ekfld lekpkji=k ekpZ 2008

iw.kk±d 117 rhu #i;s

o"kZ 10 vad 2 ckjg i`"B

egkjk"Vª esa ^iqjfc;k* esgurd'kksa ds f[k+yki+$ 'kq: gqbZ u;h {ks=koknh eqfge dk fojksèk djks!

esgurd'kksa dh ØkfUrdkjh ,dtqVrk dk;e djks! Qklhoknh rko+$rksa ds ealwcksa dks ukdke djks!! lEiknd jkt Bkdjs&cky Bkdjs }kjk egkjk"Vª eas mRrj Hkkjrh; esgurd'kksa ds f[k+yki+$ 'kq: dh x;h u;h eqfge 'kkld oxks± dh ^ck¡Vks vkSj jkt djks* dh jktuhfr dk gh u;k [kwuh [ksy gSA vkus okys yksdlHkk pquko dh fclkr ij 'kq: gqvk ;g [ksy lHkh pqukkfVZ;k¡ feydj [ksy jgh gSaA jkt Bkdjs vkSj cky Bkdjs gh ugha] tks pqukoh ikfVZ;k¡ mRrj Hkkjrh;ksa dh fgek;r esa [kM+h ut+j vk jgh gSa os Hkh blh [ksy dk fgLlk gSaA esgurd'k voke dks bu pqukocktksa ds cgdkos esa vkus ds ctk; miuh oxhZ; ,dtqVrk dks etcwr cukrs gq, ns'kh&fons'kh iwt ¡ h dh ccZj ywV ds f[kykQ ØkfUrdkjh la?k"kksZa dh fn'kk esa vkxs c<+uk gksxkA jkt Bkdjs dh egkjk"Vª uofuekZ.k lsuk us viuk jktuhfrd Hkfo"; l¡okjus ds fy, ^ejkBh ekuq"k* ds ftl eqís dks gok nh gS og u;k ugha gSA 1968 eas f'kolsuk ds xBu ds ckn

cky Bkdjs us Hkh vius jktuhfrd li+$j dh 'kq#vkr blh eqís ls dh FkhA f'kolsuk ds xBu ds vxys gh lky cky Bkdjs us ^yqaxh Hkxkvks] iqaxh cpkvks* dk ukjk fn;k FkkA xSj ejkBh eqEcbZokfl;ksa ds f[kykQ ui+$jr vkSj mUekn ds ftl tgjhys nj[+r dks jksidj cky Bkdjs vc rd mlds Qy dk Lokn p[k jgs gSa mlh dks jkt Bkdjs u;s fljs ls [kkn&ikuh ns jgs gSaA rhu lky igys pkpk dh ikVhZ ls ukrk rksM+us ds ckn viuk jktuhfrd o+$n c<+kus ds fy, Hkrhts Bkdjs dks vkSj nwljh dksbZ jkg lw> Hkh ugha ldrh Fkh D;ksfa d f'kolsuk ls mudk vyxko fdlh mlwyh loky ij gqvk gha ugha FkkA elyk dsoy ;g Fkk fd cky Bkdjs iq=k m)o Bkdjs dks viuk jktuhfrd mRrjkfèkdkjh cukuk pkgrs Fks tks jkt Bkdjs dks xokjk ugha gqvkA viuh eqfge ds t+fj;s jkt Bkdjs }kjk ejkBhs oksV&cSad esa gh lsaèk ekjus dh dksf'k'k djrk ns[k ckyBkdjs&m)o

Bkdjs us Hkh viuk ^mnkjrkoknh* eq[kkSVk mrkj Qsd a kA m)o Bkdjs us jkt Bkdjs ls Hkh mxz c;ku ns Mkyk fd vxj gokbZ vM~Mk fuekZ.k dh ubZ ifj;kstukvksa esa mRrj Hkkjrh;ksa dks dke ij yxk;k x;k rks og mUgsa iklZy ls okil Hkst nsaxsA cky Bkdjs us Hkh f'kolsuk ds eq[ki=k ^lkeuk* esa dye&dwph ysdj mRrj Hkkjrh;ksa ds f[kyki+$ t+gj fc[ksjuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA bl ekgkSy esa bysDVªkfud ehfM;k dks Hkh u;h luluh fey x;h vkSj fnu&jkr mldk pj[kk pyus yxkA ns[krs&ns[krs jkt Bkdjs dk uke ns'k ds dksu&s dksus esa e'kgwj gks x;kA egkjk"Vª dh dkaxszl&jk"Vªoknh dkaxl sz dh xBcUèku ljdkj }kjk jkt Bkdjs dh fxj¶+rkjh vkSj nks ?k.Vs ds Hkhrj fjgkbZ ds ukVd us ,d vksj jkt Bkdjs dk jktuhfrd o+$n vkSj c<+k fn;k nwljh vkSj dkaxlsz ikVhZ vkSj 'kjn iokj dk ik[k.M Hkh iwjh rjg mtkxj gks x;kA vius bl ik[k.M ij inkZ Mkyus ds fy, dkaxzslh U;k;ikfydk

dh vkM+ esa pys x;s] ;g dgrs gq, fd jkt Bkdjs dks fxj¶+rkj djds geus viuk dke fd;k] U;k;ikfydk ij gekjk D;k t+ksj\ tc pqukoh fclkr ij ;g uwjkad'q rh py jgh gks rks Hkyk dksbZ Hkh pqukoh ikVhZ ihNs D;ksa jguk pkgsxh\ ykyw izlkn&jkcM+h nsoh] eqyk;e flag ;kno ls ysdj ek;korh rd lHkh us c;kuksa ds xksys nkxus 'kq: dj fn;sA lcds dk;ZdrkZ lM+dksa ij iqryk ngu djus fudy vk;sA mRrj Hkkjrh;ksa ds ;s lHkh fgek;rh egkjk"Vª esa viuk pqukoh vkèkkj c<+kus ds lkFk gh viuh ikfVZ;ksa dks ^jk"Vªh;* cukus ds fy, gkFk&iSj ekj jgs gSaA lektoknh ikVhZ ds vcw vkt+eh egkjk"Vª ds mRrj Hkkjrh;ksa ¼[kkldj eqlyekuksa½ ds u;s elhgk cuus dh o+$ok;nksa esa tqVs gSaA m/kj izèkkuea=kh dh dqlhZ ij cSBus dk liuk ikys cgu ek;korh dh egkjk"Vª ds nfyr oksVksa ij fVdh ut+j dks Hkk¡irs gq, cky Bkdjs us ek;korh dh rkjhi+$

esa Hkh dqN o+$lhns i<+ fn;sA bu reke pqukoh nk¡o&?kkrksa ds chp iqjfc;k esgurd'kksa dks jkt Bkdjs ds ßlSfudÞ lM+dksa ij ihVrs jgs vkSj vkrafdr djrs jgsA [kkSi+$ ds lk;s esa viuh jkst+h&jksVh dks NksM+dj dkQh+ la[;k esa yksx vius xkk¡o&nsl ykSVus ds fy, etcwj gks x;sA ukfld vkSj iq.ks esa [kkl rkSj ij jkt Bkdjs ds mRikrh nLrksa us uaxukp fd;k tgk¡ ls lcls T+;knk la[;k esa et+nwj okil ykSVAs jktBkdjs&ckyBkdjs dh rFkkdfFkr ^ejkBk xkSjo* dh cqfu;kn ij fVdh jktuhfr rFkkdfFkr fgUnqRo ds xkSjo dks cpkus esa tqVh jktuhfr dh rjg gh ,d i+$klhoknh jktuhfr gSA gkyk¡fd pqukoh ui+$k&uqdlku dh gksM+ esa ;s nksuksa psgjs dHkh&dHkh ,d nwljs ds f[kyki+$ Hkh ut+j vkrs gSaA tSls fd iwohZ mRrj izn's k esa fgUnqRo ds vyecjnkj ;ksxh vkfnR;ukFk mRrj Hkkjrh;ksa ds ¼ist 6 ij tkjh½

fdlkuksa dh d+t+ZekQ+h ds ik[k.M vkSj 'kksj'kjkcs ds chp nck iw¡thifr;ksa dk ctV fo'ks"k laoknnkrk fnYyhA fpnEcje }kjk is'k vke ctV 20082009 esa fdlkuksa dh o+$t+Zeki+$h ,d oko+$;s dh cjcl gh ;kn fnyk x;hA enj Vsjls k dh e`R;q ds dqN gh fnuksa ckn mudh mRrjkfèkdkjh flLVj fueZyk us ,d b.VjO;w es dgk Fkk fd x+jhch bZ'oj dk migkj gSA vxj xjhch [k+Re gks tk;sxh rks fQj x+jhcksa dh lsok dk lqvolj dSls feysxk\ x+jhch vkSj x+jhcksa ds ckjs esa nqfu;k dh lHkh iw¡thoknh ljdkjksa dk ;g lpsr QylQk gks u gks] mudh uhfr;k¡ xjhch] Hkq[kejh] rckgh dk eatj rS;kj djrh gSa ftlls mUgsa mfpr le; ij lUrbZ dk pksyk igudj [kSjkr ck¡Vus dk ßlqvoljÞ feyrk gSA

ctk

pqukoh ekSle esa ;wih, ljdkj dk vkf[kjh ct+V is'k djrs gq, fpnEcje ds fy, ekdwy ekSdk Fkk fd og vius dkjiksjVs izes h psgjs ij lUrbZ dk eq[kkSVk igu ysaA vxys yksdlHkk pqukoksa ij fu'kkuk lkèks lHkh pq u koh f[kykM+ h ^fdLkku&fdlku* [ksy jgs FksA ysfdu pqukoh v[kkM+s esa lksfu;k Vhe ds igyoku fpnEcje us ,slk èkksfc;kikV ekjk fd lkjs fojksèkh fpRrA ns[krs gh ns[krs lksfu;k th ds njokts ij fdlkuksa dk Mkxk&cktk ctus yxk vkSj fojksèkh mLrkn cxys >k¡dus yxsA lksfu;k iyVu dh ;g [kq'kh vc mUgsa fdlkuksa dh ihM+k ls T+;knk lky jgh gSA

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fiNys lky ctV is'k djrs gq, fpnEcje us ifCyd dks [kq'k djus ds fy, 'kkg#[k [kku dk Mk;ykx ekjk Fkk & ^eSa gw¡ uk!* blckj mUgksaus eè;

ls equkQk dekus dk ykyp iSnk djksA cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;ksa ds cht] [kkn] dhVuk'kd [kjhnus ds fy, o+$tZ nks] et+Z c<+kvks] tc ejht+ ejus yxs rks ihM+kgkjh cke nksA jkgr eglwl djsxk rks oksV nsxkA fQj o+$tZ ysxk] fQj et+Z cksys fdlkuksa dh [ksrh ij vk;s ladV dk dksbZ gy ugha fudyus okykA mudh [ksrh ij vk;k ;g ladV iw¡thoknh

vke ctV 2008&2009 dky ds rfey lUr fr#oYywoj dk pksyk èkkj.k dj nks gsDVsvj tksr okys fdlkuksa ds 31 fnlEcj 2007 rd ds lHkh o+$t+Z eki+$ dj fn;sA fQj vxyh gh lk¡l esa mUgksua s dgk fd iqjkus dtks+Za ds NqVdkjk ikus ds ckn vc fdlku u;s fljs ls o+$tZ ys ldrs gSaA fcYdqy flLVj fueZyk okyh lUrbZ! igys [ksrh

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fpa x kjh

ls

ladV gSA ckT+j vkSj equki+$s dh gksM+ esa NksVs&e>ksys fdlku cM+h tksr okys HkwLokfe;ksa&QkeZjksa&èkuh fdlkuksa ds eqdkcys fVd gh ugha ldrsA os yk[k tru djsa] fgo+$er djsa] ckt+kj dh mBkiVd esa iNkM+ [kkuk mudh fu;fr gSA ljdkj ls feyh bl QkSjh jkgr ds ckn fQj ls mlh 'kSrkuh pDdj esa os f?kj tk;saxsA ;g jkgr Hkh njvly fdruh gS\ [kqn ljdkjh vk¡dM+s xokg gSa fd NksVh tksr okys T+;knkrj fdlku ljdkjh cSd a ksa ds ctk; futh lwn[kksjksa ls t;knk o+$t+Z ysrs gSAa vk¡dM+kas ds vuqlkj dsoy 36 izfr'kr fdlku gh ljdkjh cSadkas

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¼ist 5 ij tkjh½

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2 ubZ lektoknh ØkfUr dk mn~?kks"kd fcxqy] ekpZ 2008 vkil dh ckr

etnwjksa dks gj txg ywVk tkrk gS

og fnu t+:j vk,xk--gkykr tc balku ds fnekx+ ij Hkkjh iM+us yxrs gSa rks balku lq[k&nq[k dks viuh rdnhj le> dj det+ksj eglwl djus yxrk gS] lPpkbZ ls eq¡g Qsj dj thus yxrk gSA bl rjg djus ls og vkSj Hkh det+ksj gks tkrk gS vkSj nqfu;k dks le>us esa vkSj Hkh vleFkZ gks tkrk gSA tSls vkt esgurd'k& et+nwj feyksa] dkj[kkuksa esa fnu&jkr [kVus ds ckn Hkh tc vius ?kj dh jkst+ejkZ dh t+:jrksa dks Hkh iwjk ugha dj ikrk rks og viuh fdLer dks gh nks"k nsrk gSA ij tc og lekt ds cko+$h yksxksa ds thou dh viuh ft+anxh ds lkFk rqyuk djds bl iz'u rd igq¡prk gS fd ,slk D;ksa gS rks lPpkbZ ,d&,d djds mlds lkeus vkus yxrh gSA tc og ns[krk gS fd mldh esgur ds go+$ ywVs tk jgs gSa rks gj rji+$ mls ut+j vkrk gS v¡/ksjk] ftlesa mls dgha Hkh jks'kuh dh fdj.k ut+j ugha vkrhA og ns[krk gS gj rji+$ vius [kwu&ilhus ls rS;kj dh x;h bekjrsa] cM+s&cM+s 'kkfiax lsaVjksa esa Vaxs gq, [kqn ds rS;kj fd;s diM+s] [kq n rS ; kj fd;s ifjogu ds lkèku ysfdu ftUgsa og u [kjhn

ldrk gS u bLrseky dj ldrk gSA dkyh nqfu;k dk lp mlds lkeus vk tkrk gS fd vehj fnu&jkr esgur djus ls ugha cuk tk ldrkA esgrud'k yksxksa dh ywV 'kq: djds] mlds go+$ gte djds gh vehjh ds egyksa rd igq¡pus dk jkLrk 'kq: gksrk gS vkSj ;g vehjh dh rjQ tkrk jkLrk dHkh Hkh lekIr ugha gskrk cfYd c<+rk gh tkrk gSA lPpkbZ dh lHkh ijrks a rd igq ¡ p dj gh esgurd'k euq"; [kqn dks balku le>rk gS D;ksafd mlus fdlh dk go+$ ugha [kk;kA lPpkbZ dks tkuus ij gj et+nwj dks ywV ds f[kyki+$ la?k"kZ 'kq: dj nsuk pkfg, D;ksafd dc rd et+nwj nsrk jgsxk et+nwj dks tUe] vkf[kj dc rd thrs jgsaxs ,sls gh\ Hkw[k dks feVkus ds fy, pyks dHkh u dHkh rks vk,xk og le; tc esgurd'k [kqn dh det+ksjh] fdLer] ro+$nhj dks ugha dkslsxkA ml fnu nqfu;k ds lkjs jkt mlds lkeus gks a x s ftUgs a le>us esa og vkt rks vleFkZ gSA µijfeanj yqf/k;kuk

fiNys fnuksa [kcj vk;h fd etnwjksa dh deh ls tw> ldrk gS iatkcA blesa ehfM;k us pViVh fnypLih yhA crk;k x;k fd igys dh vis{kk vc izoklh etnwjksa dk vkuk de gks jgk gSA bl fo"k; esa lhVw ds iz/kku tfranj iky dgrs gSa fd vU; jkT;ksa esa ;gk¡ dh rqyuk esa bu dfeZ;ksa dks T+;knk iSls feyrs gSAa mudk ekuuk gS fd ;gh dkj.k gS fd ;gk¡ ls et+njw iyk;u dj jgs gSAa ysfdu bUgksua s ;g lPpkbZ ugha crkbZ fd iatkc ¼yqfèk;kuk½ esa etnwjksa dks 2006 ls vHkh rd fdruh dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gS tcfd vkadM+s blds xokg gSAa iatkc ljdkj dk ,d fu;e vk;k fd izoklh etnwjksa dk igpku i=k cuk;k tk;sA bldk dkj.k crk;k x;k fd izoklh et+njw dRy] cykRdkj] pksjh] MdSrh vkfn djds vkrs gSa vkSj iatkc esa fNi tkrs gSAa vxj blds fy, dkMZ t+:jh Fkk rks ;g dkMZ eq¶r+ cuk;k tkuk pkfg, FkkA ysfdu blds fy, gj ,d ls 50 #i;k fy;k x;kA ysfdu ;g ugha crk;k x;k fd iatkc ljdkj dk [ktkuk [kkyh FkkA bls etnwjksa dk [kwu pwl dj Hkjus dk uqL[kk rS;kj fd;k x;kA ;s gj rjQ ls gkjdj etnwjksa ij VwV iM+As bldk lcls T+;knk uktk;t

jkgqy Qkm.Ms'ku ls izdkf'kr dqN u;h iqLrdsa ØkfUrdkfj;ksa ds nLrkost+ Hkxrflag vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa ds lEiw.kZ miyCèk nLrkost+ µl- lR;e 190-00 nkf;Rocksèk iqfLrdk J`a[kyk Hkkjrh; d`f"k esa iw¡thokn dk fodkl µlq[kfoUnj 30-00 vkºoku iqfLrdk J`a[kyk vkj{k.k % i{k&foi{k vkSj rhljk i{k 10-00 vkradokn ds ckjs esa foHkze vkSj ;FkkFkZ 10-00 ØkfUrdkjh Nk=k&;qok vkUnksyu 15-00 fcxqy iqfLrdk Ük`a[kyk taxyukek % ,d jktuhfrd leh{kk µMkW- n'kZu [ksM+h 5-00 ykHkdkjh ewY;] ykxr ewY;] eè;e fdlku vkSj NksVs iSekus ds eky mRiknu ds ckjs esa ekDlZoknh n`f"Vdks.k % ,d cgl 30-00 la'kksèkuokn ds ckjs esa 5-00

f'kdkxks ds 'kghn et+nwj usrkvksa dh dgkuh µgkoMZ QkLV 10-00 et+nwj uk;d] ØkfUrdkjh ;ks)k 10-00 ekDlZ o kn dE;qfuLV ?kks"k.kki=k¼O;k[;kRed fVIif.k;ksa ds lkFk½ µMh- fj;ktkukso 100-00 èkeZ ds ckjsa esa µekDlZ] ,axsYl 100-00 ekDlZokn dh ewy leL;k,¡ µth- Iys[kkukso 30-00 }U}kRed HkkSfrdokn µMsfoM xsLV 25-00 vDVwcj ØkfUr vkSj ysfuu µvYcVZ jhl fofy;El 90-00 ToyUr iz'u ^tkfr* iz'u ds lekèkku ds fy, cq) dki+$h ugha] vEcsMdj Hkh dki+$h ugha] ekDlZ t+:jh gSa µjaxuk;dEek 125-00

naxs&Qlkn vkSj {ks=kh; >xM+ksa dh vkx esa iwjs ns'k dks tyus ls cpkvks! oksV dh jktuhfr djus okys] iw¡thifr;ksa ds VV~Vw jktuhfrKksa dh vlfy;r igpkuks!! QkflLV tquwu esa cgus ls cpks!!! iw¡thoknh pqukoh jktuhfr ds ØkfUrdkjh fodYi dk fuekZ.k djks!

