NydKusjcif;? a&pdrfh0ifjcif;aMumifh ajrNydKjcif;rsm;jzpfygonf/ urf;½d;k wef;e,fajra'orsm;wGif avSrsm;ESihf ig;zrf;ud&, d mrsm; qkH;½I;H jcif; (okUd r[kw)f xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;rsm; jzpfEdkifygonf/ toufqkH;&HI;rIrsm;ESifhjynfoYlusef;rma&;xdcdkufjcif; - vlESifh arG;jrLa&;wd&pämef rsm;a&epfaoqk;H jcif;? jyif;xefpGmxdckduf'Pf&m&&Sjd cif;rsm; jzpfEdik yf gonf/ uyfa&m*grsm;? 0rf;a&m*g? Adkif;&yfpfaMumifhjzpfaoma&m*grsm;;?iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh tjcm;a&ESifhywfoufaom a&m*grsm;jzpfyGm;Edkifygonf/ a&ay;a0rI - a&rsm; (a&wGif;? ajratmufa&? ydkufjzifyh dUk aoma&) npfnrf;apEdik f ygonf/ oefU&Sif;aoma&r&&Sdjcif; jzpfEdkifygonf/

3

@DMH

a&vTr;f rd;k rIaMumif&h efuke-f rEÅav;vrf;rBuD;vrf;ydik ;f wpfcyk sufp;D aeyHk

oD;ESHrsm;ESifhpm;eyf&du©mrsm; - oD;ESrH sm;tm;vkH;qkH;½I;H jcif;? a&pdjk cif;aMumifh oD;ESrH sm; ysufpD;jcif;? wd&pämeftpmrsm;qk;H ½I;H jcif;wdkUaMumifh ½kwcf snf;pm;eyf&u d m© rvkHavmufrI jzpfyGm;Edik yf gonf/ oD;ESrH sm;odak vSmifxm;&So d nfh taqmufttHkrsm;ESihf *dak 'gifrsm;a&epf jrKyfjcif;aMumifh ½kwfw&ufpm;eyf&du©m&Sm;yg;rIjzpfEdkifygonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rIrsm;onf ajrqDvTmoGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udkvnf; xdcdkufapEdik fygonf/ ajrqDvTmwdu k pf m;oGm;jcif;aMumifh ajrrSm ajrMoZmraumif;awmhjcif; (odkUr[kw)f e,fajra'owpfcktwGi;f yifv,fa&0ifa&mufcJhygu qm;aygufjcif;rsm; jzpfEdik fygonf/ 1-5 tm&S wd k uf twG i f ;tysuf tpD ;rsm;aoma&vT r f ;rd k ;rI r sm; x 1887ckESpw f Gif w½kwEf ikd fiüH a&vTr;f rd;k rIjzpfyGm;&m vlaygif;(3)oef; toufqkH;½I;H ch&J

ygonf/ x 1935ckESpfwGif ,efpjD rpfa&vTr;f rdk;&m aoqk;H ol (145000)&SdchJygonf/ x 1971ckESpfu AD,uferfEdkifiH [EdGKif;wGif a&vTrf;rdk;chJ&m vlaygif;(1)odef; toufqkH;½IH;

chJygonf/ x 1975ckEp S fwGif w½kwEf dkiif H yefacsmif a&umwmusKd;aygufc&Jh m vlaygif; 232000OD;

toufqkH;½IH;chJ&ygonf/ x 1991ckEp S u f w½kwEf ikd if w H iG f jrpf0gjrpfa&vTr;f rd;k ch&J m vlaygif; (2)oef;eD;yg;touf

qkH;½IH;chJ&ygonf/

4

x 1998ckESpfwGif ,efpDjrpfa&vTrf;rdk;rIaMumifh vlaygif; 14oef; tdk;rJhtdrfrJh jzpfcJhygonf/ x 1998ckEp S fwGif b*Fvm;a'h½Süf a&vTrf;rdk;rIaMumifh a&ab;oifhol trsm;tjym;½SdcJh

ygonf/ x 2007ckESpf Zefe0g&DvwGif *sumwmü a&vTrf;rdk;cJh&m vlaygif; 80 toufqHk;½HI;cJh

&ygonf/ x 2006ckESp?f 'DZifbmvESif2h 007ckEp S f Zefe0g&DvwGif rav;½Sm;uRe;f qG,f? qmbm;ESihf

qlrwfMwm;wdkUü a&vTrf;rdk;&m ESpfaygif; 100 twGif; tqdk;0g;qHk;[k,lqMuyg onf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rItjyif;xefqHk;tcsdefü a&ab;tqdk;0g;qHk;cHpm;&aom *sdK[dk;jynfe,f wGif vlaygif; 1 odef;ausmfudk ab;uif;&modkUajymif;a½TUay;cJh&ygonf/ x 2006ckEp S f arvwGif awmifud&k D;,m;ü tqdk;0g;qHk; a&vTr;f rdk;rIwpf&yf jzpfymG ;cJh

ygonf/ x 2005ckESp?f Zlvi kd v f wGif tdE´, d Edik if ?H rGeb f dik f;(bHak b) ü a&vTrf;rdk;jcif;aMumifhaoqH;k

ol 700 ausmfcJyh gonf/ tcsdKUe,fajra'orsm;rSm 5 rDwmrQ a&vTrf;rd;k cJhygonf/

@DMH

2006 ckEpS ?f jrpfi,ffa&vTr;f rd;k rI

5

@DMH

tce ; 2 jrermEiiwijzpym;aoma&vr;r;rrsm; 2-1 jrefr mEdk i fi H \ajrrsuf E S moG if j yif jrefrmEdkifiH\ajrrsufESmoGifjyifrSm taemufbuf? ajrmufbufESifh ta&SUbuf wGif awmifxx l yfaome,fajra'orsm;? tv,fyikd ;f a'owGif rd;k enf;&yf0ef;? taemuf ydki;f wGif urf;½k;d wef;e,fajra'oESifh awmifydkif;jrpf0uRef;ay:wGif a&vTrf;rdk;aom e,fajra'orsm; trsKd;rsKd;&Syd gonf/ awmifwef;rsm;rSm a,bk,stm;jzifh ajrmufbufrS awmifbufodkU wnf&SdaeaomaMumifh jrpfBuD;rsm;rSmvnf; ajrmufbufrSawmifbufodkU pD;qif;Muygonf/ jrefrmEdkiif HtwGi;f jzwfoef;pD;qif;aom t"dujrpfBuD; 4 oG,f &Sdygonf/ {&m0wD? oHviG f? csif;wGif;ESifh ppfawmif;jrpfwdkUjzpfygonf/ {&m0wDjrpfonf 1550uDvkdrw D m (960rdkif) &Snfvsm;NyD; ajrmufraS wmifokdY jzwfoef;pD;qif;ygonf/ {&m0wDjrpfwpfavQmuf a&qif;{&d,mrSm pwk&ef; uDvrkd w D m 411ç000(pwk&ef;rdik 1f 58ç700)&Syd gonf/ {&m0wDjrpfonf jrefrmEkid if t H wGif;ajrmufrf S awmifoUkd jzwfoef;pD;qif;ygonf/ uyÜvDyifv,ftwGi;f odkU jrpf? acsmif;rsm;pGmcGjJ zmí pD;0ifygonf/ {&m0wDjrpf0uRef;ay:a'oonf taemufbufwGif edrhfaomawmifrsm; &SdonfrSvGJí ajrnDajrjyefYviG fjyifjzpfygonf/ ,if;taemufbufawmifukef;rsm;rSm &cdik &f d;k rawmifwef;\tqufjzpfygonf/ csi;f wGi;f jrpfonf {&m0wDjrpf\tBuD;rm;qk;H jrpfvufwufjzpfygonf/ ajrmufbufrSawmifbufodkU 840uDvdkrDwm pD;qif;NyD;aemuf rEÅav;NrdKUteD;wGif {&m0wDjrpftwGi;f odUk pD;0ifygonf/ ppfawmif;jrpfonf jrefrmEdik if H tv,fydik ;f a'o\ ta&SUbufwGif pD;qif;ygonf/ &Sr;f ukef;jyifjrift h qk;H &rnf;oif;NrdKU ta&SUajrmufbufwGijf rpfzsm;cHvsuf awmifbufokdU 420uDvdrk w D m (rdik af ygif; 160) pD;qif;NyD; uyÜvyD ifv,f? rkwrå yifv,fauGUtwGif;odkU pD;0ifygonf/ &Snv f sm;aom ppfawmif;jrpf0rS f;onf taemufbufwiG f yJc;l ½k;d rESihf ta&SUbufwiG f rwfapmufaom &Srf;ukef;jyifjrifw h Ukd tMum;wGiw f nf&Sdygonf/ oHvGifjrpfonf wdAufwGijf rpfzsm;cHNyD; ,leefukd jzwfoef;vsuf jrefrmEdik if H? xkid ;f Edik if w H Ukd udk jzwfoef;pD;qif;NyD; armfvNrdKifNrdKU teD;wGif uyÜvDyifv,ftwGif;okdU pD;0ifygonf/ t"dujrpfrsm;tjyif jrefrmEdkifit H &yfa'otEHSYtjym;ü jrpfrsm;? acsmif;rsm;? prf;acsmif;rsm; trsm;tjym;pD;qif;vsuf&ydS gonf/ xdUk aMumifh jrefrmEdik if \ H ajrrsufEmS oGifjyifrmS awmifrsm;? ukef;jyifjrifrh sm;? ½Iyaf xG;aomjrpfpepfrsm;? us,fjyefUaomjrpf0rS ;f