ubZ lektoknh ØkfUr dk mn~?kks"kd

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Qk;nk mBkrs gSa iatkc LVsV ds VªfS Qd iqfyl] ihlhvkj vkSj jsyosA tgk¡ dgha tkvks jsyos LVs'ku] pkSjkgs] ^dkjokbZ dkMZ* fn[kkus dh ek¡x gksrh gSA vxj dkMZ gS rks vPNh ckr gS ugha rks 200 #i;s fudkyksA bl rjg dkuwu ds j{kd etnwj ds Åij Hk{kd cudj VwV iM+s vkSj viuh tsc pkanh djus yxsA iatkc esa lcls T+;knk 'kks"k.k ekfydksa }kjk gksrk gSA blds ckn csgM+kas ds ekfyd vkrs gSa tks ,d gh :e ds vanj pkj&pkj ikap&ikap tuksa dks jgus ij etcwj dj nsrs gSa tcfd mlesa dk;ns ls ,d gh vkneh jg ldrk gSA ckdh tks dlj cprh gS mldks VªfS Qd iqfyl] ihlhvkj] jsyos iwjh dj nsrh gSA jsyos deZpkjh pkgs fVdV ckcw gks] VhVh gks] iqfyl gks ;k dksbZ vkSj buds }kjk 'kks"k.k ds ckjs esa gj etnwj dks ekywe gSA fVdV ckcw iSls ysdj dqlhZ ds uhps fxjk nsrs gS]a vkSj dgrs gSa fd rqeus lkS #i;s de gh fn;k gS] VhVh dgrs gaS rw tk fdl :V ls jgk gS\ ogha jsyos iqfyl etnwjksa ls Vªus ds vanj iSls ,aBs rs gSAa vxj

fdlh us nsus ls vkukdkuh dh rks ekjrs Hkh gaAS dbZ ckj ukScr vkrh gS fd Vªus ls Hkh Qsd a nsrs gSA vle] fnYyh ;k eqca bZ gks ;k dksbZ vkSj 'kgj viuk isV Hkjus ds fy, nks oDr dh jksVh ds fy, 1100&1200 fdyksehVj nwj pydj vkrs gj etnwj dh gj txg ;gh gkyr gSA gekjh reke etnwj lkfFk;ksa ls vihy gS fd pkgs dksbZ Hkh jktuhfrd ikVhZ] usrk ;k /keZ dk Bsdns kj gks ;s gekjh vktknh ugha fnyk ldrs cfYd ;s yksxksa dks /keZ] ns'k] Hkk"kk ds uke ij ck¡V dj j[kuk pkgrs gSAa bu yqVjs ksa ls ge yksxksa dks dksbZ mEehn ugha j[kuh pkfg,A vxj ge yksxksa dks bl 'kks"k.k&vU;k; ls eqDr gksuk gS rks Hkxrflag ds ckjs es]a muds fopkjksa ds ckjs esa tkuuk gksxk vkSj ,d ubZ ØkfUr dh uhao Mkyuh gksxhA vkb;s ge lc etnwj lkFkh feydj ladYi ysa vkSj Hkxrflag ds liuksa dks lkdkj cuk;sAa bao$+ ykc ftankckn! µujsUnz dqekj xqIrk] fcxqy etnwj nLrk vkSj ukStoku Hkkjr lHkk ds dk;ZdrkZZ

fcxqy dk Lo:i] mís'; vkSj ftEesnkfj;k¡ 1- ^fcxqy* O;kid esgurd'k vkcknh ds chp ØkfUrdkjh jktuhfrd f'k{kd vkSj izpkjd dk dke djsxkA ;g et+nwjksa ds chp ØkfUrdkjh oSKkfud fopkjèkkjk dk izpkj djsxk vkSj lPph loZgkjk laLÑfr dk izpkj djsxkA ;g nqfu;k dh ØkfUr;ksa ds bfrgkl vkSj f'k{kkvksa ls] vius ns'k ds oxZ la?k"kks± vkSj et+nwj vkUnksyu ds bfrgkl vkSj lco+Q ls et+njw oxZ dks ifjfpr djk;sxk rFkk reke iwt ¡ hoknh viQokgks&a dqip z kjksa dk Hk.MkiQksM+ djsxkA 2- ^fcxqy* ns'k vkSj nqfu;k dh jktuhfrd ?kVukvksa vkSj vkfFkZd fLFkfr;ksa ds lgh fo'ys"k.k ls et+nwj oxZ dks f'kf{kr djus dk dke djsxkA 3- ^fcxqy* Hkkjrh; ØkfUr ds Lo:i] jkLrs vkSj leL;kvksa ds ckjs esa ØkfUrdkjh dE;qfuLVksa ds chp tkjh cglksa dks fu;fer :i ls Nkisxk vkSj Lo;a ,slh cglsa yxkrkj pyk;sxk rkfd et+nwjksa dh jktuhfrd f'k{kk gks rFkk os lgh ykbu dh lksp&le> ls ySl gksdj ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ ds cuus dh izfØ;k esa 'kkfey gks ldsa vkSj O;ogkj esa lgh ykbu ds lR;kiu dk vkèkkj rS;kj gksA 4- ^fcxqy* et+nwj oxZ ds chp yxkrkj jktuhfrd izpkj vkSj f'k{kk dh dkjZokbZ pykrs gq, loZgkjk ØkfUr ds ,sfrgkfld fe'ku ls mls ifjfpr djk;sxk] mls vkfFkZd la?k"kks± ds lkFk gh jktuhfrd vfèkdkjksa ds fy, Hkh yM+uk fl[kk;sxk] nqvUuh&poUuhoknh HkwtkNksj (dE;qfuLVksa) vkSj iw¡thoknh ikfVZ;ksa ds nqeNYys ;k O;fDroknh&vjktdrkoknh VsªM;wfu;ucktksa ls vkxkg djrs gq, mls gj rjg ds vFkZokn vkSj lqèkkjokn ls yM+uk fl[kk;sxk rFkk mls lPph ØkfUrdkjh psruk ls ySl djsxkA ;g loZgkjk dh o+Qrkjksa ls ØkfUrdkjh Hkjrh ds dke esa lg;ksxh cusxkA 5- ^fcxqy* et+njw oxZ ds ØkfUrdkjh f'k{kd] izpkjd vkSj vkàkudrkZ ds vfrfjDr ØkfUrdkjh laxBudrkZ vkSj vkUnksyudrkZ dh Hkh Hkwfedk fuHkk;sxkA

esgurd'k lkfFk;ksa ds fy, t+:jh dqN iqLrdsa dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dk laxBu vkSj mldk
D;ksa ekvksokn\ ebZ fnol dk bfrgkl vDVwcj ØkfUr dh e'kky isfjl dE;wu dh vej dgkuh ikVhZ dk;Z ds ckjs esa turk ds chp ikVhZ dk dke

10@& 5@& 12@& 10@& 15@& 30@&

fcxqy foØsrk lkFkh ls ek¡xsa ;k bl irs ij 17@& jftLVªh 'kqYd tksM+dj euhvkMZj Hkstsa % tupsruk] Mh&68] fujkyk uxj] y[kuÅ

ubZ lektoknh ØkfUr dk mn~?kks"kd fcxqy] ekpZ 2008

3

phu esa c<+rk iznw"k.k

iw¡thokn dh rckgh gh i;kZoj.k j{kk gS! vkt gj bUlku i;kZoj.k izn"w k.k dh fLFkfr cnrj gksrs tkus ls fpfUrr gS ysfdu og blds ewy dkj.kksa rd ugha igqp ¡ ik jgk gSA ewy dkj.kksa ls /;ku HkVdkus ds fy, 'kkld oxZ i;kZoj.k izn"w k.k ds ckjs esa rjg&rjg ds Hkze yxkrkj QSykrk jgrk gSµtSls fd c<+rh vkcknh ;k c<+rs gq, m|ksx bR;kfnA vkf[k+jdkj vlfy;r D;k gS\ vlfy;r ;g gS fd iwt ¡ hokn esa equki+$s dks dsUnz esa j[kdj mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA ,d vksj mRiknu ds lk/kuksa ij futh ekfydkuk vkSj nwljh vksj mRiknu dk lkewfgdhdj.k gksrk gSA blds pyrs tc mRiknu gksrk gS rks ,sls mRiknu dh ek¡x ,d iM+ko ij tkdj xfrjks/k dk f'kdkj gksrh gS] rc iwt ¡ h ,d u;s ckt+kj dh rji+$ >iVrh gSA tSls diM+k m|ksx ds ckn twrk m|ksx vkSj blds ckn jlk;u b.MLVªh esa fuos'k djuk rkfd iwt ¡ hokn dh jxksa esa [+kwu ds ekfi+$d nkSM+rh iw¡th ldqy Z 's ku esa jgs] vxj og #dh rks iwt ¡ hokn dks ogha ^gkVZ vVSd* gks tk;sxkA blhfy, iwt ¡ h gj oD+r ubZ e.Mh dh ryk'k esa jgrh gS ;k fQj [+kqn ubZ e.Mh cukrh gSA u;s ckt+kj [+knq rS;kj djus dk eryc ;g gS fd ,slh pht+kas dk mRiknu djuk ftldh fdlh dks dksbZ t+:jr ugha gksrh] u gh ekuork dks dksbZ i$k;nk fn[kk;h iM+rk gS] myVk uqo+$lku gh uqo+$lku mBkuk iM+rk gSA vxj ge dksd] isIlh ;k QS.Vk tSls is; inkFkksZ± dk mnkgj.k ysa rks ekeyk ,dne lki+$ le> esa vk tk;sxkA bUlkuh 'kjhj ds fy, ,dne [k+rjukd inkFkZ dk mRiknu egt+ blfy, fd;k tkrk gS rkfd eqVB~ hHkj dqN yksx
fd vkleku dk jax uhyk ugha cfYd /kwlj ¼xz½s fn[kk;h iM+rk FkkA lky 2007 esa phu esa 365 esa ls 245 fnu uhys vkleku ds fnu Fks ;kuh ckdh ds fnu vkleku iznw"k.k ds dkj.k /kwlj fn[kk;h iM+rk FkkA ;g gkyr Hkh lky 2007 esa lq/kjh gS] mlls igys uhys vkleku ds fnu vkSj Hkh de FksA ,sls esa phuh iz'kklu Hkh izn"w k.k gVkus ds uke ij dqN dok;n djrk gqvk fn[kk;h iM+ jgk gSA ij fQj ogh iz'kklu Fkdk&ek¡nk dqÙkk vklu djrk fn[kk;h iM+rk gS] tc 1 djksM+ 20 yk[k dh vkcknh okys chftax esa gj fnu vkSlru 1200 u;s Vªd vkSj dkjsa tek gksrh gSAa pkj yk[k u;h dkjsa vkSj Vªd gj lky ,d 'kgj es!a oSKkfudksa dk dguk gS fd vxj 'kgj ds vkl&ikl ds dkj[k+kus tYn ls tYn gVk;s u x;s rks 'kgj bl o+$kfcy ugha jg tk;sxk fd fQj dHkh vius&vkidks lki+$ dj ik;sA bUgha gkykr esa chftax esa vksyfEid [ks y Hkh [ks y s tk;s a x s ] ys f du vksyfEid [ksy fo'ks"kK 'kgj ds okrkoj.k ls cqjh rjg [k+kiS +$t+nk gSAa 5 vxLr 2007 dks chftax ds [ksy eSnkuksa esa ckjhd d.kksa dk izn"w k.k ¼i+ $ kbu ikfVZ d y iks Y ;w ' kuµ ih,e&10½ 200 rd ekik x;k tks lqj{kk lhek ls pkj xquk Åij gSA 1998 esa chftax us uhys vkleku ds fli+$Z 100 fnu ns[ks] ysfdu lki+$ dks;yk bLrseky djus ls bldk dqN lek/kku 2001 rd gks ik;k] tc egt+ 25 i+ $ hlnh lYi+ $ j MkbvkW D lkbM de gq b Z A ys f du chfta x dh vlyh leL;k ih,e&10 ds iznw"k.k dh gS tks dkj[k+kuks]a fuekZ.k&dk;ks±] vkSj dkjksa vkSj Vªdksa ds dkj.k gksrk gS vkSj fnu nksxquh jkr pkSxquh dh j¶+rkj ds lkFk c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA gkyr ;g gS fd xSlekLd ds fcuk chftax esa ?kweuk [k+rjs ls [k+kyh ughaA ,slk gh gky vesfjdk ds U;w;kWd]Z dSfyi+$ksfuZ;k tSls 'kgjksa dk gS] tgk¡ jguk] MCY;w,pvks Hkh] bUlkuh thou ds fy, [k+rjk ekurh gSA bl lcds dkj.k /kjrh dk rkieku Hkh izfrfnu c<+rk tk jgk gS vkSj ci+$Z ds ,sl&s ,sls Xysf'k;j tks fiNys gt+kjksa lkyksa esa dHkh ugha fi?kys] vc fi?kyus 'kq: gks pqds gSAa bruk gh ugha gn ls T+;knk dS f edy fNM+ d us ls i+ $ ly ds lkFk&lkFk feV~Vh Hkh iznfw "kr gks jgh gS vkSj viuk mitkÅiu [kks jgh gSA gkyk¡fd u;s oSKkfud 'kks/k fcuk dhVuk'kdksa ds [ksrh djus dh ckr Hkh djrs gS]a ij ,sls 'kks/kksa dks cM+h

dhVuk'kd dEifu;ksa }kjk igys gh isV.s V djok fy;k tkrk gSA ;g rks gS phu dh vkt dh rLohj] ysfdu phu ges'kk ls ,slk ugha jgk gSA 1949 ds ckn 1976 rd lektoknh nkSj esa phu esa izn"w k.k dk eqo+$kcyk cgqr gh dkjxj
nwjxkeh lek/kku fudyuk pkfg,] u fd fli+$Z i+$kSjh lek/kkuA 3- leL;k ij lHkh igyqvksa ls fopkj djuk pkfg, rkfd ,d vkink dks nwj djus ls dksbZ nwljh vkink u iSnk gks tk;sA vc vxj dksbZ u;h ifj;kstuk rS ; kj djrs oD+ r iw ¡ t hokn ds fn'kkfuns'Z k ns[ks tk;sa rks os dqN ,sls gksxa s % 1- iwt ¡ hifr dk equki+$k izLFkku fcUnq gksuk pkfg,A 2- Hkkoh ih<+h rks D;k orZeku ih<+h dks Hkh xksyh ekjksµleL;k dk rkRdkfyd lek/kku gks] Hkfo"; fdlus ns[kk gSA 3- ;g vkink fdlh rjg ls Vy tk;s nwljh [kM+h gqbZ rks dqN u dqN fpIih&iScUn yxk gh nsxa As 1971 esa 'ka?kkbZ bysDVªkd s fs edy oDlZ ls fudyus okyk nzo dpjk vkSj Bksl vof'k"V inkFkZ tSls lY¶+;wfjd vEy vkSj dSfY'k;e lYi+$Vs ufn;ksa dks iznfw "kr dj jgs Fks vkSj vklikl dh i+$lyksa dks {kfr igqp ¡ k jgs FksA bl ij dkj[k+kus ds 2300 et+njw ksa }kjk lk>h dkjZokbZ dh x;hA rhu eghuksa ds vUnj&vUnj 10]000 ;qoku [k+pZ djds ;g [kkst fy;k x;k fd ^dSls fdlh cqjh pht+ dks ,d vPNh pht+ esa cnyk tk ldrk gSA* izfrekg iSnk gksus okys 92]000 ?kuehVj jíh xSl ls 85 izfr'kr dk iqu%laLdj.k fd;k tkus yxk] izfrekg iSnk gksus okys 29]000 Vu nzo dpjs ds 75 izfr'kr dk Hkh iqu%laLdj.k gksus yxk vkSj 1972 esa dkj[k+kus us 3000 Vu u;s dPps jklk;fud ekyksa dks fQj ls gkfly dj fy;kA ,s l k ugha gS fd ekvksdkyhu phu esa dksbZ tknw dh NM+h Fkh tks dpjs ls fli+$Z equki+$k vftZr djrh FkhA blh dkj[k+kus esa la;U=k ls iSnk gksus okyk gkbMªk¶s y+ ksfjd vEy vkSj /kqvk¡ csgn t+gjhyk gksrk FkkA ysfdu 'kks/kksa ls ;g irk pyk fd xSl dks Øk;ksykbV uked ,d lksfM;e vY;qehfu;e ¶+yksjkbM esa rCnhy fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,slk djus ij vkSlr ykxr 4]000 ;qoku izfr Vu vkrh FkhA ysfdu Øk;ksykbV dk ckt+kj ewY; fli+$Z 1]400 ;qoku izfr Vu FkkA ;kuh izfr Vu 2]600 ;qoku dh vfrfjDr o+$her mBkuh iM+rhA 1972 esa dkj[k+kus dks 39 Vu Øk;ksykbV iSnk djus ds fy, 100]000 ;qoku dk ?kkVk mBkuk iM+kA ;g fdlkuksa dks {kfrxzLr i+$lyksa dks fn;s tkus okys eqvkot+kas ls nl xquk vf/kd FkkA ij blesa ?kkVk ugha ns[kk x;k cfYd i;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk ns[kh x;h vkSj ;g lc

fli+$Z blh dkj.k ls fd ^equki+$k* dsUnz esa ugha FkkA rc dsUnz esa Fkk ^bUlku* vkSj ^bUlkfu;r*A dbZ vkSj mnkgj.k gSa ftuesa fd dpjs dks fQj ls bLrseky esa yk;k x;kA tSls ,d lwrh fey esa dikl ds chtksa ds [kksy dks igys tyk nsrs Fks] ysfdu ckn esa mldh izkl s fs lax djds et+njw ksa us Qj¶+;jw Ryu uked ,d dkcZfud ;kSfxd cuk;k vkSj Qj¶+;jw Ryu ds mRiknu ds nkSjku cps vof'k"V inkFkZ ls Xywdkst cuk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj Xywdkst cukus ds nkSjku cps vof'k"V inkFkZ ls fXyljhu] vYdksgy vkSj Ñf=ke lqxU/k cuk;s tk ldrs gSAa iw¡thoknh lekt esa yksxksa dks i;kZoj.k izn"w k.k ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsuk t+:jh ugha gksrk] D;ksfa d ,slk djuk iwt ¡ hifr;ksa ds fgr esa ugha gksrkA ysfdu lektokn esa yksx igys LFkku ij gksrs gSa vkSj equki+$k nwljs LFkku ij gksrk gSA fo'o loZgkjk ds egku f'k{kd vkSj usrk dkyZ ekDlZ us dgk Fkk fd iwt ¡ hokn viuh izÑfr ls gh izÑfr dk fojks/kh gSA tSls&tSls iw¡thokn vfrmRiknu ds ladV esa Q¡lrk tkrk gS vkSj iwt ¡ hfuos'k fu%'ks"k gksrk tkrk gS oSls gh ;g vkSj T;knk izÑfr fojks/kh LoHkko vf[+r;kj djrk tkrk gSAiwt ¡ hokn esa c<+rk izn"w k.k c<+rs vfr&mRiknu dh gh ,d vfHkO;fDr gSA iwt ¡ hoknh lekt esa bl fopkj dks izkRs lkgu fn;k tkrk gS fd yksx gh leL;k gS]a tcfd ØkfUrdkjh phu esa yksx lokZf/kd ewY;oku lalkèku le>s tkrs FksA dsoy ,d lektoknh vFkZO;oLFkk esa gh] tgk¡ equki+$k dsUnz esa ugha gks r k] vkS | ks f xd dw M +s & dpjs dh leL;k ls fuiVk tk ldrk gS vkSj dsoy ,d lektoknh lekt esa gh] tks turk ds fgrksa ds fy, lapkfyr gksrk gS] u fd cM+s iwt ¡ hifr;ksa ds fgrksa ds fy,] izn"w k.k fojks/kh dkeksa dks vey esa yk;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ,slh dkjxj uhfr;k¡ rS;kj dh tk ldrh gS]a Hkys gh bu uhfr;ksa ls dksbZ equki+$k vftZr u gksrk gksA gj usd fny bUlku dks miHkksxrk la L Ñfr ls ycjs t + iw ¡ t hokn ls i;kZoj.k dh j{kk dh vk'kk NksM+ nsuh gksxh vkSj lektokn dh rji+$ o+$ne c<+kuk gksxkA ,d ,sls lekt ds fy, yM+us ds fy, dej dluh gksxh ftlesa mRiknu ds lk/kuksa ij ls futh LokfeRo [k+Re dj lkewfgd LokfeRo ykxw fd;k tk;sA µvt; iky