6

a'orsm;? ajredrfha'orsm;ESifh jrpf0uRef;ay:a'owdkYyg0ifygonf/ rkwfoHk&moDwGif ajrmufydkif;a'orsm;ü rdk;trsm;tjym; &GmoGef;aomtcgwGif jrpfrsm;onf a&jynfhvQHvsuf pd;k &draf &rSwfukd ausmfveG u f m wpfcgwpf&H jrpfwpfavQmuf&dS NrdKU&Gmrsm;wGif a&vTr;f rd;k rI ab;tEÅ&m,fudkjzpfapygonf/ 2-2 jref rmEd kifiH twGif ;a&vT rf;rdk;rI jzpf yGm;onfhtcsdef umvES ifh a&vTr f;rdk ;rI jzpf y G m ;Ed k i f a ome,f a jra'orsm; a&vTrf;rdk;rIonfjrefrmEdkifiHwGif t"duab;&efrsm;teufwpfck jzpfygonf/ rD;ab;NyD;vQif 'kw, d tjzpftrsm;qHk;jzpfNyD;ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;tm;vk;H \ 11%jzpfygonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rIonf rdk;&moDwGif trsm;qH;k jzpfymG ;avh½Sdygonf/ omreftm;jzifh jrefrmEdkifiHwGif arvv,frSatmufwdkbmvtwGif; rdk;&GmoGef;avh&Sdygonf/ ZGefv? Zlvdkifv? Mo*kwfv? pufwifbmvaESmif;ydkif;rS atmufwdkbmvtxdumvtwGif; a&vTrf;rdk;rItEÅ&m,fMuHK&wwfygonf/ Mo*kwfvrkwfokHrdk;trsm;qkH;&GmoGef;csdefwGif a&vTrf;rdk;rnfhtEÅ&m,ftrsm;qkH;jzpfygonf/ a,bk,stm;jzifh jrefrmEdkiif H\atmufyga'otoD;oD;wGif a&vTr;f rd;k rItEÅ&m,f trsdK;rsdK;jzpfyGm;avh&Sdygonf/

ajrmufy d ki f;ES i fh tv,f yd k if ;a'o&Sd jrpf BuD;rsm;twG if ;od kU a&pD ;0if aom a&a0a&vJa'orsm;ü jrpfa&BuD;rIjzpfymG ;avh&dSygonf/ {&m0wDjrpf0Sr;f ESifh 4if;jrpf twGif;odkY a&pD;0ifaome,fajra'oonfcsif;jynfe,f? ucsifjynfe,f? &Srf;jynfe,fESifh rEÅav;wdik ;f ? rauG;wdik ;f ? yJc;l wdik ;f ? {&m0wDwikd ;f wpf0rS ;f yg0ifojzifh Edik if H\ 60%rQ &Syd gonf/xdYk aMumifh a&vTr;f rd;k rIrsm;onf e,fajra'otESUH tjym;wGijf zpfymG ;Edik yf gonf/ jrpf0uRef;ay:awmifydkif;wGif 'Da&wufcsdefESifh jrpfa&pD;qif;rI jrifrh m;csdefwkdY wdu k fqkdiaf omtcgü jrpfa&BuD;rIjzpfymG ;ygonf/ 4if;e,fajrrsm;wGif ajrom;wrHrsm;zdkUí a&vTr;f rd;k rIrSumuG,fwm;qD;aomfvnf;wpfcgwpf&H wmwrHrsm;tay:odkU a&ausmfojzifh toufqkH;½IH;rI? ypönf;OpömysufpD;rIrsm; jzpfyGm;avh&Sdygonf/ ucsif j ynf e ,f ? &S r f ;jynf e ,f ? rG e f j ynf e ,f E S i f h csif ;jynf e ,f r sm;&S d awmif w ef ; a'orsm; wG i f vQyf w pf j yuf a &BuD ; rI jzpf y G m ;wwf y gonf / ucsif j ynf e ,f wG i f {&m0wD j rpf qk H ü uk e f ; jrifh y d k i f ;rS E S i f ;rsm;t&nfa ysmf ojzif h aEG&moDtpydik f;wGif rMumcP vQyfwpfjyufa&vTrf;rd;k rIrsm; jzpfyGm;wwfygonf/ &cdk if jynf e,f urf;½d k;wef;a'owpfavQmufwGif qdkifuvkef;rkefwdkif;\ aemufqufwGJab;&efjzpfaom a&vTrf;rdk;rIrsm; jzpfyGm;wwfygonf/

7

ajryHk 2-1/ jrefrmEdik fiw H iG f a&vTr;f rd;k rI jzpfymG ;Edik faomae&ma'ojyajryHk

Source: Power-point presentation by the Health Care Service Committee at“National workshop on Communicating Risks”, Yangon, Myanmar, 30-31 May 2006

8

2-3 jref r mEd k if i H wG i f a&vTr f ;rd k ;rI j zpf & jcif ;taMumif ;&if ;rsm; - jrefrmEdik fiHwiG f tjzpftrsm;qk;H a&vTrf;rdk;rIrSm jrpfa&BuD;jcif; jzpfygonf/ rkwfokH\a,bk,szGJYpnf;rIonf rkwfokHavzdtm;enf;&yf0ef;rsm;ESifh aygif;pyfrdaomtcg rd;k onf;xefpmG &GmoGef;aomaMumifh jrpftwGif;odkUa&pD;0ifonfh tcsuftjcmusaom e,fajrrsm;wGif a&vTrf;rdk;rIrsm; jzpfay:ygonf/

jr p fa&Bu D ; jc i f;

{&m0wDjrpf ESifh csif;wGif;jrpf wdkUjrpfzsm;cH&m jrefrmEdkiif Hajrmufykdif;wGif 3 &ufESifh txuf rdk;onf;xefpmG qufwkdu&f GmoGef;ygu 4if;jrpfrsm;wGif a&vTr;f rdk;rI jzpfay: ygonf/ {&m0wDjrpfatmufbufykdif;ESifh jrpf0uRef;ay:a'owdkYwGif jzpfay:aom a&vTr;f rd;k rItrsm;pkrmS csif;wGi;f jrpfa&vTr;f rd;k rIEiS fh {&m0wDjrpftxufyikd ;f a&vTr;f rdk;rIwYdk wdkufqdkifaomtcgwGif jzpfay:ygonf/