4 ubZ lektoknh ØkfUr dk mn~?kks"kd fcxqy] ekpZ 2008

lk<+s pkj yk[k dk ^tkck* etnwjksa dk eq¡g cUn ugha dj ldrk fcxq y la o knnkrk uks,MkA uks,Mk dh QSDVfj;k¡ etnwjksa ds fy, lk{kkr dczxkg cuh gqbZ gSAa vk, fnu ;gk¡ ekSras gksrh jgrh gSaA fcuk fdlh lqj{kk midj.k ds viuh tku gFksyh ij j[kdj dke djus okys etnwj] fdlh u fdlh nq?kZVuk ds f'kdkj gks gh tkrs gSa ;k mudk dksbZ vax Hkax gks tkrk gSA dksbZ nhokj
tk, ;k fdlh dk gkFk VwVs] mls fli+$Z vius equki+$s ls eryc gSA etnwjksa us bl laoknnkrk dks crk;k fd blds igys Hkh fiNys lky 2007 esa ohj iky uke ds etnwj dh ekSr gks pqdh gS vkSj tuojh 2007 esa lq'khy uke dk etnwj vius nkfgus iSj dh rhu vaxqfy;k¡ x¡ok pqdk gSA vt; pkSgku dh ekSr ds ckn xqLlk, etnwj lkjk dke&/kke Bi djds ckgj vk x, vkSj ekSds ij igq¡ph iqfyl ls ekfyd ij gR;k dk eqo+$nek ntZ djus dh ek¡x djus yxsA iqfyl us rqjar viuh i{k/kjrk fn[kk;h vkSj vt; ds ifjokj okyksa ds igqapus ls igys gh nq?kZVuk dk ekeyk ntZ dj yk'k dk iksLVekVZe dj fn;kA bl ij etnwjksa us te dj fojks/k fd;kA etnwjksa dks 'kkUr djkus ds fy, daiuh ds ekfyd jeu [kUuk us e`rd ds ifjokj dks lk<+s pkj yk[k dk psd nsdj muds eq¡g ij tkck yxkus dk dke fd;k vkSj dke iqu% pkyw djok fy;kA fQygky ekfyd dh ;g rjdhc dke dj x;h vkSj etnwj pqi gks x,A ysfdu bruk r; gS fd ekfydkuksa }kjk etnwjksa ds eq¡g ij yxk;k tk jgk ;g rjg&rjg dk tkck cgqr fnuksa rd mudh vkokt+ dks cUn ugha j[k ldrkA

uks,Mk ,DliksVZ xkjesUV dk taxy jkt fcxq y la o knnkrk

mnkjhdj.k ds bl nkSj esa lewpk ns'k ns'kh&fons'kh iwt¡ h dh ywV dk [kqyk pjkxkg cuk gqvk gSA ,sls esa ywV vkSj 'kks"k.k&mRihM+u ds fdlh Hkh fojks/k ij ykfB;k¡ Hkk¡tus dh tks NwV ;g O;oLFkk iqfyl&QkSt dks nsrh gS] mlls T;knk NwV iwt a hifr vius ikyrw xq.Mksa dks nsrk gSA mUghaa ds ne ij og ,d vkUrfjd lÙkk pykrk gS tks Åijh ped&ned ds dkj.k izR;{kr% ugha fn[krh ysfdu ,M+h ls pksVh rd ilhuk ,d djds viuh jksth&jksVh dekus okys etnwjksa dk jkst blls lkcdk iM+rk gSA ;gk¡ ,&5] lsDVj&64 fLFkfr ^ch0,y0 b.Vjus'kuy} eSut s esUV ds xq.Mksa us ,d fnu dke ij u vkus ds dkj.k nks etnwjksa ds lkFk ekjihV dj tcju dbZ dksjs QkeksaZ vkSj dksjs dkxtksa ij nLr[kr vkSj vaxBw s ds fu'kku yxokdj] ckgj dk jkLrk fn[kkdj dqN ,slk gh mnkgj.k izLrqr fd;kA Kkr gks fd ch0,y0 b.Vjus'kuy ,d ,DliksVZ dEiuh gS tks NksVh&NksVh ckr ij etnwjksa ds lkFk ekjihV dj mUgsa ckgj dk jkLrk fn[kk nsus ds fy, iwjs uks,Mk ds etnwjksa esa fo[;kr gSA 28 tuojh 2008 dks 9 eghus ls Hkh T;knk le; ls dke dj jgs nks flykbZ dkjhxj xtsUnz flag vkSj dY;k.k flag dks ;g dgdj ckgj fudkyk tkus yxk fd rqe yksx dke ij ugha vk;s FksA bu nksuksa etnwjksa

}kjk bl ckr dk fojks/k djus ij eSuts esVa ds xq.Mksa us muds lkFk ekjihV dh vkSj dbZ dksjs QkeksaZ vkSj dksjs dkxtksa ij nLr[kr o vaxBw s ds fu'kku yxkokdj flQZ eghus Hkj dh lsyjh nsdj mUgsa ckgj fudky fn;kA lkFk&lkFk ;g /kedh Hkh ns nh fd dHkh bl dEiuh dk #[k fd;k rks tku ls ekj Mkysxa As bl ?kVuk ds vxys fnu mu nksuksa etnwjksa us ^fcxqy etnwj nLrk* ds lkfFk;ksa ls lEidZ fd;k vkSj iwjh ?kVuk ij foLrkj ls ppkZ dhA blds ckn mUgksua s mi Jek;qDr dk;kZy; esa Qfj;kn ds fy, fyf[kr :i ls nj[kkLr nhA mDr ekeys dk laKku ysrs gq, mi Jek;qDr egksn;k us yscj baLisDVj Jh t; flag dks tkap gsrq dsl lkSia fn;kA yscj baLisDVj us 30 tuojh 2008 dks dY;k.k flag vkSj xtsUnz flag dks rhu cts dEiuh ij mifLFkr gksus ds fy, dgk FkkA bl chp fcxqy etnwj nLrk us etnwjksa dk vkg~oku djrs gq, ,d ipkZ fudkyk FkkA ml ipsZ dk 'kh"kZd Fkk] ßcl djks! vc vkSj ugha lgsxa !s !Þ bl ipsZ esa ml ?kVuk dk gokyk nsrs gq, dgk x;k Fkk fd etnwjksa ds fy, t:jh gS ,d lPpk Økafrdkjh laxBu] tks mUgsa nqvUuh&poUuh dh yM+kbZ esa my>kus dh ctk; lÙkk vius gkFk esa ysus dh jkg crkrk gks] blds fy, etnwjksa dks Lo;a iz;kl djus gksxa As D;ksfa d pqukockt usrk ;k nyky] VªMs ;wfu;usa QSDVªh ekfydku ds VV~Vw gS]a

ubZ vk'kk,¡ iSnk dj xbZ cgjhu esa fuekZ.k etnwjksa dh gM+rky fcxq y la o knnkrk yqfèk;kukA thou O;rhr djus ds fy, csgrj lzksr&lalk/kuksa dh ryk'k esa balku ;qxksa ls izokl djrk vk;k gSA balku us dbZ u;s HkwHkkx [kksts thou dh t:jrsa iwjh djus ds fy, vusd u, inkFkZ [kksts vkSj lalk/ku tqVk,A bl rjg izokl dks viuh csgrjh vkSj lkekftd fodkl ds fgr esa bLrseky fd;kA igys euq"; dqnjrh vkQrksa ls cpus ds fy, ;k thus ds csgrj gkyr ds fy, izokl djrk Fkk ysfdu futh laifÙk dh ekj ds pyrs oxhZ; lektksa esa mlds izokl dk eq[; igyw 'kks"kd oxks± }kjk mRihM+u vkSj 'kks"k.k gh jgkA xqyke lektksa esa xqyke ekfydksa }kjk xqykeksa dh [kjhn&Qjks[r ls izokl gksrk jgk rks txhjnkjh esa tehankjksa ds tqYe ls cpus ds fy, fdlku ewy txg NksM+dj Hkkx tkrs FksA blh rjg vkt ds iwt ¡ hoknh lekt esa etnwjh dh csgrj njsa vkSj dke ds eqdkcyru csgrj gkykr etnwjksa dks izokl djus ij etcwj djrs jgs gSaA vkt rhljh nqfu;k ds ns'kksa ls cM+h la[;k esa etnwj fodflr ns'kksa es ia oz kl djrs gSa vkSj gj lky ;g izokl nj c<+rh gh tkrh gSA ,d cM+h la[;k esa Hkkjrh; rFkk vU; ns'kksa ds yksx vjc ns'kksa dh rjQ Hkh izokl djrs gSa

ns'k ls ckgj tkus ds fy, viuh tehu ;k ?kj cspdj ;k fxjoh j[k dj /ku tqVk;k tkrk gSA vjc ns'kksa ds iwathifr Hkh LFkkuh; etnwjksa dh txg ij bu izoklh etnwjksa ls dke ysuk T;knk Qk;nsena ekurs gSAa igyk dkj.k rks ;g gS fd vius ewy ns'kksa esa ;s izoklh etnwj cgqr de osru ikrs gSa ftldk Qk;nk mBkrs gq, vjc iat w hifr mUgsa LFkkuh; etnwjksa ls de osru ij j[krs gaAS viuh tehu cspdj ;k o+$t+Z ysdj vk, ;s izoklh etnwj ukSdjh [kksus ds Mj ls dksbZ gM+rky ;k fojksèk izn'kZu vkfn esa fgLlk Hkh ugha ysrs vkSj cnrj gkyrksa esa Hkh dke djrs jgrs gSa D;ksafd vius ns'k ds eqdkcys vjc ns'kksa esa feyrs osru ls og dqN u dqN cpk dj ?kj Hkst ikus ds dkfcy gksrs gSaA vjc ns'kksa esa iM+us okyh csbargk xehZ ds ckotwn Hkh ;s Hkkjrh; vkSj vU; ns'kkas ds izoklh etnwj dke djrs jgrs gSaA ysfdu vkneh dc rd tkuojksa dh rjg dke djrk jgsxk\ ,d u ,d fnu og cxkor ij mrj gh vkrk gSA dqN ,sls gh lkfcr fd;k 14 Qjojh dks [kRe gqbZ cgjhu dh ,d fuekZ.k daiuh esa etnwjksa dh Ng fnu dh gM+rky usA igys pkgs vjc eqYdksa

dh daifu;k¡ csgrj osru nsrh jgh gksa ysfdu iwt ¡ hokn dk fu;e gS fd cktkj esa fVds jgus ds fy, iwathifr dks ykxr ewY; ?kVkuk gksrk gSA vkSj ;g rc ?kV ldrk gS tc ;k rks ubZ mUur e'khujh yxkbZ tk, vkSj ;k fQj etnwjksa ds osru esa dVkSrh dh tk,A fo'o iwathokn ds xgjkrs ladV ds pyrs ykxw dh tk jgh ubZ vkfFkZd uhfr;ka ;s nksuksa gh fueZe etnwj fojks/kh mik; iwt a hokn dks lq>krh gSAa blh ds f[kykQ Fkh cgjhu esa gqbZ Ng fnuksa dh fuekZ.k etnwjksa dh gM+rkyA bl gM+rky esa 'kkfey yxHkx 2000 gM+rkyh etnwjksa esa ls 1400 dsoy Hkkjrh; gh FksA blls ;g rF; Hkh [kqydj lkeus vk;k gS fd igys ges'kk pqipki lc dqN lgrs tkus okys izoklh etnwj vc cksyus yxs gSaA ;gk¡ mYys[kuh; gS fd bl gM+rky dh eq[; ekax osru c<+kuk FkhA mijksDr daiuh vius etnwjksa dks flQZ 57 cgjhu fnukj eghuk nsrh Fkh ;kfu fd 5]974 #i,A etnwj 100 cgjhu fnukj ek¡x jgs FksA 1000 etnwj vius dke ij ykSV x, tcfd 'ks"k gM+rky ij dk;e jgs ftldh otg yscj dSia esa fdlh ckr dks ysdj pyh dksbZ rdjkj Fkh tks ckn esa Hkkjrh; nwrkokl ds vQljksa ds gLr{ksi ls gy gks xbZA blls igys etnwjksa us vius

vkokl LFkku ls 30 fdyksehVj nwj Je ea=kky; rd jfookj ds fnu iSny ekpZ djus dh ;kstuk cukbZ Fkh ysfdu vf/kdkfj;ksa us mUgsa yscj dSai esa gh rkyk yxk dj can dj fn;k FkkA tgka bl gM+rky us ;g Hkh lkfcr dj fn;k fd dksbZ iwt a hoknh ns'k fdruk Hkh fodflr D;ksa u gks tk, og iwath vkSj Je ds chp dk varjfojks/k dHkh Hkh gy ugha dj ldrk ogha bl gM+rky dh vkaf'kd thr us nqfu;k Hkj ds etnwjksa vkSj [kkldj izoklh etnwjksa dks chp vk'kk dk lapkj fd;k gS vkSj lkfcr fd;k gS fd nqfu;k Hkj ds etnwjksa ds gd ,d gSa vkSj eqfDr }kj dh rjQ tkus okyh ,d gh jkg gS µ

tks viuh yhn ls etnwjksa dk fnekx [kjkc djus dk dke djrs gSAa Kkr gks fd 30 tuojh 2008 dks gh fcxqy etnwj nLrk }kjk etnwjksa esa O;kid ipkZ forj.k fd;k tk jgk FkkA fcxqy etnwj nLrk ds lkFkh tuknZu] dY;k.k flag] xtsUnz flag vkSj dqN vU; etnwj lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk lsDVj 63] 64] 65 esa ipkZ forj.k dj jgs FksA ml le; etnwjksa dk yap vkoj py jgk Fkk vkSj dqN nsj ckn yscj baLisDVj ds lkFk okrkZ gksuh FkhA lsDVj 64 ds ikdZ esa ipsZ forj.k ds nkSjku djhc 1%30 cts tc yxHkx lkjs etnwj yap djds iqu% dke ij okil tk pqds Fks] mlh le; ch0,y0 b.Vjus'kuy ds djhc 10&12 xq.Ms ikdZ esa vk /kedsA vkrs gh mUgksua s xkyh&xykSt vkSj ekjihV 'kq: dj nh vkSj mUgsa tcjnLrh ikdZ ls ?klhV dj QSDVªh xsV ds vUnj cUn dj fn;kA eSut s esUV dk dguk Fkk bu ipksaZ ls v'kkfUr QSy tk,xh vkSj dgha etnwj HkMd x, rks D;k gksxkA etnwjksa esa O;kIr vkØks'k ls eSut s esUV fdruk Hk;kØkar gS og blh ckr ls irk pyrk gS fd mUgksua s lHkh ryk'kh yh vkSj tuknZu ds cSx ls lkjs ips]Z fcxqy v[kckj dh ,d izfr rFkk vU; ipsZ tks etnwjksa dh leL;kvksa dks ysdj le;&c≤ fcxqy etnwj nLrk }kjk fudkys tkrs jgs gS]a lc fudky fy;sA ckjh&ckjh ls vkSj fQj ,d lkFk lcdk QksVks [khapk rFkk dksjs dkxt ij ;g fy[kokus dh dksf'k'k Hkh dh fd] ßeSa nksckjk dHkh bl izdkj dh dksbZ tu dkjZokbZ ugha d:axkAÞ ysfdu os blesa lQy ugha gks ldsA blds ckn mlesa ls vius dks dEiuh dk ekfyd crkus okys O;fDr us iqfyl dks Qksu fd;kA lwpuk feyrs gh iqfyl lsok esa gkftj gks x;h vkSj ekfyd dk i{k ysrs gq, xkfy;ksa ls ?kVuk dh fjiksfVZxa ysus dh 'kq#vkr dhA vcrd lsDVj&58 Fkkus ij dqN i=kdkjksa dk ncko cuuk 'kq: gks x;k FkkA mlds ckn iqfyl us mu lkfFk;ksa dks NksMk+ A mlds ckn fcxqy etnwj nLrk ds lkFkh tuknZu] xtsUnz flag vkSj dY;k.k flag us ch-,y- b.Vjus'kuy ds eSuts esUV ds b, ccZj d`R; ds f[kykQ lsDVj&58 Fkkus esa fyf[kr :i ls rgjhj nhA fjiksVZ fy[ks tkus rd dksbZ dk;Zokgh ugha gqbZ gSA

¶lekt dk izeq[k vax gksrs gqq, Hkh vkt et+nwjksa dks muds izkFkfed vfèkdkj ls oafpr j[kk tk jgk gS vkSj mudh xk<+h dekbZ dk lkjk èku 'kks"kd iw¡thifr gM+i tkrs gSaA --- Jfed oxZ gh lekt dk okLrfod iks"kd gS] turk dh loksZifj lÙkk dh LFkkiuk Jfed oxZ dk vfUre y{; gSA¸ ¶Hkkjr lkezkT;okn ds tq, ds uhps fil jgh gSA blesa djksM+ksa yksx vkt vKkurk vkSj xjhch ds f'kdkj gks jgs gSaA Hkkjr dh cgqr cM+h tula[;k tks et+nwjksa vkSj fdlkuksa dh gS] mudh fons'kh ncko ,oa vkfFkZd ywV us ijkLr dj fn;k gSA Hkkjr ds esgurd'k oxZ dh gkyr vkt cgqr xaHkhj gSA mlds lkeus nksgjk [krjk gSµfons'kh iwt ¡ hokn dk ,d rjiQ ls vkSj Hkkjrh; iw¡thokn ds èkks[ks Hkjs geys dk [krjk nwljh rjQ ls gSA Hkkjrh; iw¡thokn fons'kh iw¡th ds lkFk gj jkst cgqr ls xBtksM+ dj jgk gS--Hkkjrh; iw¡thifr Hkkjrh; yksxksa dks èkks[kk nsdj fons'kh iw¡thifr ls fo'okl?kkr dh dher ds :i esa ljdkj esa dqN fgLlk izkIr djuk pkgrk gSA blh dkj.k esgurd'k dh reke vk'kk,¡ vc flQZ lektokn ij fVdh gSa vkSj ns'k dk Hkfo"; ukStokuksa ds lgkjs gSA os èkjrh ds csVs gSaA¸ (fgUnqLrku lksf'kfyLV fjifCydu ,lksfl,'ku dk ?kks"s k.kki=k)

ubZ lektoknh ØkfUr dk mn~?kks"kd fcxqy] ekpZ 2008

5

jaxk fl;kj fnYyh esa cSBdj Hkh gqvk¡&gqvk¡ gh djsxk! chrh ik¡p tuojh 2008 dks reke iwt ¡ hoknh v[k+ckjksa ds iUuksa ij ;g [k+cj i<+us dks feyh fd if'pe caxky dh lhihvkbZ ¼,e½ dh ljdkj ds eq[;eU=kh cq)nso HkV~Vkpk;Z us c;ku fn;k gS fd iwt ¡ hokn dk dksbZ fodYi ugha gS vkSj lektokn lEHko ugha gSA gkyk¡fd cq)nso HkV~Vkpk;Z dh lektokn ds izfr FkksMh+ lh Hkh izfrc)rk ij ;o+$hu ugha fd;k tk ldrk ysfdu la'kks/kuokn ds bl dV~Vj mikld us bl pfpZr c;ku esa brus [kqys :i esa viuk udkc ugha mrkjk FkkA ;s rks iwt ¡ hoknh ehfM;k dh pkykdh gh gS fd mlus dgh x;h ckr dks dqN vyx gh kSrkijLr rks gksrs gh gS]a os ckrsa rks ekDlZokfn;ksa tSlh djrs gSa ysfdu o+$ne&o+$ne ij iwt ¡ hoknh jkT;lÙkk ls le>kSrk djrs gSAa iwt ¡ hokfn;ksa dk dguk gS fd ns[kks] vc rks dE;qfuLV Hkh iwt¡ hokn dh t+:jr eglwl djrs gSAa iwt ¡ hoknh lh/ks&lh/ks rks dHkh dE;qfuLV fl)kUrksa dks >qByk ugha lds] blfy, os vius cg:fi;ksa dks dE;qfuLV vkUnksyu esa