@DMH

@DMH

2004 ckEpS ?f jrpfBuD;em;a&vTr;f rd;k rI

ppfawmif;jrpf ESifh oHvGifjrpf wdkUwGif jrefrmEdik if \ H ta&SUbufrt S aemufbufoYdk jzwfía&GUvsm;aomavzdtm;enf;&yf0ef;rsm; (awmifw½kwyf ifv,frw S ikd zf eG ;f rkew f ikd ;f rsm; ESifh tylydkif;rkefwdkif; t
1974 ckESpf? jynfjrdKYa&vTrf;rdk;rI

urf;½dk;wef;a'oa&vTrf;rdk;rIrsm; - b*Fvm;yifv,fatmf&dS tylyikd ;f rkew f ikd ;f rsm;aMumifh rkefwdkif;'Da&wufjcif;rsm;jzpfyGm;NyD; rkwfokHrwdkifrDESifh rkwfokHvGefNyD;tcsdefrsm;wGif &cdik furf;½dk;wef;wpfavQmufü a&vTrf;rdk;rIrsm;jzpfyGm;ygonf/

9

NrdKUjya&vTrf;rdk;rIESifha'ovdkufa&vTrf;rdk;rI - NrdKUBuD;rsm;ESifhNrdKUi,frsm;wGif a'otvdkuf a&vTrf;rdk;rIrsm; &Hzef&HcgjzpfyGm;wwfygonf/ wdrftrsm;tjym;jzpfxGef;jcif;? ajrvTm twGif; a&rsm;jynf0h aejcif;? a&pdr0hf ifrIEIe;f tm;enf;jcif;? tajccHtaqmuftOD aqmuf vkyfrItm;enf;jcif; (odkUr[kwf) rvkHavmufjcif;(Oyrm a&ajrmif;rsm;ydwfqdkUaejcif;) ponfwdkU aygif;pyfíjzpfay:ygonf/ aus;vufa'orsm;wGif a&'PfcHEdkifatmif aqmufvkyx f m;aom a&umwmrsm;? wrHrsm;ESihfwmrsm;usKd;aygufjcif;aMumifh wefz;kd &Sd aom v,f,majrrsm;ysufpD;&ygonf/

@UN-Habitat

2008 ckESpf?em*pfrkefwdkif;wdkufcwfjyD;aemuf&efukefjrdKYwGifa&vTrf;rdk;rI

vQyfwpfjyufa&vTrf;rdk;jcif; - jrpfBuD;rsm;ESihfjrpfvwfrsm;wGifvQyfwpfjyufa&vTrf;rdk; jcif;rsm; rMumcPjzpfymG ;ygonf/ jrpf\jrpfzsm;cH&ma'owGif wpf&ufrS okH;&uftxd rd;k onf;xefpmG &GmoGe;f jcif;aMumifh jzpfymG ;&ygonf/ tv,fyikd f;a'oESihf Edik if aH wmifyikd ;f jrpf0uRef;ay:a'owdkUwGifjrpfurf;yg;NydKrIrsm; rMumcPBuHKawGU&ygonf/

@DMH

a½Tpufawmfbk&m;a&vTr;f rd;k rI (1987ckEpS f {NyDv 12 &uf)

10

2-4 jrefrmEdkif iHwGifjzpfyGm;cJha oma&vTrf; rdk;rIBuD ;rsm; (1) jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;a&vTrf;rdk;rIrSwfwrf;(1966ckESpfaemufydkif;)

Source: rd;k av0oESiZ hf vaA'nTeMf um;rIO;D pD;Xme

11

(2) jrefrmEdkifiHwGifa&vTrf;rdk;rIaMumifhysufpD;qkH;½IH;rIrsm; (1997ckESpf rS 2007ckESpftxd)

12

Source: Hazard Profile of Myanmar

13

tce ; 3 a&vr;r;rab;tE&m, avsmyg;apa&;Ei BuKwijyiqia&;tptrrsm; vGefchJaomq,fpEk Spf(2)cktwGif;wGif jrefrmEdkifiHü rkwfoHk&moDrSm wdkawmif; vmaomfvnf; rkwfoHkavydrk kdtm;aumif;vmum rd;k &GmoGe;f rIyrkd o kd nf;xefvmaMumif; awGU&Sd&ygonf/ Oyrm - 2008 ckESpfwGif ucsifjynfe,f? ppfudkif;wdkif;txufydkif;? rGefjynfe,f? &efukefwdkif;? {&m0wDwdkif;? u,m;jynfe,f? u&ifjynfe,f? weoFm&D wdkif;? yJcl;wdkif;ESifh&cdkifjynfe,fwdkUwGif ESpfpOfrdk;&GmoGef;rIrSm ykHrSef&GmoGef;onfhyrmP xuf odoo d momydkrdck Jhygonf/ ab;tEÅ&m,faMumifhxdcdu k cf &H Edik rf aI vsmhyg;apa&;ESifh BudKwifjyifqifa&;tpDtrHrsm;udk xda&mufpGmaqmif&Gufjcif;rjyKEdkifygu a&vTrf;rdk;rI rsm;aMumifh toufqk;H ½I;H rI? ydik q f kdifypönf;qkH;½IH;rI? ta&;ygaom tajccHtaqmuftOD ysupf ;D rI? oD;ESEH Sifah rG;jrLa&;wd&pämefrsm; xdcdu k fysufpD;rIwdUk tygt0ifqkd;usKd;rsm;jzpfay:NyD; Edik if w H pfEikd if v H ;Hk twGuf pD;yGm;a&;ESihf vlraI &;qk;H ½I;H rIrsm; ay:aygufvmrnfjzpfygonf/ yHk 3-1/ jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;ESpftvdkufjzpfay:aom taemufawmifrkwo f k&H moDumv (1956 rS 2000 jynfEh Spf) 1971 (179 &uf)

tcsdefumv

yHrk eS =f 144&uf

1997(103 &uf) wdak wmif;vmonf ESprf sm; Source: rd;k av0oESiZ hf vaA'nTeMf um;rIO;D pD;Xme

14

3-1 a&vT r f ;rd k ; rI a b;'Pf e nf ; yg;ouf omapjcif ; a&vTrf;rdk;rIab;'Pfenf;yg;oufomapjcif;qdkonfrSm a&vTrf;rdk;rIaMumifh xdcdu k fcH&Edik frIukd avsmhyg;ap&eftwGuf aqmif&GufEdkifaom umv&Snt f pDtrHrsm;udk qdkvykd gonf/,if;tpDtrHrsm;wGif aqmufvkyrf q I ikd f&mtpDtrHrsm;ESihf aqmufvyk frEI Sihf roufqkdiaf omtpDtrHrsm; yg0ifygonf/ aqmufvkyrf q I ikd &f mtpDtrHrsm; qdo k nfrmS wmwrHrsm;? a&umwmrsm;? qnfrsm;? qnfajrmif;pepfrsm;? ajrjrifhwGif NrdKU&Gmrsm; tajccsjcif;? tdrfaqmufvkyfryI kpH Hrsm;ponfjzifh aqmufvyk fa&;ESihf pDrHcefUcGrJ Iupd &ö yf rsm;udkqdkvkdygonf/ aqmufvkyfrIESifhroufqdkifaomtpDtrHrsm;wGif avhusifh oifwef;ay;jcif;? tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;? em;vnfrIjr§ifhwifjcif;? pdkufysKd;xkwfvkyfrI yko H P²²mefrsm;ajymif;vJjcif;? a&vTrf;rd;k rIudck HEikd &f nf&Sad om oD;ESrH sm;pdkuyf sKd;jcif; ponfwdUk yg0ifygonf/ ,if;tpDtrHrsm;wGif &yf&Gm\yg0ifaqmif&GufrIomru tpdk;&rSom aqmif&u G Ef dkifaomvkyfief;rsm;vnf;yg0ifygonf/ tcsKdUaomtpDtrHrsm; txl;ojzifh Oya'jyKjcif;ESifh rl0g'udpö&yfrsm;rSm &yf&Gmuaqmif&Gufí r&EdkifbJ tpdk;&rSpwif aqmif&Guf&efESifhwGef;tm;ay;aqmif&Guf&efwdkUvdktyfygonf/ 3-1-1 aqmuf v k y f r I qd k i f & ma&vT r f ;rd k ; rI e nf ;yg;ouf omapa&;tpD t rH r sm; aqmufvyk rf q I ikd &f m a&vTr;f rd;k rIab;'Pfenf;yg;oufomapa&;tpDtrHrsm;wGif atmufazmfjyygvkyfief;rsm; yg0ifygonf/ (u) a&vTr f ;rd k;rI r SumuG ,fj cif ; a&vTr;f rd;k rIumuG,jf cif;qdo k nfrmS owfrw S x f m;aome,fajra'owpfct k wGi;f odkU a&vTrf;rdk;rIjzpfay:aprnfh a&tcsdKU(odkUr[kwf) tm;vkH;udk r0ifa&mufEdkifap&ef wm;qD;Edik frnfh taqmufttkHaqmufvkyfjcif;qdkif&m vkyfief;BuD;rsm;udk umv&Snf pDraH qmif&u G jf cif;? jznfq h nf;ay;jcif;jzpfygonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rIrS umuG,fjcif;qdkonfrSm a&vTrf;rdk;rIrStjynfht0umuG,fEkdifrnf[kwpfxpfcsrqdkvdkbJa&vTrf;rdk;rIrS xdef;csKyf Edkifjcif;ESifha&rsm;oG,fxkwfjcif;wdkUtwGufjznfhqnf;aqmif&Gufjcif;[kqkdvdjk cif;jzpfyg onf/ a&vTrf;rk;d rIrSumuG,fjcif;tpDtrHrsm;wGifwmwrHrsm;udkydrk dBk uHhckdiaf pjcif;? wrH aqmufvkyjf cif;ESihftm;jznfjh cif;? a&oG,fxkwfonfah jrmif;rsm;twGi;f a&pD;qif;rI wd;k wuf aumif;rGefap&eftwGufa&vTJvrf;aMumif;rsm;aqmufvkyfjcif;wdkUyg0ifygonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rI rS umuG,jf cif;tpDtrHwiG f txl;ta&;ygaom tpdwt f ydik f;wpf&yfrSm aqmufvyk Nf yD; taqmufttkHrsm; pOfqufrjywfvyk if ef;vnfywfaqmif&u G fa&; vkyaf qmif&efESijhf yKjyif xdef;odrf;&efjzpfygonf/