¼ist 1 ls vkxs½ ls o+$t+Z ysrs gaAS ckdh futh lwn[kksjksa ls eg¡xh C;kt njksa ij dtsZ ysrs gSAa ljdkjh o+$t+Z dk Hkh T+;knk i+$k;nk cM+s o ea>ksys fdlku gh mBkrs gSAa cSd a kas ls NksVs fdlkuksa dks tks FkksMk+ &cgqr o+$t+Z fey ikrk gS mldk vkèks ls T;knk xzke izèkku&ys[kiky] chMh-vks-] cSd a vfèkdkfj;ksa ls ysdj nykyksa ds chp ck¡V&c[kjs esa pyk tkrk gSAa fdlkukas }kjk vkRegR;k,¡ djus okys ize[q k bykdksa ds ckjs esa vk;h vusd fjiksVks± esa ;g ckr lkeus vk pqdh gS fd os T+;knkrj futh lwn[kksjkas ds o+$t+Z esa Mwcs FksA fpnEcje ds ctV ls ,sls fdlkuksa dks rkss ;g QkSjh jkgr Hkh feyus ls jghA ;g loky mBus ij fpnEcje us ;g dgdj iYyk >kM+ fy;k fd og cscl gSAa 'kjn iokj us bu fdlkuksa ds t[eksa ij ejge yxkus dk ik[k.M djrs gq, c;ku fn;k fd voSèk lwn[kksjksa ds o+$t+Zs er okil djksA fdlkuksa dh o+$t+eZ kQh ds bl ik[k.M vkSj 'kksj&'kjkcs ds chp ctV esa mBk;s x;s mu uhfrxr o+$neksa dks Nqik fn;k

mrkjrs gSAa ;gh cg:fi;s la'kks/kuoknh gksrs gSAa buds eqg¡ ls iwt ¡ hoknh jkT;lÙkk ,slh ckrsa dgyokrh gS vkSj muls dqN ,slh uhfr;k¡ ykxw djokrh gS] ftuls lk/kkj.k turk esa dE;qfuLV fopkj/kkjk vkSj dE;qfuLVksa ds ckjs esa Hkze QSyk;k tk ldsA yksxksa esa Hkze QSykus dk dke Hkkjr esa iwt ¡ hoknh jkT;lÙkk lhihvkbZ vkSj lhihvkbZ ¼,e½ tSls reke la'kks/ kuokfn;ks]a dE;qfuLV vkUnksyu esa ?kqls bu ehj t+ki+$jksa dh enn ls djrh vk;h gSA cq)nso us tks ckr dgh gS] og gS gh bruh pkykdh Hkjh vkSj iwt ¡ hoknh ehfM;k dks bls rksMu+ &s ejksMu+ s dk vklku volj Hkh ns fn;k] ftlls lektokn dks gh [kkfjt fd;k tk lds vkSj nwljh rji+$ lektokn esa izfrc)rk fn[kkus ds fy, lki+$&li+$kbZ is'k djus dk bUrt+ke Hkh igys gh dj fy;kA cq)nso ds bl c;ku ds ckn T;ksfr clq vkSj izdk'k dkjkr ds Hkh c;ku vk;sA tgk¡ T;ksfr clq us cq)nso dh gh ckr nksgjkrs gq, mlds }kjk if'pe caxky esa ykxw dh tk jgh uhfr;ksa ds fy, mudh ihB FkiFkik;h] ogha izdk'k dkjkr us ehfM;k esa ftl rjg ls bu c;kuksa dks is'k fd;k x;k] mlds fy, lki+$&li+$kbZ is'k dhA izdk'k dkjkr us dgk fd bu c;kuksa dk ;g vFkZ ugha Fkk fd ikVhZ dk lektokn esa fo'okl [k+Re gks x;k gS] cfYd ;g gS fd orZeku gkykr esa tc cko+$h lkjs ns'k esa iwt ¡ hoknh ikfVZ;k¡ ljdkjsa pyk jgh gS]a ,sls esa muds }kjk ljdkjksa okys jkT;ksa esa Hkh lektokn ykxw djuk fi+$ygky lEHko ugha gSA muds eqrkfco+$ ;g mudh etcwjh gS fd os iwt ¡ hokn ykxw djsAa igyh ckr rks ;g gS fd lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ dh u rks lektokn esa dksbZ izfrc)rk gS vkSj u gh fo'oklA muds psgjs ls ekDlZokn dk udkc rks rc gh mrj x;k Fkk tc 1967 esa bl ikVhZ us uDlyckM+h esa tula?k"kZ dks dqpyus ds fy, Hkkjrh; iwt¡ hoknh jkT;lÙkk dh vkxs c<+dj Hkjiwj enn dh FkhA vkSj vkt rks lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ [+knq vius }kjk

'kkflr jkT;ksa esa vU; jkT;ksa ds eqo$+ kcys dgha rsth+ ] dBksjrk vkSj [kw[¡ kkj rjho+$s ls iwt ¡ hoknh uhfr;k¡ ykxw dj jgh gSA 1990 ls igys Hkkjrh; jkT;lÙkk us ßdY;k.kdkjh jkT;Þ vkSj ßlektoknÞ dk udkc igu j[kk FkkA blds pyrs la'kksèkuokfn;ksa dk ljdkjh ßekDlZoknÞ dk ukVd vklkuh ls py ldrk FkkA ysfdu mnkjhdj.k&futhdj.k ds nkSj esa iw¡thoknh vFkZO;oLFkk dk rdZ gh la'kksèkuokfn;ksa dks viuk ;g Mªkek cUn djus ij etcw j dj jgk gS A mnkjhdj.k&futhdj.k dh uhfr;k¡ ykxw gksus ls ftl rjg ls lekt dk èkzoq hdj.k rst+ gks x;k gS] et+njw ksa ls muds cps&[kqps vf/kdkj Hkh Nhus tk jgs gS]a i+$DS Vfj;ksa esa N¡Vuh&rkykcUnh dk lkeuk et+njw ksa dks djuk iM+ jgk gS] NksVs ekfydksa dks vius mRiknu ds lk/kuksa ls gkFk /kksuk iM+ jgk gS] vehj&x+jhc dh [kkbZ ftl j¶+rkj ls vkSj xgjh vkSj pkSMh+ gksrh tk jgh gS] mlls bu uhfr;ksa dks ykxw dj ikuk bruk vklku ugha gSA ;s os dY;k.kdkjh uhfr;k¡ ugha gSa ftuds pyrs la'kks/kuoknh viuk iw¡thoknh psgjk fNik;s j[kus esa dke;kc gksrs FksA mnkjhdj.k&futhdj.k dh uhfr;ksa dks esgurd'k turk ds izfrjks/k dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA ,sls esa jkT;lÙkk dks dBksj neu dk lgkjk ysuk gh gksrk gSA lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ Hkh ;gh dj jgh gSA uUnhxzke vkSj flaxjw dh tks ?kVuk,¡ fiNys fnuksa v[k+ckjksa dh lqf[kZ;ksa esa jgh gS]a muls lki+$ gS fd iwt ¡ hoknh uhfr;k¡ ykxw djuk lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ dh etcwjh u gksdj mldk eq[; mís'; gh gSA ;g lkfcr gks pqdk gS fd lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ iwt ¡ hoknh O;oLFkk dh ,d oi+$knkj ikVhZ gSA vkt Hkkjrh; iwt ¡ hoknh lÙkk dk ,d lcls [kw[¡ kkj 'k[+l ujsUnz eksnh gS rks mldh gh cjkcjh ij cq)nso HkV~Vkpk;Z dk uke fy;k tk ldrk gSA xqtjkr esa 2002 esa gq, eqlyekuksa ds ujlagkj ds fy, ujsUnz eksnh us ßfØ;k&izfrfØ;kÞ dk fl)kUr is'k fd;k FkkA blh rjg ls cq)nso HkV~Vkpk;Z us uUnhxzke esa fiNys

fnuksa lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ ds dkMjksa }kjk viuh t+ehu t+cjnLrh Nhus tkus ds fo#) vkokt+ mBk jgs fonzkgs h fdlkuksa ds o+$Ry vkSj vkSjrksa ds lkFk cykRdkj dks tokch dkjZokbZ ds rkSj ij tk;t Bgjk;kA gkyk¡fd cq)nso ds rkt+k c;ku esa mlds }kjk lektokn dk R;kx bruk Li"V ugha gS] ysfdu os igys Hkh ,d c;ku ns pqds gSa ftlesa mUgksua s lki+$&lki+$ dgk Fkk fd lektokn dh ckrsa fli+$Z dkx+th+ ckrsa gS]a fodkl djuk gS rks iwt ¡ hokn t+:jh gSA dbZ lky igys T;ksfr clq us et+njw ksa dh ,d lHkk dks lEcksfèkr djrs gq, dgk Fkk fd VªMs &;wfu;usa gM+rkyksa vkfn ds tfj;s vc rd xq.MkxnhZ gh djrh vk;h gS]a fd vc mUgsa ft+Eesnkj joS;k viukuk pkfg,A bu lc ckrksa ls ;gh lkfcr gksrk gS fd lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ dk lektokn esa dksbZ fo'okl ugha gSA lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ fiNys yxHkx rhu n'kdksa ls if'pe caxky esa ljdkj pyk jgh gSA vxj lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ dHkh lPph dE;qfuLV ikVhZ gksrh rks ,slk lEHko gh dSls gks ikrkA ,d lPph dE;qfuLV ikVhZ dks iwt ¡ hoknh jkT;lÙkk bl Lrj ij ,d fnu Hkh eatjw ugha dj ldrh] tcfd Hkkjrh; iwt ¡ hifr rks lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ dh rkjhi+$as djrs ugha FkdrsA cq)nso rks mudh ut+j esa ,dek=k ßO;kogkfjd dE;qfuLVÞ gSAa vxj dksbZ lPph dE;qfuLV ikVhZ fdlh jkT; esa ljdkj cuk Hkh ysrh gS rks og ml jkT; esa lektokn ykxw djus dh dksf'k'k djsxh ¼tkss dsUnzh; jkT;lÙkk dks o+$rbZ eatjw u gksxk½ vkSj ØkfUrdkjh fopkj/kkjk vkSj vkUnksyu dks iwjs ns'k esa QSykus ds fy, th&tku yxk nsxhA ysfdu lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ ds ckjs esa ,slk dqN Hkh ns[kus&lquus dks ugha feyrkA bldh ljdkjsa tks dj jgh gS]a og lcds lkeus gSA bldk et+njw Ý.V ij laxBu ßlhVwÞ Hkh iwt ¡ hifr;ksa dh nykyh ds vykok vkSj dqN ugha djrkA et+njw ksa ds vknksyuksa dks fujk'kk esa Mqcks nsuk lhVw dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ

d+t+ZekQ+h dk ik[k.M--x;k gS tks futhdj.k&mnkjhdj.k dh izfØ;k dks vkSj rst+ dj nsxa As f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; {ks=k esa futh ns'kh vkSj fons'kh iwt ¡ h dh ?kqliSB ds jkLrs vkSj lqxe cuk fn;s x;s gSAa lkFk gh] mRikn 'kqYdksa esa dVkSrh dj vkVkseksckby vkSj nok m|ksx dks lhèkk rksgQk Hkh fn;k x;k gSA futh vLirkyksa dks ik¡p lkyksa rd izR;{k djksa esa iwjh rjg NwV nsdj muds lapkydksa dh >ksyh Hkj nh x;h gSA pqukoh ekSle esa fdlkuksa dh ;g o+$t+eZ ki+$h Hkh ml o+$t+eZ ki+$h dh rqyuk esa dqN ugha gS tks iwt ¡ hifr;ksa dks gj lky nh tkrh gS] tks lhèks&lhèks turk dh esgur dh dekbZ ij Mkdstuh gh gksrh gSA dsoy o"kZ 2005&2007 ds nks o"kksaZ ds chp gh iwt ¡ hifr;ksa ds 10]000 djksM+ #i;s ds o+$t+Zs eki+$ dj fn;s x;sA ;g ,deq'r o+$t+Z vnk;xh Ldhe ¼ou Vkbe lsVyes.V Ldhe½ ds rgr fd;k tkrk gSA bl ctV esa Hkh cM+s fdlkuksa dks blh Ldhe ds rgr i+$k;nk igqp¡ k;k x;k gSA 75 i+$hlnh o+$t+Zs

,deq'r tek djus ij cko+$h ds 25 i+$hlnh o+$t+Zs eki+$ djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh x;h gSA m|ksxifr;ksa ds fy, rks ;g Ldhe ,d rjg ls ckjgksa eghus pkyw jgrh gSA blds vykok ctV esa nfyrks]a vYila[;dks]a efgykvks]a cqtxq+ ksaZ vkfn ds fy, tks jkgrksa dh ?kks"k.kk,¡ dh x;h gS os oksVj iVkÅ ?kks"k.kk,¡ gSAa eè;oxZ dks vk;dj esa tks NwVsa nh x;h gSa os fpnEcje dh pqukoh esgjckuh ds vykok blfy, Hkh t+:jh gks x;h Fkha D;ksfa d vxj bl oxZ dh vk; ugha c<+xs h rks og y[kVfd;k dkjs]a u;s&u;s ekWMy dh eksVj lkbfdysa vkSj u;h&u;h foykflrk lkefxz;ksa dks dSls [kjhnsxk\ vkf[kj iwt ¡ hifr;ksa dh frtksf+ j;k¡ Hkjus ds fy, mud ekyksa dss [kjhnkj Hkh rks pkfg,! cko+$h] ns'k dh vU; x+jhc esgurd'k vkcknhµvkS|ksfxd et+nwjksa] [ksfrgj et+njw ksµ a ds fy, bl ctV esa >qu>quksa ds flok dqN Hkh ugha gSA iwt ¡ hifr;kssa ds

oi+$knkj pkdj fpnEcje ls bl ckjs esa mEehn Hkh ugha ikyuh pkfg,A vlaxfBr {ks=k ds et+njw ksa dh lkekftd lqj{kk ds fy, fdlh foèks;d ij pkj lkykas ls gYyk epk;k tk jgk gS ysfdu fpnEcje us bl ckjs esa ,d 'kCn Hkh ugha dgkA vycÙkk] jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkj.Vh ;kstuk ds ik[k.M dk foLrkj dj mls ns'kO;kih cuk fn;k x;k gSA dqy feykdj fpnEcje dk ;g ctV Hkh igys ctVksa dh gh rjg dkjiksjVs O;atu gh gSA pqukoh ekSle esa bl ckj mlesa fdlkuksa dk rM+d + k yxk fn;k x;k gSA oSls pquko ugha Hkh gksrk rks ,d gn rd ctV ij dY;k.kdkjh jaxjksxu djuk vkSj Hkwe.Myhdj.k dh izfØ;k ij ßekuoh; eq[kkSVkÞ yxkuk ljdkj dh t+:jr cu x;h FkhA lkjh nqfu;k esa vkt tks tuvlUrks"k c<+ jgk gS mls ns[krs gq, iw¡thoknh&lkezkT;oknh fl)kUrdkj vUèkkèkqUèk Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds ctk; ßekuoh;Þ Hkwe.Myhdj.k dh ulhgrsa ns

dke gSA ns'k Hkj esa lhVw }kjk cuk;s x;s n¶+rj dsl yM+us ds uke ij et+njw ksa ls iSls ,sBa us ds fy, nqdkusa Hkj gh gSAa 1871 esa Ýkal dh jkt/kkuh isfjl ds et+njw ksa us bfrgkl dh lcls igyh et+njw ksa dh jkT;lÙkk dh LFkkiuk dhA et+njw ksa dh bl izFke jkT;lÙkk dks isfjl dE;wu ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA ysfdu isfjl dE;wu egt+ 72 fnu fVd ldkA Ýkalhlh iwt ¡ hifr oxZ us vU; ns'kksa dh i+$kStksa dh enn ls cgqr gh [kw[¡ kkj rjho+$s ls isfjl dE;wu dks dqpy MkykA fo'o et+njw oxZ ds egku f'k{kd dkyZ ekDlZ us isfjl dE;wu ds iz;ksx ls ;g fupksM+ fudkyk fd et+njw oxZ viuh jkT;lÙkk LFkkfir djus ds fy, iwt ¡ hoknh jkT; e'khujh dk bLrseky ugha dj ldrkA mls viuh lÙkk LFkkfir djus ds fy, iwt ¡ hoknh jkT; e'khujh dks iwjh rjg ls rckg djuk gksxk o et+njw oxZ dks viuh jkT; e'khujh dh ljapuk djuh gksxhA lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ dkyZ ekDlZ dk uke rks jVrh gS] ^ØkfUr vej jgs* ds ukjs rks yxkrh gS ysfdu muds jkT; vkSj ØkfUr ds ckjs esa fl)kUrksa dks frykatfy ns pqdh gSA vc ;g ckr r; gS fd dsoy laln ;k fo/kkulHkkvksa ij o+$Ct+k dj ysues k=k ls gh jkT;lÙkk ij o+$Ct+k dj ysus ugha gksrk gS fd cko+$h dh jkT;e'khujh tSls i+$kSt] iqfyl U;k;ikfydk] tsy]as vi+$lj'kkgh vkfn rks lkjh iwt ¡ hokfn;ksa ds gh o+$Ct+s esa gSAa ,sls esa lalnh; ekxZ ij pyrs gq, lektokn esa izfrc)rk dh ckr djuk egt+ T+kcq kuh tek[k+pZ ugha rks vkSj D;k gSA lektokn u ykxw dj ikus esa dqN gh jkT;ksa esa ljdkjsa gksus dh etcwfj;k¡ fxukuk lh ih vkbZ ¼,e½ ds yhMjksa dh viuh ikVhZ ds bZekunkj cps jg x;s dkMjksa dks Qqlykus ds flok vkSj dqN ugha gSA vly ckr rks ;g gS fd vxj la'kks/kuokfn;ksa dh dsUnz vkSj lHkh jkT;ksa esa Hkh ljdkjsa cu tk;sa rc Hkh ;s iwt¡ hoknh uhfr;k¡ gh ykxw djsxa As jaxk fl;kj fnYyh esa cSBdj Hkh gqvk¡&gqvk¡ gh djsxk! µy[kfoUnj

jgs gSAa ctV ls ns'k ds dkjiksjVs txr esa tks FkksMh+ ek;wlh ut+j vk jgh gS mldk dkj.k dsoy ;g gS fd os fpnEcje ls igys ds ctVksa dh rjg NIijQkM+ rksgi+$s pkg jgs FksA ;g Hkh dksbZ vk'p;Ztud ckr ugha gSA ;g iwt ¡ hifr oxZ vkSj mldh eSufs tax desVh ds :i esa dke djus okyh ljdkj dk vUrjfojksèk gSA iwt ¡ hifr dks dsoy viuh dEiuh ds equki+$s dh fpUrk gksrh gS tcfd mudh ljdkjksa dks iwt¡ hoknh O;oLFkk dh fgi+$ktr djuh gksrh gSA mUgsa tuvlUrks"k dh vk¡p ij chp&chp esa ikuh ds NhaVs Hkh ekjus gksrs gSAa gkyk¡fd blls dHkh iwjh rjg dke pyrk ugha] blfy, bl vlUrks"k ds neu dh rS;kjh Hkh djuh iM+rh gSA fpnEcj us ctV esa bldk iwjk [;ky j[kk gSA blfy, ckº; lqj{kk ls fuiVus ds uke ij j{kk [kpksZa esa c<+ksÙkjh ds lkFk gh ^vkUrfjd lqj{kk* ds [krjksa ls fuiVus ds fy, iqfyl vkSj vèkZlSfud cyksa ds [kpksaZ ds enksa esa Hkh fny [kksydj iSls fn;s gSaA

6 ubZ lektoknh ØkfUr dk mn~?kks"kd fcxqy] ekpZ 2008

^iqjfc;k* esgurd'kksa ds f[k+yki+$ {ks=koknh eqfge--¼ist 1 ls vkxs½ leFkZu esa jkt Bkdjs vkSj cky Bkdjs ds f[kykQ dki+$h yky&ihys ut+j vk;sA mudh eq[; fpUrk ;g Fkh fd Bkdjs ifjokj {ks=kokn dh vkx HkM+dkdj fgUnqvksa dks ck¡V jgk gSA blh rjg Hkktik us vxj jkt Bkdjs ds f[kykQ dqN t+cq+ ku [kksyh Hkh rks dsoy blfy, fd egkjk"Vª esa f'kolsuk ds lkFk mldk pqukoh xBcUèku gS vkSj jkt Bkdjs f'kolsuk ds fy, ^oksVdVok* cu jgs gSA oSls] Hkktik us lkjs ekeys esa eq[;r% ^ujks ok dqatjks* okyk #[k gh vf[+r;kj fd;kA ^ejkBh ekuq " k* cuke mRrj Hkkjrh; fookn ds bl èkwy&èkDdM+ dks dsoy pqukoh jktuhfr ds nk¡o&?kkr dh lrg ij gh ugha ns[kuk pkfg,A njvly] pqukoh ikfVZ;kas dh ;g lkjh dok;n cqfu;knh eqíksa ij inkZ Mkyus ds fy, gS A njvly ns ' k es a Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds uke ij fiNys Ms<+ n'kdksa ls ns'kh&fons'kh iw¡th dh tks ccZj ywV tkjh gS mlls ns'k dh esgurd'k turk esa tks vkØks'k xgjk jgk gS mlds foLQksVd urht+ksa dks lkjh pqukoh ikfVZ;k¡ Hkk¡i jgh gSaA cqtqZvk oxZ ds reke fl)kUrdkj ljdkj pykus okyksa vkSj cqtqZvk ikfVZ;ksa dks bl elys ij vDlj psrkrs Hkh jgrs gSAa fodkl dh txex ehukjksa ds chp jlkry dh nqfu;k esa jgus dks

etcwj djksM+ksa esgurd'kksa dk xqLlk gqdwerh tekrksa dh vksj u eqM+ tk;s blfy, os mUgsa vkil esa gh yM+kus ds fy, pq u koh ikfVZ ; k¡ èkkfeZ d ] tkfrxr] Hkk"kkbZ] bykdkbZ eqíksa dks gok nsus esa tqVs gSAa [kqyh cqtv Zq k ikfVZ;ksa dh ckr NksM+ nhft,] vkye ;g gS fd if'pe caxky esa lh-ih-,e- dk ,d ea=kh caxkyh Hknz tuksa dh lHkk esa mudh lkaLd`frd Js"Brk vkSj ljyrk dk xq.kxku djrs gq, ekjokfM+;ksa ds dkb;kaiu ij cjlrk gS vkSj ui+$jr dk t+gj QSykrk gSA ladh.kZrkoknh jktuhfr dh ;s lkjh fo+$Lesa vkt ftl ladV dh t+ehu ij Qy&Qwy jgh gaS mls le>uk t+:jh gSA 1970 ds n'kd esa cky Bkdjs dh jktuhfr dk mRFkku Hkh ,sls gh ,d ladV dh t+ehu ij gqvk FkkA og nkSj Fkk vkt+knh ds LoIu Hkax dkA ns'k dh fefJr iw¡thoknh vFkZO;oLFkk xgjs ladVksa esa Q¡lh gqbZ FkhA vkS|ksfxd eUnh ds pyrs dy&dkj[kkus cUn gks jgs FksA urht+ru csjkstxkjh c<+ jgh Fkh] egaxkbZ c<+ jgh FkhA et+njw &fdlku turk ds lkFk gh eè;oxhZ; ;qokvksa dk vlUrks"k fgyksjsa ys jgk FkkAnÙkk lkeUr ds usr`Ro esa pyh diM+k feyksa dh yEch gM+rky dh foQyrk ds ckn 'kq: gq, N¡Vuh ds flyflys us ejkBh et+nwjksa vkSj fuEu eè;oxZ ds

>wB vkSj dqRlk&izpkj dh cqfu;kn ij [kM+h Qklhoknh jktuhfr gj fdLe dh Qklhoknh jktuhfr >wB vkSj dqRlk izpkj dh cqfu;kn ij gh fVdh gksrh gSA fgVyj vkSj mlds izpkj ea=kh xks;cYl dk ;g fQo+$jk rks lHkh tkurs gh gSa µß,d >wB dks lkS ckj cksyks rks og lp gks tk;sxkAÞ fgVyj ds ns'kh oa'ktksa us Hkh viuh jktuhfr dks vkxs c<+kus ds fy, rjg&rjg ds ^>wB&s lp* [kM+s fd;s gSAa ftl rjg fgUnqRo dh jktuhfr ds vyecjnkjksa us eqlyekuksa ds ckjs esa rjg&rjg ds >wBksa dks ^fgUnw tuekul* esa iSBk;k gS mlh rjg jkt Bkdjs&cky Bkdjs dh jktuhfr us Hkh ^Hkb;k yksxks*a ds ckjs esa rjg&rjg dh >wBh ckrsa ^ejkBh ekuql* ds eu esa iSBk;h gSAa dqN uewus nsf[k;s% ßmRrj Hkkjr ds yksx fcu cqyk;s pys vkrs gS]a ,d vkrk gS rks iwjk xk¡o vk tkrk gSA* ^mRrj Hkkjrh; jkbZ dk rsy bLrseky djrs gSa] flj esa pesyh dk rsy yxkrs gSa] iku [kkdj tgk¡ dgha Hkh eu gksrk gS] Fkwd nsrs gSAa * ^tks dke fn;k tkrk gS] ugha djrs gS]a vkylh gksrs gSa] vijkèkh vkSj cnek'k izd`fr ds gksrs gSaA* dqRlk izpkj dh bUrsgka nsf[k,! ;g izpkj fd;k tkrk gS fd HkS;k yksxksa ds T+;knkrj cPps voSèk gSa D;ksfa d muds firk 'kgjksa esa et+nwjh djus vkrs gSaA gn rks ;g gS fd ;gk¡ rd izpkfjr fd;k tkrk gS fd os tkuojksa ls ;kSu lEcUèk cukrs gSAa ftl rjg fgUnqRo fczxMsz ;g >wB izpkfjr djrh gS fd ns'k esa eqlyekuksa

dh la[;k rsth+ ls c<+ jgh gS mlh rjg eqEcbZ esa ;g izpkfjr fd;k tkrk gS fd ewy ejkfB;ksa dh la[;k mRrj Hkkjrh;ksa ls de gks jgh gSA lp ;g gS fd 1961 esa eqEcbZ esa ejkfB;ksa dh la[;k dqy vkcknh dh dsoy 34 Qhlnh Fkh tks vkt c<+dj lRrkou Qhlnh ls Åij gks x;h gSA VkVk baLVhV~;Vw vkWQ lks'ky lkbalst+ ds ,d vè;;u ds vuqlkj mupkl Qhlnh izoklh yksx mRiknu dk;ks± esa yxs gSaA nwljh vksj] vfèkd osru vkSj lqfoèkkvksa okys lQsniks'k dkeksa esa ejkfB;ksa dk gh opZLo gS tks x+jhc ^Hkb;k yksxksa* dks nqjnqjkrs jgrs gSAa mRrj Hkkjrh; usrkvksa ds ckjs esa Hkh rjg&rjg ds fdLls izpkfjr gSAa tSls fd jsy ea=kh ykyw izlkn ;kno vui<+ gSa vkSj fcgkj ds eq[;ea=kh uhrh'k dqekj izkQ s 's kuy xq.Ms gSAa mRrj Hkkjrh; usrk viuh nknkfxjh tekus ds fy, f'kokth ikdZ esa lHkk,¡ djrs gSa vkfnA blds vykok eqEcbZ dks ysdj Hkh dqN feFkd izpfyr gSAa elyu] ßeqEcbZ esa dksbZ nSoh 'kfDr gS ftlls ;gk¡ dh èkjrh ij iSlk mxrk gS] fudy tkvks vkSj iSlk bdV~Bk dj yksÞA bl ^feFkd* dk izHkko ;g gS fd iq.ks] ukfld vkfn 'kgjksa ds csjkstxkj ejkBh ;qok ;g lkspus yxs gSa fd eqEcbZ dh tks nkSyr muds fy, gS ml ij ^HkS;k yksx* dkfct gSAa ,sls fujk'k ;qok tks dy rd f'ko lsuk ds lkFk Fks vkt vPNh rknkn es a jkt Bkdjs dh uofuekZ.k lsuk ls tqM+ jgs gSaA

vU; esgurd'k yksxksa ds eu esa xSj ejkBh et+nwjksa ds izfr dMqvkgV vkSj vyxko dh Hkkouk iSnk djus ds fy, ekdwy t+ehu eqgS;k djk;h FkhA blh ekgkSy esa csjkstxkj eè;oxhZ; ejkBh ;qodksa dks ckyBkdjs ds ukjs viuh vksj [khap jgs FksA 1970 ds n'kd dh eqEcbZ vkSj cky Bkdjs dh jktuhfr ds mRFkku dks ge blh i`"BHkwfe esa le> ldrs gSaA vkt Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds nkSj esa ^jkstxkj foghu fodkl* bl vyxko ds fy, ,d u;h t+ehu eqgS;k djk jgk gSA lHkh vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa esa ewyfuoklh et+njw ksa vkSj izoklh et+njw ksa ds chp vUnj gh vUnj dM+qvkgV dh Hkkouk iui jgh gSA et+nwjksa ds oxhZ; vkUnksyu ds det+ksj gksus ds pyrs ewyfuoklh et+njw vius jkstxkj dh vfu'prrk vkSj ft+Unxh dh c<+rh nq'okfj;ksa ds fy, iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk dks nks"kh le>us ds ctk; izoklh et+njw ksa dks le> jgs gSAa cqtv Zq k pqukoh ikfVZ;k¡ pqukoh ykHk cVksjus dh uh;r ls gh ugha turk ds chp ds bl vUrjfojksèk dks mHkkM+ jgh gSaA mudh ,drk ds jkLrs esa #dkoVsa [kMah dj os iw¡thokn dh Hkh fgQktr dj jgh gSaA jkt Bkdjs&cky Bkdjs tSls yksx Hkh ;gh dj jgs gSaA ewyfuoklh et+nwjksa vkSj izoklh et+nwjksa ds chp ds bl vUrjfojksèk

dks vkt iwt ¡ hoknh 'kkld lewph nqfu;k esa gok ns jgs gSaA blds vyx&vyx :i gSaA ,d ns'k ds Hkhrj fofHkUu bykdksa o jk"Vªh;rkvksa ds chp ds vUrjfojksèkksa dks mHkkM+us ds lkFk gh ,d ns'k ds ewyfuoklh et+nwjksa vkSj nwljs ns'k ;k egk}hi ds izoklh et+njw ksa ds chp ds vUrjfojksèkksa dks Hkh [kw+c gok nh tk jgh gSA vkt lewps ;wjksi vkSj vesfjdk esa ogk¡ ds 'kkld ,f'k;kbZ] ykfru vesfjdh] ;k vÝ+hdh ewy ds izoklh et+nwjksa ds f[kyki+$ ewyfuoklh et+nwjksa ds eu esa ui+$jr ds cht cks jgs gSa D;ksafd ogk¡ Hkh c<+rh csjkstxkjh vkSj fofHkUu ukxfjd lqfoèkkvksa dh dVkSfr;k¡ tuvlUrks"k dks tUe ns jgh gSAa ftl rjg iwt ¡ hokn dk ladV Hkwe.MyO;kih gks x;k gS mlh rjg vkt lewps Hkwe.My ds Lrj ij ewyfuoklh vkSj vkizoklh et+nwjksa ds chp ds vyxko iSnk dj esgurd'k oxksZa dh ,drk dks rksM+us dh dksf'k'ksa Hkh rst+ gks x;h gSaA vkt ds fo'oO;kih iwt ¡ hoknh ladV dh blh t+ehu ij [kM+s gksdj vyx&vyx ;wjksih; ns'kksa esa Qklhokn dh u;h&u;h fo+$Lesa iSnk gks jgh gSaA vkt Hkkjr es]a ckr dsoy egkjk"Vª dh gh ugha gSA iatkc esa Hkh iatkch et+nwjksa vkSj izoklh et+nwjksa ds chp vyxko iSnk djus dh dksf'k'ksa iwt ¡ hifr vkSj cqtqZvk usrk yxkrkj djrs jgrs

gSaA dqN le; igys vle esa fcgkjh et+nwjksa ij gq, geyksa dh ckr gks ;k mldh izfrfØ;k ds uke ij fcgkj esa vlfe;k Vsªsu ;kf=k;ksa ds Åij gq, geysµ;s lkjh dkjxqtk+ fj;k¡ esgurd'k tuksa dh ,drk dks det+ksj cukus ds fy, gh dh tkrh gSaA dgus dh t+ : jr ugha fd ladh.kZrkoknh QkflLV jktuhfr dh reke fdLekssa ds Qyus&Qwyus dk ,d vge dkj.k ns'k esa ØkfUrdkjh et+njw vkUnksyu dk det+ksj gksuk gS ftlls et+nwjksa dh oxhZ; psruk vkt nch gqbZ gSA tgk¡ dgha Hkh et+njw ksa dh oxhZ; ykecUnh dh dksf'k'ksa gksrh gSa] izoklh vkSj ewyfuoklh et+nwjksa ds chp ds iSnk fd;s tk jgs ;s uo+$yh c¡Vokjsa ls tw>uk iM+rk gSA ysfdu vxj /kS;Z ds lkFk jpukRed rjhds ls dksf'k'ksa dh tk;sa rks ,dk dk;e djuk vlEHko Hkh ughaA 'kkld oxZ yk[k dksf'k'ksa dj ys] et+nwj viuh oxhZ; igpku ugha Hkwy ldrkA et+njw ksa dh oxhZ; ,dk dk;e djus djus ds fy, et+njw ksa ds vkfFkZd eqíksa ij la?k"kZ dks rst+ djus ds lkFk gh gesa jktuhfrd izpkj Hkh rst+ djuk gksxkA D;ksafd et+nwjksa ds ØkfUrdkjh oxZ ls?k"kZ ds jkLrs ls gh ns'k esa Qklhoknh jktuhfr dh reke fo+$Leksa ds ealwcksa dks uko+$ke fd;k tk ldrk gSA

iw¡thifr oxZ dh reke pkysa et+nwjksa dh oxhZ; ,dtqVrk dks ugha jksd ldrha vleku fodkl iw¡thokn dh fo'ks"krk gSA ;g ,d ns'k ds Hkhrj Hkh gksrk gS rFkk fo'o Lrj ij HkhA iwt ¡ hifr;ksa dks ns'k ds lEiw.kZ vkSj leku fodkl dh fi+$ØeUnh ugha gksrhA mudh igyh vkSj vkf[k+jh fpUrk gksrh gS viuk equki+$k c<+kus dhµpkgs tSls eqefdu gksA blhfy, iw¡thifr mUgha txgksa ij iw¡th yxkuk ilUn djrs gSa tgk¡ iwt ¡ hfuos'k ds fy, csgrj gkykr] ;kuh dPps eky dh vkiwfrZ] rS;kj eky ds fy, ckt+kj vkfn gksrs gSaA blds dkj.k ns'k ds Hkhrj iw¡th dk dqNd s vkS|ksfxd uxjksa ds bnZfxnZ ladUs nz.k gksrk tkrk gS vkSj ns'k ds cko+$h+ bykds lLrs Je dh vkiwfrZ ds bykds cu tkrs gSaA fiNys lkB o"kksZa esa ns'k esa iw¡thoknh fodkl dh blh izfØ;k us iwohZ mRrj izns'k] fcgkj] eè; izns'k] NRrhlx<+] >kj[k.M vkfn fiNM+h [ksrh okys bykdksa dks yscj lIyk;j {ks=k esa cny fn;k gSA bu bykdksa ls Hkkjh la[;k esa et+njw vkcknh vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa ;k fodflr [ksrh okys bykdksa dh vksj izokl ;k iyk;u djrh jgrh gSA Hkwe.Myhdj.k us bl izfØ;k dks rst+ dj fn;k gSA ;gh vleku fodkl gesa fo'o Lrj ij Hkh fn[kk;h nsrk gSA ,d rji+$ fodflr iw¡thoknh ns'k gSa] tgk¡ iw¡th dk vR;kfèkd ladsUnz.k gS] rks nwljh rjQ rhljh nqfu;k ds fiNM+s iwt ¡ hoknh ns'k gSa tks dHkh lkezkT;oknh ns'kksa ds mifuos ' k] v)Z m ifuos ' k ;k uo mifuos'k jg pqds gSAa bl vkSifuosf'kd xqykeh us bu ns'kksa ds iwt ¡ hoknh fodkl

dks rjg&rjg ls ckfèkr fd;kA vkSifuosf'kd x+qykeh ls eqfDr ds ckn Hkh bu ns ' kks a es a lkez k T;oknh 'kks"k.k&mRihM+u dk flyflyk Fkek ugha] cl mlds :i cny x;sA urht+ru ;gk¡ LoLFk iw¡thokn fodflr ugha gks ldkA ;gk¡ ,d chekj&vikfgt iwt ¡ hokn iuikµvkSifuosf'kd x”qykeh ls iSnk gqvk ,d ,slk iwt ¡ hokn ftls tokuh esa gh cq<+kis ds jksx yx x;s FksA ;gk¡ mRiknd 'kfDr;ksa dk fodkl vkt Hkh lkezkT;oknh&fodflr iwt ¡ hoknh ns'kksa ds eqd”kcys n'kdksa ihNs gSA blh dkj.k vkt Hkh lkezkT;oknh ns'kksa ds fy, vÝ+hdk] ykfru vesfjdk vkSj ,f'k;k ds fiNM+s ns'k lLrs dPps ekyksa rFkk lLrh Je'kfDr dk eq[; Lkzkrs cus gq, gSAa iz o klh et+ n w j ks a dks ys d j iw¡thokn ges'kk ,d fofp=k nqfoèkk ds chp Q¡lk jgrk gSA mls lLrs et+nwj Hkh pkfg, ysfdu fofHkUu bykdsa ds et+nwjksa dh ,dtqVrk ls og Mjrk Hkh jgrk gSA fiNM+s bykdksa] ns'kksa ds et+nwj tc mUur mRiknd 'kfDr;ksa] mUur lH;rk vkSj laLd`fr ds et+nwjksa ds lEidZ esa vkrs gSa rks muds vUnj O;kid oxhZ; ,dtqVrk dk vkèkkj et+cwr gksrk gSA vkt] tc et+nwj vkUnksyu det+ksj gS rc 'kkld oxksZa dh jktuhfr mUgsa tkfr] èkeZ] bykdk] Hkk"kk] laLd`fr esa ck¡Vus esa dke;kc gks jgh gS ysfdu iw¡thokn vUrr% viuh fi+$rjr vkSj mlls iS n k gks u s okyh t+ : jrks a ls ekr [kk;sxkA ;g viuh dcz [kksnus okyksa

dks yxkrkj iSnk djrk tk jgk gS vkSj mUgsa Hkk"kk] uLy] jk"Vªh;rk ds fdlh Hksn ds cxSj ,d tSlh thou ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa èkdsy dj nqfu;k Hkj ds et+nwjksa dks ,dtqV Hkh dj jgk gSA fo'o iwt ¡ hokn ds dsUnzkas ij bdV~Bk gks jgs vkèkqfud le; ds ;s mtjrh xqyke ,d fnu viuh ,drk dk okLrfod vkèkkj igpkus a x s vkS j iw¡thokn dks mldh dcz esa igq¡pk nsaxsA ;gh mldh ,sfrgkfld fu;fr gSA vkt [kqn iw¡thokn us gh bldh igys ls vfèkd iq[+rk t+ehu rS;kj dj nh gSA