15

(c) a&vT r f;rd k;rI avQmhc sjcif ; a&vTrf;rdk;rIavQmhcsjcif;qdkonfrSm opfawmjyefvnfpdkufysKd;jcif;uhJodkUaom aqmif&Gurf IrsKd;jzifh a&pD;qif;rIyrmPudkavsmhenf;usqif;apjcif;(tcsKdUaome,fajr a'orsm;wGif a&pdrfh0ifrIwdk;wufrsm;jym;apjcif;aMumifh a&vTrf;rdk;rI enf;yg;oufom aponfhenf;vrf;wpf&yfjzpfygonf)? opfyifrsm;aygufa&mufrIudk xdef;odrf;umuG,f ay;jcif;? acsmif;rsm;ESihftjcm;a&0yfEikd o f nfah e&mrsm;rS trIdufo½dkufrsm;udk &Si;f vif;jcif;? a&uefBuD;? a&uefi,frsm;udk xde;f odrf;apmifha&Smufjcif;ponfwkdUjzpfygonf/

@UN-Habitat

a&vTr;f rd;k rIavsmhenf;ap&ef &yf&Gmvlxt k m;jzifah &ajrmif;rsm;q,f,&l iS ;f vif;aeyHk

(*) a&vTr f ;rd k;rIud k vrf ;vT Ja y;jcif ; a&vTrf;rkd;rIukdvrf;vTJay;&mwGiw f rHrsm;? wmrsm;? a&umwmrsm;ESifha&pD;vrf; aMumif;wdk;wufaumif;rGefapjcif;wdkYyg0ifygonf/ jrpfrsm;wpfavQmuf wmwrHrsm; wnfaqmufjcif;? urf;½dk;wef;wpfavQmufyifv,feH&Hrsm;wnfaqmufjcif;wdkUjzifh vGifjyif rsm;odkUa&r0ifap&ef xdef;odrf;xm;&SdEdkifygonf/ qnfrsm;onf a&udkxdef;odrf;xm;EdkifNyD; a&udkvkdtyfovdkvw T af y;Edkiyf gonf/ ivsifvyI fjcif;aMumifhwrHusKd;jcif;ESifh wrHrsm;rS a&vTwaf y;onfhvkyfief;ysuf,Gi;f oGm;jcif;wdkUaMumifh ajredrhfa'orsm;wGif a&vTrf;rdk;rI jzpfyGm;Edkifygonf/

16

(C) a&vT rf ;rd k;rIc HE d ki f& nf& S da tmifa qmif& Guf jcif ; a&vTrf;rd;k rIcEH kdi&f nf&dSatmif aqmif&u G jf cif;jzifh xdckdufysupf ;D Edkifajcudk avsmhenf; apygonf/ a&vTr;f rd;k rIcHEdkif&nf&Sad prnft h pDtrHrsm;udk ausmif;rsm;? aq;½krH sm;ESifh usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrIXmersm;? bmoma&;qdkif&mtaqmufttHkrsm;? vlyk*d¾Kvf wpfO;D csif;\aetdrrf sm;twGuf tok;H csEdik yf gonf/ ,if;wdUk udk a&vTr;f rd;k csdew f iG , f m,D ckdvIH&mae&mrsm;tjzpf tokH;jyKjcif;aMumifhjzpfygonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rIcHEdkif&nf&Sda&;tpDtrHrsm; wGiftpd;k &rSaqmif&Guaf y;rIukdapmifhqkdif;raebJ ydik f&Siw f pfOD;csif;rSvnf; wm0ef,l aqmif&GufEdkifygonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rIcHEdkif&nf&Sdatmifaqmif&Guf&mwGift"duenf;vrf; 3 &yfjzifh aqmif&Guf Edkifygonf/ x tNrJwrf;tpDtrHrsm;onf ¤if;wdUk udkyHkpHxkwfwnfaqmufxm;onft h wdik ;f a&vTrf;rd;k rI

rS umvMum&Snpf GmumuG,af y;Edkiyf gonf/ ¤if;wdYk onf a&BuD;rnfo h wday;csuf (odkUr[kwf) rd;k BuD;rnfo h wday;csufwdYk tay: rSw D nfaejcif;r[kwfyg/ x tajctaet&aqmif&u G f&aomtpDtrHrsm;rSm owday;csuf(odUk r[kw)f cefUrSe;f csuf

vufcH&&SNd yD;aemuf tpDtrHrsm;udk vkyfaqmifjcif;r&Sdygu xda&mufrnf r[kwaf om tpDtrHrsm;jzpfygonf/ x ta&;ay:tpDtrHrsm;rSm trSefwu,fa&vTrf;rdk;pOf ta&;ay:vkyfaqmifaom

tpDtrHrsm;(odkUr[kwf) BudKwifía&;qGJxm;aom ta&;ay:vkyif ef;tpDtpOfESit hf nD vkyfaqmifaomtpDtrHrsm;jzpfygonf/ &yf&mG tqifw h iG f taqmufttkrH sm; (odUk r[kw)f aetdrrf sm;twGuf a&vTr;f rd;k rI cHEdik f&nf&dSap&efvkyfaqmifonfeh nf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;&Syd gonf/ atmufwGif tusOf;csKyf azmfjyxm;ygonf/

1/ taqmufttkHrsm;udkjr§ifhíaqmufvkyfjcif; þenf;jzifx h cd u kd yf sufp;D Edik af om taqmufttkt H pdwftydik ;f rsm;odUk a&ra&muf &Sad p&efaqmif&u G Ef ikd yf gonf/ taqmufttk(H odUk r[kw)f tdrw f pfv;Hk csif;udk ajrzdUk íjr§ihf wifaqmufvkyfjcif;? wdkifrsm;xlí pile wdkifrsm;pdkuí f (odkUr[kwf) eH&Hrsm;wnf aqmufí¤if;wdkUtay:wGif aqmufEdkifygonf/ taqmufttHk\tjrifhrSm a&vTrf;rdk;onfh tjrifu h v kd w G &f ef vkHavmufr&I &dS ygrnf/ odUk jzifh a&vTr;f rd;k aomtcgwGif taqmufttkH atmufrS a&rsm;pD;oGm;NyD; xdcdkufysufpD;rItenf;i,f(odkUr[kwf) vkH;0rjzpfEdkifyg/

17

taqmufttHkrsm; edrfu h soGm;jcif; (odUk r[kwf) apmif;oGm;jcif;rsm; rjzpfap&eftwGuf tkwfjrpfykHpHpepfwusxkwfí wnfaqmufrIukd txl;tm½kHp;l pdkuf&ef vdt k yfygonf/

@UNDP

a&vTrf;rdk;csdefwGif &yf&GmvlxkcdkvIHEdkif&ef a&vGwf&mtjrifhwGif aqmufvyk x f m;aombke;f awmfMuD;ausmif;

2/ taqmufttHkEiS fha&BuD;rIMum;wGif twm;tqD;rsm;wnfaqmufjcif; tdrNf cHajr?taqmufttkHtwGif;odkU a&rsm;r0ifa&mufap&ef wm;qD;umuG,o f nfh oif h wif ha vsmufy wfa om tpD trH r sm;aqmif & G uf j cif ;jzif h a&vT r f;rdk ;rI a Mumif h xdckduyf sufpD;Edik frt I csKdUudk enf;yg;Edik o f rQenf;yg;atmifaqmif&u G fEkdiyf gonf/ twm; tqD;rsm; (wrHrsm;? tm;jznfx h m;aoma&vTr;f rdk;rIwm;qD;onfheH&Hrsm;)udk taqmufttkH ywfvnfwGifwnfaqmufEdkifygonf(odkUr[kwf) taqmufttkH\ a&vTrf;rdk;vmEdkifonfh tydkif;wGiw f nfaqmufEdik yf gonf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rIaMumift h aqmufttkHudk xdcdu k yf sufpD;jcif; rS umuG,f&efjzpfygonf/ twm;tqD;rsm;udk ajrom;? uGefu&pf? bdvyfajr (odkUr[kwf) oHrPdjzifhjyKvkyfEdkifygonf/ a&,kdpdrfhjcif;r&Sdap&eftwGuf *½kpdkufaqmif&Guf &ygrnf/ þenf;vrf;udk tokH;jyK&mwGif a&vTr;f rd;k rIESifrh vGwfaom ae&mrsm;tm;vkH;udk a&,dkprd rhf rI &Sad p&efa&vkHap&ygonf/ eH&rH sm;tm;a&pdkcyH pön;f (odkUr[kwf) yvyfpwpf pjzifh tkyNf yD;wHcg;rsm;? jywif;aygufrsm;? rdv’mydu k v f dik f;rsm;? av0ifaygufrsm;uhJodUk aom taygufrsm;tm;vk;H udk ,m,Dtm;jzifh oJtdwfrsm; (odUk r[kwf) z,f&Sm;Edkiaf omtumrsm; (odUk r[kw)f w½kwu f yfrsm;jzifh ydwfxm;&ygonf/ taqmufttkt H wGi;f odUk jrifw h uf

18

vmaoma&rsm; r0ifEkid fap&efjzpfygonf/ xdo k dUk aomumuG,af pmifah &SmufrI enf;vrf;udk tokH;jyKygu a&rsm;udt k aqmufttHrk aS 0;&modkY pkyx f w k f&efvaHk vmufaom a&pkyfxkwfrI tpDtpOfwpf&yfudv k nf; wpfygwnf; jyKvkyfxm;&ygrnf/

3/ ajcmufaoGUa&vTrf;rdk;rIumuG,fjcif; (odkUr[kwf) tvkHydwfjcif; þenf;vrf;wGiftaqmufttHkeH&Hrsm;ESifh Murf;jyifwdkUudk a&r,dkpdrfhbJ a&vkHap&ef aqmif&u G jf cif;jzpfygonf/ þenf;vrf;wGit f aqmufttkrH sm;twGi;f a&vk;H 0r0ifEkdif ap&eftvkyH w d f&rnfjzpfjcif;aMumifha&vTrf;rdk;rIwdraf ome,fajra'orsm;wGio f m tok;H jyK Edik fygonf/ qdv k dkonfrSma&vTrf;rd;k &mwGifa&rsufESmjyif 1 rDwmxufrydak om e,fajr a'orsm;ESifh a&vTrf;rdk;aomtcgwGif a&pD;qif;rIEeI f;enf;aom ae&mrsm;wGio f m tokH;jyKEdkifygonf/ a&0ifEdik faomtaygufukdyw d f&ef (odUk r[kw)f taqmufttHk\ tEÅ&m,fusa&mufvG,faom? cHEdik f&nfenf;yg;aom? tm;enf;aomtpdwftydkif;udk umuG,f&eftwGuf oJtdwfrsm;udk ,m,DtokH;jyKEkdifygonf/