ßyks x ks a dks ijLij yM+us ls jksdus ds fy, oxZ psruk dh t+:jr gSA xjhc esgurd'k o fdlkuksa dks Li"V le>k nssuk pkfg, fd rqEgkjs vlyh nq'eu iw¡thifr gSa] blfy, rq E gs a buds gFkd.Mksa ls cpdj jguk pkfg, vkSj buds gRFks p<+ dq N u djuk pkfg,AÞ Hkxrflag] µHkxrfla ^lkEiznkf;d naxs vkSj mudk bykt* ls

ubZ lektoknh ØkfUr dk mn~?kks"kd fcxqy] ekpZ 2008

7

isfjl dE;wu dh LFkkiuk dh 137oha o"kZxk¡B ¼18 ekpZ½ ds volj ij ß- - - Ý+kal ds gh ugha] vfirq lkjs fo'o ds loZgkjk isfjl dE;wu ds dk;ZdÙkkZvksa dk vius iwoZxkfe;ksa ds :i esa D;ksa lEeku djrs gSa\ vkSj dE;wu dh /kjksgj D;k gS\ dE;wu dk tUe Lor%LQwrZ :i ls gqvkA mls fdlh us Hkh fu;ksftr sys x;s d"V] loZgkjk oxZ ds chp csjkst+xkjh rFkk NksVs cqtqZvk oxZ ds chp rckgh( Åijh oxksaZ ds fo#) rFkk ?kksj v{kerk iznf'kZr djusokys vfèkdkfj;ksa ds fo#) tulk/kj.k dk jks"k] viuh fLFkfr ls vlarq"V rFkk fHkUu lkekftd O;oLFkk ds fy, iz;Ru'khy et+njw oxZ ds chp /kq/a kyh&lh cspSuh( tuar=k dh fu;fr ds ckjs esa vk'kadk,a mRiUu djusokyh jk"Vªh; lHkk dk izfrfØ;koknh Lo:iµ;s lc rFkk nwljs cgqr&ls dkj.k isfjl dh vkcknh dks 18 ekpZ dh ØkfUr dh vksj èkdsyus ds fy, lw=kc) gks x;s] ftlus lÙkk dks vizR;kf'kr :i ls jk"Vªh; xkMZ ds gkFkksa esa] et+nwj oxZ rFkk mlls fey tkusokys VqViqaft;k oxZ ds gkFkksa esa lkSai fn;k FkkA ;g bfrgkl esa vHkwriwrZ ?kVuk FkhA ml le; rd lÙkk vke rkSj ij t+ehankjksa rFkk iwt ¡ hifr;ksa ds] ;kus muds fo'oluh; yksxksa ds gkFkksa esa gksrh Fkh] ftUgsa ysdj mldk xBu gksrk Fkk] ftls ljdkj dgrs FksA ysfdu 18 ekpZ dh ØkfUr ds mijkar] tc Jh fFk;sj dh ljdkj vius lSfud] iqfyl rFkk vi+$ljksa dks ysdj isfjl ls Hkkx x;h Fkh] turk fLFkfr dh Lokeh cu x;h rFkk lÙkk loZgkjk oxZ ds gkFkksa esa igq¡p x;hA ijUrq vk/kqfud lekt esa loZgkjk oxZ dk] ftls iw¡th vkfFkZd n`f"V ls viuk nkl cukdj j[krh gS] jktuhfrd n`f"V ls rc rd izHkqRo ugha gks ldrk] tc rd og mu t+t a hjksa dks ugha rksM+ nsrk] tks mls iw¡th ds lkFk ck¡/kdj j[krh gSAa blh dkj.k ;g vko';d Fkk fd dE;wu dk vkanksyu vo';aHkkoh :i ls lektoknh jax xzg.k djrk] ;kus cqtqZvk oxZ ds izHkqRo dks] iw¡th ds izHkqRo dks myV nsus rFkk ledkyhu lkekftd O;oLFkk dh Bhd cqfu;knksa dks u"V dj nsus ds iz;Ru 'kq: djrkA 'kq:&'kq: esa ;g vkanksyu ?kksj my>uHkjk] vfuf'pr FkkA mlesa os ns'kHkDr Hkh 'kkfey gq,] ftUgsa vk'kk Fkh fd dE;wu teZuksa ds lkFk ;q) fQj ls 'kq: dj nsxk] mls lQy lekiu rd igqp¡ k;sxkA mldk NksVs nqdkunkjksa us Hkh leFkZu fd;k] ftuds rckg gks tkus dk [krjk Fkk] vxj o+$tksZa rFkk edku&HkkM+s dk Hkqxrku eqYroh u fd;k tkrk¼bUgsa eqYroh djus ls ljdkj us budkj dj fn;k Fkk] ijarq dE;wu us dj fn;k Fkk½A vkf[kjh pht+] 'kq:&'kq: esa dE;wu dks ,d gn rd cqtqZvk tura=kokfn;ksa dh lgkuqHkwfr Hkh izkIr Fkh] ftUgsa Hk; Fkk fd izfrfØ;koknh jk"Vªh; lHkk ¼ßxaokjÞ] og'kh t+ehankj½ jktra=k dh iqu%LFkkiuk dj nsxh A ijarq bl vkanksyu esa eq[; Hkwfedk fuLlansg et+nwjksa ¼[k+kl rkSj ij isfjl ds dkjhxjksa½ us vnk dh] ftuds chp f}rh; lkezkT; ds vafre lkyksa esa lfØ;

dE;wu dh Le`fr esa lektoknh izpkj fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj ftuesa ls cgqr&ls baVjus'kuy rd esa FksA dsoy et+njw gh var rd dE;wu ds izfr oi+$knkj jgsA cqtv Zq k tura=koknh rFkk VqViqaft;kbZ mlls 'kh?kz vyx gks x;s µ igys vka n ks y u ds ØkfUrdkjh&lektoknh] loZgkjk Lo:i dks ns[kdj Hk;Hkhr gks x;s ( nwljksa us ml le; mlls ukrk rksM+ fn;k] tc mUgks a u s ns [ kk fd mldh ijkt; vo';aHkkoh gSA dsoy Ý+kla hlh loZgkjk fuHkhZdrkiwoZd] vFkd :i ls viuh ljdkj dk leFkZu djrs jgs] vdsys os mlds fy,] ;kus et+nwj oxZ dh eqfDr ds /;s; ds fy,] reke esgurd'kksa ds okLrs mTToy Hkfo"; ds fy, yM+s vkSj ej&feVsA vius Hkw r iw o Z lkfFk;ks a }kjk ifjR;Dr] leFkZu ls oafpr dE;wu dh ijkt; vifjgk;Z FkhA Ý+kal ds lkjs cqtqZvk] lkjs t+ehankj] 'ks;j&nyky] dkj[k+kusnkj] lkjs NksVs&cM+s Mkdw] lkjs 'kks"kd mlds fo#) ,sD;c) gks x;sA fcLekdZ dk ¼ftUgksua s ,d yk[k Ý+kla hlh ;q)canh ØkfUrdkjh isfjl dks dqpyus ds fy, NksM+ fn;s Fks½ leFkZu izkIr ;g cqtqZvk x¡BtksM+ tkfgy fdlkuksa rFkk izkarh; VqViqaft;k yksxksa dks isfjl ds loZgkjk oxZ ds fo#) dj nsus vkSj vk/ks isfjl ds pkjksa vksj i+$kSyknh ?ksjk cukus esa lQy gks x;k ¼cko+$h vk/kk isfjl teZu lsuk }kjk ?ksj fy;k x;k Fkk½A Ý+kla ds dqN cM+s 'kgjksa ¼eklsYZ t+] fy;ka] lsar&,sfr;sa] fntka] vkfn½ esa Hkh et+nwjksa us lÙkk Nhuus] dE;wu dh mn~?kks"k.kk djus rFkk isfjl dh enn ds fy, igq¡pus dk iz;Ru fd;k] ijarq ;s iz;Ru 'kh?kz vlQyrk ds lkFk lekIr gks x;sA loZgkjk fonzkgs dk lcls igys >aMk cqyan djusokys isfjl dks viuh gh 'kfDr ds lgkjs jgus ds fy, NksM+ fn;k x;k vkSj mldk fouk'k gksuk vo';aHkkoh FkkA fot;h lkekftd ØkfUr ds fy, de ls de nks 'krks± dh iwfrZ vko';d gks r h gS µ vfr fodflr mRiknd 'kfDr;k¡ rFkk loZgkjk dh rS;kjhA ijarq 1871 esa bu nksuksa 'krks± dh iwfrZ dk vHkko FkkA Ý+kla hlh iwt ¡ hokn vHkh de fodflr Fkk rFkk Ý+kal ml le; eq [ ;r% Vq V iq a f t;kb;ks a ¼dkjhxjks a ] fdlkuks]a nqdkunkjks]a vkfn½ dk ns'k FkkA nwljh vksj ogka et+nwjksa dh dksbZ ikVhZ ugha Fkh] rS;kj rFkk yacs le; ls izf'kf{kr et+nwj oxZ ugha Fkk] ftlds cM+s Hkkx dks vHkh vius dk;ZHkkj rFkk mudh iwfrZ ds lk/ku o+$rbZ Li"V ugha fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA u dksbZ egRoiw.kZ loZgkjk jktuhfrd la x Bu Fkk vkS j u 'kfDr'kkyh VsªM&;wfu;usa rFkk lgdkjh lfefr;ka--ijarq ml le; dE;wu ds ikl ftl eq[; oLrq dk vHkko Fkk] og Fkk oD+r] vkxs&ihNs ut++j nkSM+kus] vius dk;ZØe dh iwfrZ dk chM+k mBkus dh i+$qjlr A og dke esa tqV Hkh u ik;k

Oyk- b- ysfuu Fkk fd oslkZbZ esa teh rFkk iwjs cqtqZvk oxZ }kjk lefFkZr ljdkj us isfjl ds fo#) ;q) dh dkjZokb;ka 'kq: dj nhaA dE;wu dks lcls igys vkRe&j{kk ds ckjs esa lkspuk iM+kA Bhd var rd] 21&28 ebZ rd mls vkSj fdlh ckjs esa lathnxh ls lkspus dk ekSo+$k gh ugha feykA fQj Hkh bu izfrdwy voLFkkvksa ds ckotwn] vius vYidkfyd vfLrRo ds ckotwn dE;wu dqN ix mBkus esa lQy jgk] tks mlds okLrfod egRo rFkk mís';ksa dks vfHkyf{kr djrs gSaA dE;wu us LFkk;h lsuk] lÙkk/kkjh oxks± ds gkFkksa ds bl nkuoh vL=k ds LFkku ij iwjh turk dks gfFk;kjcan fd;kA mlus /keZ dks jkT; ls i`Fkd djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh] /kkfeZd iaFkksa dks jkT; ls nh tkus o kyh /kujkf'k;ka ¼;kus iqjksfgr&iknfj;ksa dks jktdh; osru½ can dj nha] turk dh f'k{kk dks lgh vFkks± esa /keZfujis{k cuk fn;k vkSj bl rjg pksx+k/kkjh iqfylokyksa ij djkjk izgkj fd;kA fo'kq) :i ls lkekftd {ks=k esa dE;wu cgqr de gkfly dj ik;k] ijarq ;g cgqr de Hkh turk dh] et+nwjksa dh ljdkj ds :i esa mldk Lo:i cgqr lki+$ rkSj ij mtkxj djrk gSA ukuckb;ksa dh nqdkuksa esa jkf=k&Je ij ikcanh yxk nh x;h ( tqekZus dh iz.kkyh dk] tks et+njw ksa ds lkFk dkuwuh :i izkIr MdSrh Fkh] [k+kRek dj fn;k x;kA vkf[kjh pht] og izfl) vkKfIr tkjh dh x;h] ftlds vuqlkj ekfydksa }kjk ifjR;Dr vFkok can fd;s x;s lkjs fey&dkj[kkus vkSj odZ'kki mRiknu fQj ls 'kq: djus ds fy, et+nwj vkVsZyksa dks lkSai fn;s x;sA vkSj ekuks lPph tuoknh] loZgkjk ljdkj ds vius Lo:i ij tksj nsus ds gsrq dE;wu us ;g funsZ'k fn;k fd leLr iz'kklfud rFkk ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa ds osru et+nwj dh lkekU; mtjr ls vf/kd ugha gksaxs vkSj fdlh Hkh lwjr esa 6000 Ý+kal ¼200 :cy ls de izfr ekl½ izfr o"kZ ls T;knk ugha gksaxsA bl reke ixksa us i;kZIr Li"Vrk ds lkFk ;g fn[kk fn;k fd dE;wu turk dh x+qykeh vkSj 'kks"k.k ij vkèkkfjr iqjkuh nqfu;k ds fy, ?kkrd [k+rjk FkkA blh dkj.k cqtqZvk lekt rc rd pSu eglwl ugha dj ldk] tc rd isfjl dh uxj nwek ij loZgkjk oxZ dk yky >aMk Qgjkrk jgkA vkSj tc laxfBr ljdkjh 'kfDr;ka ØkfUr dh cqjh rjg laxfBr 'kfDr;ksa

ij gkoh gksus esa lQy gks x;ha] rks teZuksa }kjk ijkftr vkSj ijkLr ns'kHkkb;ksa ds fo#) tokaenhZ fn[kkusokus cksukikrZ ds tujyksa] bu Ý+kalhlh jsUusudkai+$ksa vkSj esYysj&tkdksefs YLd;ksa us ,slk ujlagkj vk;ksftr fd;k] tSlk isfjl us igys dHkh ugha ns[kk FkkA yxHkx 30]000 isfjlokfl;ksa dks u`'kal flikfg;ksa us xksfy;ksa ls Hkwu Mkyk] yxHkx 45]000 fxj¶rkj fd;s x;s] ftuesa ls cgqrksa dks ckn esa ekSr dh lt+k nh x;h] gtkjksa dks dkyk ikuh dh ltk nh x;h rFkk [kkl bykdksa esa clk;k x;kA isfjl dqy feykdj vius yxHkx ,d yk[k csV&s csfV;ksa ls gkFk / kks cSBk] ftuesa lkjs O;olk;ksa ds loksÙZ ke etnwj Hkh FksA cqtZqvk oxZ dks larks"k gks x;kA ßvc geus lektokn dks yacs vlsZ ds fy, fBdkuss yxk fn;k gS]Þ mlds usrk] jDrfiiklq ckSuk fFk;sj [+kwu dh unh cgkus ds ckn cksy]s ftlesa mUgksua s rFkk muds tujyksa us isfjl ds loZgkjk oxZ dks Mqcks fn;k FkkA ijarq bu cqtZqvk dkSvksa us O;FkZ gh dka;&dka; dhA dE;wu ds dqpys tkus ds ckn dksbZ N% lky ds Hkhrj gh] tc dE;wu ds vusd flikgh vHkh tsyksa esa ;k fuokZlu esa ;a=k.kk Hkqxr jgs Fks] Ý+kal esa ,d u;k etnwj vkanksyu mBk [kM+k gqv q kA vius iwooZ frZ;ksa ds vuqHko ls le`)] ysfdu mudh ijkt; ls ys'kek=k fu#Rlkfgr u gksuos kyh ,d u;h lektoknh ih<+h us ml >aMs dks mBk fy;k] tks dE;wu ds flikfg;ksa ds gkFk ls uhps fxj x;k FkkA mlus ml >aMs dks fo'okliwoZd idM+k vkSj og ßlkekftd ØkfUr ft+Unkckn! dE;wu ftankckn!Þ dk

flagukn djrs gq, lkgliwoZd vkxs c<+hA vkSj dqNd s lky ckn u;h et+njw ikVhZ rFkk ml }kjk iwjs ns'k esa 'kq: fd;s x;s vkanksyu us dE;wuokyksa dks] tks vc Hkh ljdkj ds gkFkksa esa Fks] fjgk djus ds fy, lÙkk/kkjh oxksaZ dks foo'k fd;kA dE;wu ds flikfg;ksa dk Lej.k djrs gq, mudk Ý+kal ds et+nwj gh ugha] vfirq iwjs lalkj ds loZgkjk lEeku djrs gaSA blfy, fd dE;wu us fdlh LFkkuh; vFkok ladh.kZ jk"Vªh; dk;ZHkkj ds fy, ugha] vfirq iwjh esgurd'k ekuotkfr] leLr in&nfyrksa rFkk mRihfM+rksa dh eqfDr ds fy, yM+kbZ dh FkhA lkekftd ØkfUr ds fy, lcls vxzxkeh ;ks)k ds :i esa dE;wu us ogka loZ=k lgkuqHkwfr izkIr dh gS] tgka dgha nq[k >syrk rFkk la?k"kZ djrk loZgkjk oxZ gSA mldk thou&ej.k] et+nwjksa dh ljdkj] ftlus nqfu;k dh jkt/kkuh dks Nhudj nks ekg ls Åij vius gkFkksa esa j[kk] loZgkjk dk ohjrkiw.kZ la?k"kZ rFkk viuh ijkt; ds ckn ml }kjk >syh x;h ;a=k.kk,aµbu lcus yk[kksa&yk[k et+nwjksa ds eu dks rjafxr fd;k] muesa vk'kk txkk;h rFkk lektokn ds fy, mudh lgkuqHkfwr vftZr dhA isfjl esa rksiksa dh xtZu us loZgkjk oxZ dh lcls fiNM+h Jsf.k;ksa dks xgjh uha n ls txk;k rFkk ØkfUrdkjh&lektoknh izpkj dh laof` ) dks laosx iznku fd;kA blh dkj.k dE;wu dk /;s; ejk ugha( og vkt rd geesa ls izR;sd esa thfor gSA dE;wu dk /;s;µ;g lkekftd ØkfUr dk /;s;] esgurd'kksa dh iw.kZ jktuhfrd rFkk vkfFkZd eqfDr dk è;s; gS] ;g iwjh nqfu;k ds loZgkjk oxZ dk /;s; gSA vkSj bl vFkZ esa og vej gSAÞ 15¼28½ vizSy] 1911 dks izdkf'kr

ßiw ¡ t hoknh lekt ,d Hk;kud Tokykeq [ kh ds eq a g ij cS B dj ja x js f y;ka euk jgk gS Þ

ß;g Hk;kud vlekurk vkSj tcnZLrh yknk x;k HksnHkko nqfu;k dks ,d cgqr cM+h mFky&iqFky dh vksj fy;s tk jgk gSA ;g fLFkfr vfèkd fnuksa rd dk;e ugha jg ldrhA Li"V gS fd vkt dk èkfud lekt ,d Hk;kud Tokykeq[kh ds eagq ij cSBdj jaxjsfy;ka euk jgk gS vkSj 'kks"kdksa ds eklwe cPps rFkk djksMk+ a s 'kksf"kr yksx ,d Hk;kud [kM~M dh dxkj ij py jgs gSaAÞ

------ßØkfUr ls gekjk eryc vUrrksxRok ,d ,slh lekt&O;oLFkk dh LFkkiuk ls gS tks bl izdkj ds ladVkas ls cjh gksxh vkSj ftlesa loZgkjk oxZ dk vkfèkiR; loZekU; gksxkA vkSj ftlds QyLo:i LFkkfir gksus okyk fo'o&la?k ihfM+r ekuork dks iwt ¡ hokn ds cUèkuksa ls vkSj lkezkT;oknh ;q) dh rckgh ls NqVdkjk fnykus esa leFkZ gks ldsxkAÞ

8 ubZ lektoknh ØkfUr dk mn~?kks"kd fcxqy] ekpZ 2008 ukjh lHkk

vUrjjk"Vªh; efgyk fnol ¼8ekpZ½ ds volj ij vDVwcj 1917 esa :l ds et+njw oxZ }kjk jktuhfrd lÙkk vius gkFkksa esa ysus vkSj lksfo;r lÙkk ds fuekZ.k ds ckn iM+us okys igys vUrjjk"Vªh; efgyk fnol 8 ekpZ ds volj ij Hkk"k.k nsrs gq, ysfuu us dgk Fkk] ß---fL=k;ksa dks jktuhfr esa [khaps fcuk turk dks jktuhfr esa ugha [khapk tk ldrk] D;ksafd ekuotkfr dh vkèkh L=kh&vkcknh iw¡thokn ds rgr nqxquh mRihfM+r gSA et+njw vkSj fdlku vkSjrsa iwt ¡ h }kjk mRihfM+r gksrh gSa vkSj mlds vykok lokZfèkd tuoknh tura=kksa esa Hkh ,d rks mUgsa fupys ntsZ dh fLFkfr izkIr gS] D;ksafd o+$kuwu mudks iq#"kksa ds lkFk lekurk ugha nsrk vkSj nwljs] tks loZiez [q k ckr gS] os ß?kjsyw xqykehÞ esa Q¡lh jgrh gSa] os ?kjsyw x+qyke gSa] jlksbZ?kj ds lokZfèkd rqPN] lokZfèkd #fpghu] lokZfèkd dBksj rFkk lokZfèkd mckÅ dke esa vkSj ?kjsyw] ikfjokfjd [k+p&Z opZ esa my>dj os fil tkrh gSAa Þ vkt Hkkjrh; lekt esa ns'k dh vkèkh vkcknhµfL=k;ksa dh vkcknh µbl nksgjh xqykeh dh ta+thjksa esa tdM+h gqbZ gSA Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds bl nkSj es]a fL=k;k¡ iw¡thifr;ksa ds fy, Je dh e.Mh esa fcdus okyh lLrh eky gSaA tSls&tSls foKku vkSj rduksykth mUur gksrh x;h gS iw¡thokn ds fy, fL=k;k¡ vkSj cPps Je'kfDr dk lcls lLrk Lkzksr cu pqdh gSaA flys&flyk;s diM+ksa dk fu;kZ r djus okyh dEifu;ks a ] lwpuk&rduksykWth {ks=k es]a vkSj vusd ,sls m|ksxksa esa tgk¡ vfèkdre ;a=khdj.k vkSj Je foHkktu gS iw¡thifr fL=k;ksa dks izkFkfedrk esa dke ij j[krs gSaA gekjk lkekftd
^fL=k;ksa dks jktuhfr esa [khapuk gksxk!* nwljh vksj] ^?kjsyw xqykeh]* ftldk bfrgkl gt+kjksa lky iqjkuk gS] tcls futh lEifÙk iSnk gqbZ] vkt Hkh tl&dh&rl cuh gqbZ gSA dkedkth efgyk,¡ [k+kl rkSj ij ?kj vkSj ckgj dh nksgjh xqykeh ds uhps fil jgh gSAa os vius vuqHkoksa ls bl ckr dks le> jgh gSa fd futh lEifÙk ij fVds iwt ¡ hoknh lekt esa dsoy O;fDrxr èkjkry ij vkfFkZd :i ls Lora=k gksdj os iq#"k lÙkk dh xqykeh ls eqDr ugha gks ldrhaA fQj jkLrk D;k gS\ eqfDr ds jkLrs vdsys esa ugha feyrs! loky pkgs iwt ¡ h dh xqykeh ls eqfDr dk gks ;k ß?kjsyw xqykehÞ ls] fL=k;ksa dks bl fn'kk esa vkxs c<+us ds fy, oxhZ; ,dtqVrk dh èkqjh dk;e djuh gksxhµiwt ¡ h dh lÙkk ds f[kykQ lHkh esgurd'k fL=k;ks&a iq#"kksa dh oxhZ; ,dtqVrkA bl oxhZ; èkqjh ds bnZ&fxnZ [kM+s iw¡th fojksèkh la?k"kZ ls vyx L=kh eqfDr dh dksbZ ifj;kstuk ugha gks ldrhA vxj oxZ la?k"kZ dh ;g etcwr èkqjh curh gS rks fQj ,d leqnk; ds :i esa L=kh vfLerk vkSj L=kh dh ekuoh; xfjek dh cgkyh dh tks Lora=k yM+kbZ gS] og Hkh vkxs c<+xhA blh jkLrs ij pyrs gq, :l vkSj phu dh fL=k;ksa us viuh lPph vkt+knh dh jkg ij vkxs o+$ne c<+k;s FksA bu ns'kksa esa et+njw ØkfUr;ksa ds ckn fL=k;ksa dks vkt+knh dh tks u;h lqcg fn[kk;h Fkh] og blhfy, lEHko gks ldh Fkh fd ogk¡ esgurd'k fL=k;k¡ iq#"kksa ds lkFk dUèks ls dUèkk feykdj yM+h FkhaA vxj bfrgkl ij ut+j nkSM+k;h tk;s rks mRihfM+rksa dk ,slk dksbZ egku la?k"kZ ugha gqvk ftlesa dkexkj efgykvksa dh f'kjdr u gqbZ gksA gekjs ns'k ds

jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu esa Hkh efgykvksa dh vPNh&[kklh la[;k esa Hkkxhnkjh jgh gSA Lrkfyu us dgk gS fd et+nwj vkSj fdlku esgurd'k efgyk,¡ et+njw oxZ dh lcls cM+h vkjf{kr 'kfDr gSAa mUgksua s ;g Hkh dgk gS fd loZgkjk vkUnksyu dk Hkfo";] loZgkjk ØkfUr dh thr&gkj] loZgkjk lÙkk dh fot; ;k ijkt; bl ij fuHkZj gS fd efgykvksa dh ;g ^fjt+o*Z rko+$r et+njw oxZ ds i{k esa [kM+h gksxh ;k mlds f[kyki+$ [kM+h gksxhA ftl rjg loZgkjk ØkfUr dk Hkfo"; bl ij fuHkZj gS fd fL=k;ksa dh vkèkh vkcknh lkFk esa [kM+h gksrh gS ;k ugha] mlh rjg L=kh eqfDr vkUnksyu dk Hkfo"; Hkh bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd og loZgkjk ØkfUr ds lkFk tqMr+ k gS ;k ughaA L=kh eqfDr vkUnksyu vkSj loZgkjk vkUnksyu ds bl fj'rs dks vPNh rjg le> ysuk vkt blfy, t+:jh gS D;ksafd iw¡thoknh ukjhoknh vkUnksyu bl fj'rs dh le> dsk rjg&rjg ls èkqè¡ kyk cukus dh dksf'k'k djrk gSA bl ukjhoknh vkUnksyu dh vkt u;h&u;h 'kk[kk,¡&iz'kk[kk,¡ fudy vk;h gSa tks rjg&rjg ls ;gh lkfcr djus dh dksf'k'k esa tqVh jgrh gSa fd lektokn esa Hkh L=kh iwjh rjg vkt+kn ugha gks ik;h FkhA blfy,] fL=k;ksa dh eqfDr loZgkjk ØkfUr ds jkLrs ugha gks ldrhA igyh ckr rks ;g fd lPpk ekDlZokn ;g dgrk gh ugha fd lektokn vk tkus ek=k ls L=kh iwjh rjg eqDr gks tk;sxhA lektokn dh vkjfEHkd eaftyksa esa rks L=kh eqfDr dh fn'kk esa dsoy 'kq#vkrh o+$ne mBk;s tk ldrs gSaA igyk o+$ne ;g mBk;k tkrk gS fd o+$kuwu ds le{k fL=k;ksa

vkSj iq#"kksa dh xSjcjkcjh ds gj fu'kku dks feVk fn;k tkrk gSA lksfo;r lÙkk us ß'kknh rFkk ifjokj lEcUèkh vfèkdkjksa vkSj cPpksa ds lkFk lEcUèkksa ds ekeys esa furkUr ?k`f.kr] uhp vkSj ik[k.Miw.kZ vlekurkÞ [k+Re dj nh FkhA bl lEcUèk esa ysfuu us fy[kk Fkk] ß;g fL=k;ksa dh eqfDr dh fn'kk esa egt igyk o+$ne gSA ijUrq fdlh ,d Hkh iwt ¡ hoknh tura=k us] pkgs og fdruk Hkh tuoknh D;ksa u gks] ;g igyk dne rd mBkus dk lkgl ughs fd;k( bl Hk; ls fd dghas mldh futh lEifRrÞ dk ifo=k vfèkdkj [kks u tk;sA nw l jk eq [ ; dne t+ e huks a ] QSDVfj;ksa vkSj feyksa ij futh LokfeRo [+kRe dj nsuk gSA dsoy ;gh ,dek=k lkèku gS ftlls L=kh tkfr dh iw.kZ rFkk okLrfod eqfDr dk jkLrk lki+$ gks ldrk gS vkSj og rqPN] vyx ?kjsyw vFkZO;oLFkk ls fo'kky lkekftd vFkZO;oLFkk esa igqp¡ dj ß?kjsyw xqykehÞ ls vkt+kn gks ldrh gSAÞ ?kjsyw vFkZO;oLFkk dh x+qykeh ls L=kh dks vkt+kn djus ds fy,lkekftd Je es a mudh O;kid Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djus ds vykok lektokn esa O;kid Lrj ij u;h&u;h lkekftd laLFkkvksa dk fuekZ.k Hkh fd;k trk gSA O;kid Lrj ij lkewfgd Hkkstuky; LFkkfir fd;s tkrs gSa vkSj cPpksa ds ikyu&iks"k.k ds fy, lkewfgd ikyuk?kj Hkh cuk;s tkrs gSa ftlls fL=k;k¡ ?kj&x`gLFkh ds >a>V vkSj cPpksa dh ifjofj'k ds my>ko ls ckgj fudydj lkekftd mRiknu esa viuh Hkkxhnkjh c<+k ldsa vkSj viuh vkfRed mUufr ds fy, Hkh i;kZIr volj fudky ldsAas ysfdu ;s lkjs mik; vkjfEHkd

'kghns vkt+e Hkxr flag] jktxq# vkSj 'kq[knso ds 77osa 'kgknr fnol ¼23 ekpZ½ ds volj ij

ßoxks± ds chp dksbZ esy&feyki ugha gks ldrkÞ

vkUnksyu rFkk [kkldj et+njw ksa ds c<+rs la?k"kksaZ dk neu djuk FkkA tsy esa fy[ks x, vusd ys[kkas vkSj vnkyr esa vius c;kuksa esa Hkxr flag us bl ckr dks tksjnkj rjhds ls mBk;k fd O;kid et+nwj&fdlku vkcknh dks ,d ØkfUrdkjh ikVhZ ds ekè;e ls laxfBr djds gh ,slk badykc yk;k tk ldrk gS tks nss'k ls 'kks"k.k& mRihM+u dk [kkRek dj nsxkA et+nwj vkUnksyu esa QSys xyr fopkjksa ij pksV djrs gq;s mUgksus dgk Fkk % ßet+njw vkUnksyu esa ,sls O;fDr gSa tks et+nwjksa vkS j fdlkuks a dh vkfFkZ d vkS s j jktuhfrd Lora=krk ds ckjs esa cM+s fofp=k fopkj j[krs gSASa ;s yksx mRrstuk QSykus okys ;k ckS[kyk;s gq;s gSAa gekjk eryc

turk dh vkfFkZd Lora=krk ls gS vkSj blh ds fy, ge jktuhfrd rkdr gkfly djuk pkgrs gSAa 'kq: esa NksVh&cM+h vkfFkZd ek¡xksa vkSj bu oxks± ds fo'ks"k vfèkdkjksa ds fy, gesa yM+uk gksxkA ;g la?k"kZ mUgsa jktuhfrd rkdr gkfly djus ds fy, vfUre la?k"kZ ds fy, lpsr o rS;kj djsxkAÞ nl o"kZ igys gh fgUnh esa igyh ckj izdkf'kr gqbZ Hkxrflag dh ,sfrgkfld tsy uksVcqd Zbl ckr dk lk{; gS fd Hkxrflag vius vfUre fnuksa rd bl ns'k esa ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyu dh oSpkfjd leL;kvksa ls tw> jgs FksA mUgksaus bl ckr ij csgn t+ksj fn;k fd Hkkjrh; ØkfUr dk oSpkfjd igyw detksj jgk gS vkSj bl ns'k dh Bksl lPpkb;ksa

vkSj oSKkfud lektoknh fopkjèkkjk dk xgjkbZ ls vè;;u fd;s fcuk turk ds la?k"kksZa dks lgh fn'kk ugha nh tk ldrhA ;g uksVcqd fQj bl ckr dk vglkl djkrh gS fd vxj flQZ 23 o"kZ dh mez esa Hkxrflag dks Qk¡lh u gqbZ gksrh rks jk"Vªh; eqfDr la?k"kZ vkSj Hkkjrh; loZgkjk ØkfUr dk bfrgkl dqN vkSj gh kSrk djkus okyh ifj"kns a ] ijks i dkj vkS j fo'k"kkfèkdkj tks iwt ¡ hifr;ksa dh [kSjkrksa ds vykok vkSj dqN ugha gSaµbuesa ls dksbZ Hkh pht ml loky dk tokc

cqfu;knh o+$ne gh gksrs gSaA vHkh L=kh eqfDr dk okLrfod y{; dki+$h nwj gSA iq#"k opZLooknh ewY;ks&a ekU;krkvks&a laLFkkvksa dh O;kid vkSj ckjhd xqykfe;ksa ls eqfDr dk jkLrk rks vHkh dkQh yEck gksrk gSA ysfuu us bl lEcUèk esa fy[kk] ßladze.k dfBu gS] D;ksafd ;g dke gS lcls xgjs tM+ tek;s gqbZ] vknr cu pqdh] tM+hHkwr] dBksj ßO;oLFkkÞ ¼lp rks ;g gS fd ;g ßO;oLFkkÞ ugha ccZjrk rFkk dq:irk gS½ ds iqufuZekZ.k dk AÞ bl u;h ßO;oLFkkÞ ds fuekZ.k dh fn'kk esa laaØe.k dh leL;k lewps lektoknh laaØe.k dh leL;k gSA lksfo;r la?k esa lektokn dh LFkkiuk vkSj 1956 ds ckn iwt ¡ hoknh iquLFkkZiuk ds vuqHkoksa dk lkj&ladyu djrs gq, gh phu dh dE;qfuLV ikVhZ ekvks Rls&rq³ ds usr`Ro esa egku loZgkjk laLd`frd dzkfUr ds fu"d"kksZa rd igq¡ph FkhA lektokn ds vUrxZr Hkh L=kh dh okLrfod eqfDr dk la?k"kZ ,d ugha ntZuksa lakLd`frd dzkfUr;ksa ds flyflys ls gksdj xqt+jsxkA lektokn }kjk miyCèk djk;h x;h et+crw tehu ij [kM+s gksdj vkèkh vkcknh dks vius balkuh otwn] igpku vkSj balkuh xfjek dh yEch yM+kbZ yM+uh gksxh D;kasfd iq#"k lRrk vklkuh ls viuk vklu ugha NksM+xs hA la?k"kZ ds u;s&u;s ckjhd] euksoK S kfud :i tUe ysxa s ftuds ckjs esa vkt dYiuk Hkh ugha dh tk ldrhA blh la?k"kZ dh izfdz;k eas Lo;a iq#"k vkcknh Hkh 'kkld vkSj Lokeh gksus dh vekuoh;rk ls eqDr gksdj lPpk balku cusxhA bl egku y{; rd igq¡pus ds fy, vko';d gS fd vkt ØkfUrdkjh et+nwj vkUnksyu esa Hkkjh la[;k eaas esgurd'k fL=k;ksa dks [khapk tk;s] mUgsa tkx:d] xksycUn vkSj laxfBr djus ds dke dks rst+ fd;k tk;sA ugha ns ldrh tks eafnjksa] lRrk ds flagkluksa vkSj lalnksa dks daidaik jgk gSA tks yksx ncs&dqpys gaS vkSj tks mudh ihB ij lokj gksdj vkxs c<+s gq, gSa] vc bu nksuksa ds chp dksbZ veu&pSu ugha jg ldrkA vc oxks± ds chp dksbZ esy&feyki ugha gks ldrk] vc rks oxks± dk flQZ vUr gh gks ldrk gSA tc rd igys U;k; u gks] rc rd ln~Hkkouk dh ckr djuk vuxZy izyki gS] vkkSj tc rd bl nqfu;k dk fuekZ.k djus okyksa dk viuh esgur ij vfèkdkj u gks] rc rd U;k; dh ckr djuk csdkj gSAÞ ß---fgUnw&eqfLye oSeuL; dks lekIr djus dk ,d rjhdk gS fd xzke&laxBu ds dk;Z dks gkFk esa ysdj fcuk HksnHkko ds Hkkjr ds nhu fdlkuksa dh lsok dh tk;sA mlh rjg 'kgj ds feyksa esa dke djus okys yk[kksa et+njw ksa ds laxBuksa dh Hkh vko';drk gSA fdlkuksa vkSj et+nwjksa dk ;qx vk x;k gSA FkksFkh jktuhfr ls vc dke ugha pysxkAÞ µlkeznkf;d naxksa dh vkx cq>krs 'kghn gq, egku i=kdkj x.ks'k 'kadj fo|kFkhZ ds cfynku fnol ¼25 ekpZ ds volj ij½

ubZ lektoknh ØkfUr dk mn~?kks"kd fcxqy] ekpZ 2008

9

nqfu;k ds et+nwjksa ds ØkfUrdkjh usrk vkSj f'k{kd tkslsQ Lrkfyu dh 55oha iq.;frfFk ¼6 ekpZ½ ds volj ij

f}rh; fo'o ;q) esa fgVyj dks njvly fdlus gjk;k\

Lrkfyuxzkn dh xfy;ksa esa yM+us okys yky ;ks)kvksa us!