4/ tjcm;aomypönf;ud&d,mvkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif; x ypö nf;rsm;udk,m,Dz,f&mS ;jcif;- tcsKUd aome,fajra'orsm;wGifypön;f rsm;? ud&d,mrsm;?

ukefpnfrsm;udk ta&;ay:tajctaejzpfymG ;vmaomtcgwGif,m,Dz,f&mS ; xm;ygu xdcdkufysufpD;rIrsm; trsm;tjym;avsmhenf;usqif;oGm;Edik fygonf/ x a&vkHonfhodkavSmif½Hkrsm; - a&vTrf;rdk;avh&Sdaome,fajra'orsm;wGif a&vkHtzkH;rsm;yg

odak vSmifuefrsm;jyKvkyx f m;jcif;jzifh ukeyf pönf;rsm;? ypönf;ud&, d mrsm;udk a&vTr;f rd;k í xdcdkufysufpD;jcif;rS wm;qD;umuG,fEdkifygonf/ x pepfwuscsnfaESmifxm;jcif; - a&vTrf;rdk;pOftawmtwGi;f tcsKdUaomypön;f rsm;ESihf

a&arsmEdik faomtaqmufttkrH sm;(Oyrm-opfom;taqmufttkrH sm;)onf ajredro hf Ukd arsmygoGm;Edkio f jzifyh pönf;qkH;½I;H &onft h jyif a&pD;aMumif;wGif tysuftpD;rsm;ESifh trIdufo½dkufrsm;pkyHkvmEdik yf gonf/ xdkodUk aom taqmufttkrH sm;udk cdik Nf rJpmG csnfaESmif xm;jcif;jzifh xdcdkufysufpD;rIrsm;udk avQmhcsEdkifygonf/ x 0efaqmifrIvy k fief;? a&ay;a0jcif;ESifh jzefYjzL;jcif;uhJokdUaom pepfrsm;udk ,dkpdrhf0ifxGurf I

&Sd-r&Sd ppfaq;NyD; jyKjyif&ygrnf/ a&vTrf;rdk;rIaMumifh jyifyrSa&rsm; ,dkpdrfh0ifNyD; npfnrf;rIr&Sdap&efjzpfygonf/ (i) tif * sif e D , menf ;ynmjzif h a qmuf vk y f xm;aomtaqmuf ttH k r sm; a&vTrf;vGifjyifrsm;wGif tif*sifeD,menf;ynmjzifh taqmufttkHrsm; wnf aqmufjcif;ESifh taqmufttkHrsm;udk a&vTrf;rdk;rI'PfESifh ,dkpdrfhrIwdkUcHEdkif&ef tm;jznfhay;

19

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@UN-Habitat

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22

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@UN-Habitat

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23

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24

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25

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27

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28

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@UN-Habitat

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29

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30

@ Action Aid

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32

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33

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34

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@UNDP

&SmazGu,fq,fa&;oifwef;

@UN-Habitat

vuform;oifwef;

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35

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36

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37

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38

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39

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40

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@UN-Habitat

a&MuD;aepOfjyifqifaqmif&Guo f ifhonfrsm;

41

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@UN-Habitat

vdktyfyguab;vGwf&modkYBudKwifa&TUajymif;yg/

42

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@UN-Habitat

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44

Reference: ADPC. 2004. Community-based Disaster Risk Management: Field Practioners’ Handbook. ADPC. 2006. CBDRM for Local Authorities. ADPC. 2002. Floods: Natural Hazards and Disasters ADPC. Flood Premier1 ADPC.et al. 2009. Hazard Profile of Myanmar Central Board of Secondary Education, Preet Vihar, Delhi. Nov. 2007. Together towards a Safer India – An Introduction to Disaster Management for Class VIII. GoI, January 2005.(chapter 2 & 4), Manual on Community Approach to Flood management in India. J. Env. Dev., 11(1&2), 2004, pp. 227-304. National Disaster Management Division, GoI, MHA. Hazards, Disasters and Your Community. NDPCC, Union of Myanmar. 2009. Standing Order on Disaster Management. U San Hla Thaw, “Floods in Myanmar”, Presentation at DRR workshop in Mandalay, Sept, 2009 http://library.thinkquest.org

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Action Aid Arche Nova Asian Disaster Preparedness Center Care Myanmar Department of Educational Planning and Training (ynma&;pDrHudef;ESifhavhusifha&;OD;pD;Xme)

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Myanmar Information Management Unit (MIMU) Myanmar Red Cross Society Pact Myanmar Relief and Resettlement Department (u,fq,fa&;ESifhjyefvnfae&mcsxm;a&;OD;pD;Xme)

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Save the Children Tdh-Italy United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) World Vision

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