tkslsi+Q Lrkfyu igkM+ dh pksVh ij cSBdj 'ksjksa dh yM+kbZ ns[kuk 22 twu] 1941 dks ,MksYQ fgVyj dh ukth teZuh us ,sfrgkfld :i ls ,d lcls cM+h lsuk ds lkFk lksfo;r la?k ij vkØe.k dj fn;kA fgVyj dks fo'okl Fkk fd og lksfo;r la?k dks rhu eghuksa esa ijkLr dj nsxkA nqfu;k ds vfèkdrj lSU; vkSj jktuhfrd fo'ks"kKksa dh Hkh ;gh jk; FkhA lksfo;r la?k ij geyk djus okyh teZu lsuk,a nqfu;k dh lcls vkèkqfud lS f ud 'kfDr Fkha A ukft;ks a dh vkØe.kdkjh 'kfDr rhl yk[k QkSft;ka]s 3]300 VSd a ksa vkSj 7]000 cM+h rksiksa dh Fkh] ftudh enn esa 2000 foeku FksA teZu lkezkT;oknh lsukvksa us ek=k nks gh o"kks± esa ,d&,d djds ;wjksi ds dbZ ns'kµpsdksLyksokfd;k] iksy.S M] Ýkal] cs f Yt;e] gkyS . M] Ms u ekdZ vkS j ukosZµnuknu thr fy, FksA 1941 rd] lksfo;r la?k dks] lkezkT;okfn;ksa }kjk fd;s x;s fiNys vkØe.k ds ckn ls] 'kkfUr ds ek=k chl o"kZ gh fey ik;s FksA dE;qfuLV ikVhZ vkSj tkslQ s Lrkfyu ds usrR` o ds vUrxZr ;s nks n'kd Hkh oxZ&la?k"kZ vkSj lektoknh fuekZ.k ds dfBu o"kZ jgs FksA ysfdu] 1941 rd] rRdkyhu lksfo;r la?k egRoiw.kZ leL;kvksa ds ckotwn ,d lPpk ØkfUrdkjh vkSj lektoknh ns'k cu pqdk FkkA lksfo;r ØkfUr us etnwj oxZ dh lÙkk LFkkfir dj nh Fkh] lEifÙkoku oxks ± ds oxZ&fo'ks"kkfèkdkjksa vkSj ,s'o;Z dks lekIr dj fn;k Fkk] rFkk ,d rjQ tgka m|ksx ds lEiww.kZ
nqfu;k dk iw¡thoknh ehfM;k ,d vksj u;s&u;s eux<+Ur fdLlksa dk izpkj dj et+nwj oxZ ds egku usrkvksa ds pfj=k guu esa tqVk jgrk gS ogha nwljh vksj u;s&u;s >wB x<+dj mlds egku la?k"kksZa ds bfrgkl dh lPpkb;ksa dks Hkh mlds uhps nck nsus dh dok;nsa Hkh tkjh jgrh gSaA f}rh; fo'o;q) ds ckjs esa Hkh rjg&rjg ds >wB dk izpkj yxkrkj tkjh jgrk gSA bfrgkl dh fdrkcksa esa Hkh ;g lPpkbZ ugha mHkj ikrh fd ekuork ds nq'eu] ukthoknh tYykn fgVyj dks njvly fdlus gjk;k\ vesfjdh vkSj fczfV'k ehfM;k [k+kl rkSj ij bl >wB dk ckj&ckj izpkj djrk gS fd mudh QkStksa us fgVyj dks ekr nhA bl >wB dks lp lkfcr djus ds fy, os ml rFkkdfFkr ^d;ker ds fnu* ¼Mh&Ms½ 6 twu 1944 dk ckj&ckj izpkj djrs gSa tc ,d yk[k ipkl gt+kj dh rknkn esa fczfV'k&vesfjdh lsuk,¡ fgVyj dh lsukvksa ls yM+us ds fy, ukjeSaMh ¼Ýakl½ esa mrjh FkhaA tksj&'kksj ls izpkj ;g fd;k tkrk gS fd blh vkØe.k ls ;wjksi esa f}rh; fo'o ;q) dk iklk iyV x;k FkkA tcfd lPpkbZ ;g gS fd ml ;q) dk eq[; eksM+fcUnq rks oksYxk unh ds fdukjs cls gq, ,d :lh 'kgj ls vk;k FkkA 1942 esa Lrkfyuxzkn 'kgj dh xfy;ksa esa 80 fnu vkSj 80 jkr tks yM+kbZ pyh] rRdkyhu lksfo;r la?k ds yky lSfudksa vkSj et+nwjksa us ijEijkxr ns'kh gfFk;kjksa ls vkèkqfudre ekuh tkus okyh teZu ukth lsuk dk ftl rjg eqdkc+yk fd;k] og fo'o;q) dk ,sfrgkfld eksM+fcUnq FkkA ;g dgkuh fo'o bfrgkl dh ,d egkdkO;kRed la?k"kZ xkFkk gS ftls nqfu;k dh esgurd'k turk dh ;knksa ls feVk nsus dh dksf'k'ksa fnu&jkr pyrh jgrh gSaA vkt fo'o loZgkjk ØkfUr ds bl u;s pØ esa] tcfd u;h ØkfUr;ksa dh rS;kfj;ksa dk dky yEck f[kaprk tk jgk gS] ;g csgn t+:jh gS fd u;h ih<+h ds esgurd'kksa dks vrhr ds egku la?k"kksZa dh fojklr vkSj miyfCèk;ksa ls yxkrkj ifjfpr djkrs jgk tk;sA ;g u;s loZgjk iqutkZxj.k vkSj izcksèku dk ,d t+:jh dk;ZHkkj gSA vUrjjk"Vªh; et+nwj oxZ ds egku f'k{kd vkSj usrk Lrkfyu dh ipiuoha iq.;frfFk ds volj ij ge fcxqy ds ikBdksa ds fy, nks vadksa esa lekIr gksus okyh ;g fo'ks"k lkexzh ns jgs gSa ftlls ikBd ;g lPpkbZ tku ldsa fd fgVyj dks njvly fdlus gjk;k!µlEiknd

dh ,d ,slh ih<+h fu;qDr dh x;h Fkh tks vHkh u;h Fkh] fcuk tk¡ph&ij[kh FkhA la{ksi esa dgsa rks] if'peh fo'ks"kKksa dks ;g fo'okl Fkk fd Lrkfyu dk lksfo;r la?k ,d xEHkhj :i ls foHkkftr ns'k Fkk ftldh lsuk cqjh rjg ls detksj gks pqdh FkhA mUgsa ;g vk'kk gh ugha Fkh fd lksfo;r la?k teZuh dks gjk ldsxk! oLrqr% vesfjdh vkSj fczfV'k lkezkT;oknh rks ;g mEehn yxk;s cSBs Fks fd lksfo;r la?k iwohZ ekspZs ij teZu lsuk ls VDdj gksrs gh [kRe gks tk;sxkA vkSj tc fgVyj dh lsuk us lksfo;r la?k ij /kkok cksyk rks mUgksua s ;wjksi esa ,d nwljk ekspkZ [kksyus esa nsjh dj nhA vesfjdk vkSj fczVsu dh bl ;kstuk dks ekvks us dgk fd ;g ßigkM+ dh pksVh ij cSBdj uhps 'ksjksa dh yM+kbZ ns[kukÞ FkkA fgVyj vkSj if'peh 'kfDr;ksµ a nksuksa us gh lksfo;r lektokn dh lkeF;Z dks csgn de djds vkadk FkkA vdwr vkRe&cfynku ds lkFk] lksfo;r turk us ukth geykojksa dk eqdkcyk djus ds fy, ,d egku U;k;ksfpr ;q) laxfBr fd;kA unh ds fdukjs cls Lrkfyuxzkn uked ,d vkS|ksfxd uxj esa ,MksYQ fgVyj dh rFkkdfFkr ßvijkts;Þ lsuk,a n`<+fu'p;h yky ;ks)kvksa ls lh/ks tk fHkM+h FkhaA vkt] tc nqfu;k ds 'kkld ;g nkok djrs gSa fd ßdE;qfuT+e ej pqdk gSÞ] vkSj fd ßlektokn ds lkjs iz;kl foQy gks pqds gSÞµrc ;g cgqr egRoiw.kZ gks tkrk gS fd Lrkfyuxzkn ds 1942 ds lcdksa dks ;kn fd;k tk;sµtgk¡ 80 fnu vkSj 80 jkr ?kj&?kj esa pyh yM+kbZ us lektokn dh Js"Brk vkSj ,d l'kL=k ØkfUrdkjh turk dh 'kfDr dks izekf.kr dj fn;k FkkA

rfM+r ;q) dk lkezkT;oknh rd rdZ lksfo;r la?k ij teZuh dk geyk fCyV~tØ + hx dh j.kuhfr ij vkèkkfjr Fkk] ftldk vFkZ gS ßrfM+r ;q)µfctyh dh dM+d ds leku rst+ j¶rkj ls èkkok cksyukÞA fCyV~tØ + hx dk mís'; Rofjr fot; izkIr dj ysuk Fkk ftlls fd teZu turk ds chp vUr}ZU} rh[ks u gks ik;saA vkØe.k dk mís'; Fkk et+nwj oxZ ds lektoknh 'kklu dks m[kkM+ Qsd a uk] lksfo;r turk dks xqyke cukuk] rFkk fo'o ØkfUr ds bl lcls egRoiw.kZ vkèkkj&{ks=k dks u"V dj nsukA bUgha izfrfØ;koknh mís';ksa vkSj j.kuhfr;ksa us ukth lsukvksa dks ;q) esa viuh fot; ds fy, vR;fèkd ccZj rkSj rjhds vf[r;kj djus ds fy, izfs jr fd;kA vkØe.k ds Bhd igys] fgVyj us teZuh ds 'kh"kZLFk tujyksa ls dgk % ß:l ds fo#) yM+kbZ ,slh gksxh tks ,d ohjksfpr 'kSyh esa lapkfyr ugha dh tk ldsxhA ;g fopkjèkkjkvksa vkSj tkrh; fHkUurkvksa dk la?k"kZ gksxk vkSj bls vHkwriwoZ funZ;rk vkSj csfgpd ccZjrk ds lkFk lapkfyr djuk gksxk---A dfelkj ¼lksfo;r yky lsuk ds lfØ; dE;qfuLV dk;ZdrkZµla-½ ,slh fopkjèkkjkvksa ds okgd gSa tks ¼ukthokn ds½ lhèks fojkèkh gSaA vr% dfelkjkas dk lQk;k dj nsuk gksxkA vUrjjk"Vªh; dkuwu rksMu+ s ds nks"kh teZu lSfudksa dks ---ekQ dj fn;k tk;sxkAÞ ukft;ksa us iwjs lksfo;r la?k ds lHkh 'kgjksa dks tyk Mkyk vkSj dRy dj Mkys x;s fuokfl;ksa dh yk'kkas dks fcuk nQuk;s gh NksM+ fn;kA cUnh cuk;s x;s lÙkkou yk[k lksfo;r lSfudksa esa ls rSras hl yk[k rks Hkw[k] BaM vkSj izk.kn.M ds dkj.k teZu tsy f'kfojksa esa gh ej x;sA vkSj yxHkx rhl yk[k lksfo;r lSfudksa vkSj vlSfud ukxfjdksa dks

tgktksa ij ykndj xqyke&et+nwjksa ds :i esa teZuh ys tk;k x;kA

tu;ks)kvksa us ukth j.kuhfr dk izfrjksèk djuk lh[kk vkjEHk es]a Lrkfyu dh yky lsuk,¡ lksfo;r la?k ds vfèkdka'k Hkkxksa esa f'kdLr [kkrh gqbZ ihNs gVrh jghaA os vius ihNs mnkl Hkko ls viuh

lektoknh vFkZO;oLFkk ds [ksrksa vkSj jsyekxksaZ dks u"V djrh tkrha rkfd geykoj lsuk dks dqN Hkh e;Llj u gks ldsA ihNs gVrh gqbZ yky lsuk us ßvius
ßo+$;ker ds fnu dk feFkdÞ vesfjdh ljdkj gj o"kZ ^Mh Ms* ¼o+$;ker ds fnu½ o"kZxk¡B ;g feFkd izpkfjr djus ds fy, djrh gS fd ßvesfjdh lsuk vkSj ,d fo'oO;kih xBcaèku dk vesfjdh usrR` o gh nqfu;k dks fgVyj dks n`"Vrk ls eqfDr fnykus dh dqt a h Fks!Þ ;g vkt nqfu;k esa muds vesfjdh gLr{ksiksa dk leFkZu djus ds fy, yksxkas dks rS;kj djus dk ,d gFkd.Mk gSA ysfdu lPpkbZ dqN vkSj gh gS % 1- f}rh; fo'o;q) es]a lksfo;r yky lsuk nqfu;k ds izFke lektoknh lekt dh j{kk es ,d U;k;ksfpr] ukth&fojksèkh ;q) yM+ jgh Fkh] tcfd vesfjdh lsuk,a ;g lqjf{kr dj ysus ds fy, yM+ jgh Fkha fd ;q)ksÙkj fo'o esa epus okyh uksp&[klksV esa vesfjdh iwt ¡ hokn lcls Qk;ns dh fLFkfr eas jgsA f}rh; fo'o;q) ds ckn] vesfjdk rqjUr gh ;wuku] dksfj;k] fo;ruke] fQyhfiUl vkSj dbZ nwljs ns'kksa esa py jgs ØkfUrdkjh vkUnksyuksa ds fo#) ;q)ksa esa dwn iM+kµtcfd teZuh ds vfèkxzghr dj fy, x;s vesfjdk&iz'kkflr Hkkxksa esa vesfjdh lÙkkèkkjh iwoZ ukth lÙkk dks fQj ls cgky djus esa yx x;sA blds foijhr lektoknh lksfo;r la?k gekjh lnh dh nwljh egku ØkfUr&ekvks Rls ra³q ds usrR` o okyh 1949 dh phuh ØkfUr ds fy, ,d egRoiw.kZ i`"BHkwfe cuk x;kA 2- fgVyj dh lsuk,¡ ewyr% iwohZ ekspZs ijµlksfo;r la?k ds eSnkuh Hkkxksa vkSj f?kjs 'kgjksa esµ a gh ijkftr dj nh x;h FkhA Mh&Ms vkØe.k rks Lrkfyuxzkn esa ukth vkØe.k ds mPp Tokj ds èoLr dj fn;s tkus ds Ms<+ lky ckn gh 'kq: fd;k x;kA bl rFkkdfFkr Mh&Ms dh teZu deku dh 259 fMohtuksa vkSj fczxMs as rks iwohZ ekspZs ij yky lsuk dk lkeuk dj jgh FkhaA fgVyj us mu fMohtuksa esa ls ek=k 60 fMohtuksa dks u;s if'peh ekspZs ij ,aXyks&vesfjdh lsukvksa ls fuiVus ds fy, Hkstk FkkA vkbt+ugkoj ds Mh&Ms vkØe.k dk eqdkcyk djus okyh teZu QkSt esa eq[;r% vèksM+ o; ds lSfud] fd'kksj o; ds yM+ds ,oa cykr idM+dj Hkst fn;s x;s iwohZ ;wjksfi;u gh FksA ;g rks yky lsuk gh Fkh ftlus teZu lsukvksa ds cgqyka'k dks rgl&ugl fd;k] vkSj cfyZu ij dCtk fd;kA 3-ukWjeSMa h esa vesfjdk ds mrjus dk eq[; dkj.k iwjs iwohZ ;wjksi esa iwt ¡ hokn ds fo#) ,d ØkfUr dh eqfge NsM+ nsus ds fy, vkxs c<+ jgh yky lsuk dks jksduk FkkA teZuh vkSj lksfo;r la?k ds chp pys iwjs ;q) ds nkSjku] vesfjdk vkSj fczVus ] if'peh ;wjksi es]a ,d nwljk ekspkZ [kksyus ls badkj gh djrs jgs FksA tc mUgsa ;g ekywe iM+us yxk fd vc rks lksfo;r la?k vdsys gh teZuh dks gjk nsxk] rc mUgksua s Mh&Ms vkØe.k ds lkFk nwljk ekspkZ [kksykA ,d izfrfØ;koknh if=kdk us dqN le; igys fy[kk Fkk % ßif'peh fe=k jk"Vªkas ds lQy ukWjeSMa h vkØe.k ds fcuk rks flQZ cfyZu vkSj fo;uk gh ugha cfYd isfjl ij Hkh yky >.Mk dHkh dk ygjk pqdk gksrkAÞ

10 ubZ lektoknh ØkfUr dk mn~?kks"kd fcxqy] ekpZ 2008 dgkuh bl 'kgj dh izR;sd oLrq cM+h vn~Hkqr vkSj cM+h nqcksèZ k FkhA blesa cus gq, cgqr&ls fxjtk?kjksa ds fofHkUu jaxksa ds xqEcn vkdk'k dh vksj flj mBk;s [kM+s Fks ijUrq dkj[+kkuksa dh nhokjsa vkSj fpefu;k¡ bu ?k.Vk?kjksa ls Hkh Å¡ph FkhaA fxjts bu O;kikfjd bekjrksa dh Å¡ph&Å¡ph nhokjksa ls fNis] iRFkj dh mu futhZo pgkjnhokfj;ksa esa bl izdkj Mwcs gq, Fks tSls feV~Vh vkSj eycs ds udkjrh gqbZ vkokt+ yksgs dh Nrksa ls Vdjkrh vkSj edkuksa ds chp cuh yEch vkSj l¡djh xfy;ksa esa [kks tkrhA bekjrsa fo'kky vkSj vis{kkÑr de vkd"kZd Fkha ijUrq vkneh dq:i FksA os lnSo uhprkiw.kZ O;ogkj fd;k djrs FksA lqcg ls ysdj jkr rd os Hkwjs pwgksa dh rjg 'kgj dh iryh Vsqdrs gSa ;k ughaA lcy O;fDr èkuoku Fks vkSj ogk¡ ds izR;sd izk.kh dk ;g fo'okl Fkk fd dsoy èku gh euq"; dks 'kfDr ns ldrk gSA os lc vfèkdkj ds Hkw[ks Fks] D;ksfa d lc X+ky q ke FksA èkuokuksas dh foykflrk x+jhcksa ds ân; esa }s"k vkSj ?k`.kk mRiUu djrh FkhA ogk¡ fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds fy, Lo.kZ dh >udkj ls vfèkd lqUnj vkSj eèkqj nwljk dksbZ Hkh laxhr ugha Fkk vkSj blh dkj.k ogk¡ dk gjsd vkneh nwljs dk nq'eu cu x;k FkkA lc ij Øwjrk dk 'kklu FkkA dHkh&dHkh lw;Z ml 'kgj ij pedrk ijUrq ogk¡ dk thou lnSo vUèkdkjiw.kZ jgrk vkSj euq"; Nk;k dh rjg fn[kk;h nsrAs jkr gksus ij os vla[; pedhyh cfÙk;k¡ tykrs ijUrq ml le; Hkw[kh vkSjrsa iSlksa ds fy, viuk dadkyor 'kjhj cspus dks lM+dksa ij fudy vkrhaA fofHkUu izdkj ds lqxfUèkr Hkkstuksa dh lqxfUèk mUgsa viuh vksj [khaprh vkSj pkjksa vksj Hkw[ks ekuo dh Hkw[kh vk¡[ks]a pqipki pedus yxrhaA uxj ds Åij nq[k vkSj fo"kkn dh ,d èkheh djkgV] tks t+kjs ls fpYykus esa vleFkZ Fkh] izfrèofur gksdj e¡Mjkus yxrhA thou uhjl vkSj fpUrkvksa ls Hkjk gqvk FkkA ekuo ,d&nwljs dk nq'eu Fkk vkSj gj bUlku x+yr jkLrs ij py jgk FkkA dsoy dqN O;fDr gh ;g vuqHko djrs Fks fd os Bhd ekxZ ij gSa ijUrq os i'kqvksa dh rjg :[ks vkSj Øwj FksA os nwljksa ls vfèkd Hk;kud vkSj dBksj Fks--gjsd thuk pkgrk Fkk ijUrq ;g dksbZ ugha tkurk Fkk fd dSls ft;sA dksbZ Hkh viuh bPNkvksas dk vuqlj.k LorU=k :i ls djus esa leFkZ ugha FkkA Hkfo"; dh vksj c<+k gqvk izR;sd dne mUgsa ihNs eqMd + j ml orZeku dh vksj ns[kus ds fy, ckè; dj nsrk Fkk] tks ,d ykyph jk{kl ds 'kfDr'kkyh vkSj Øwj gkFkksa }kjk euq";ksa dks vius jkLrs ij vkxs c<+us ls jksd nsrk vkSj vius fpifpis vk¯yxu ds tky esa Qk¡l ysrkA euq"; tc ft+Unxh ds psgjs ij dq:i nqHkkZX; dh js[kk,¡ ns[krk rks d"V vkSj vk'p;Z ls fotfM+r gks fuLlgk; ds leku fBBd tkrk] ft+Unxh mlds ân; esa viuh gt+kjksa mnkl vkSj vlgk; vk¡[kksa ls >k¡drh] vkSj fu'kCn mlls izkFkZuk djrh ftls lqu Hkfo"; dh lqUnj vkdka{kk,¡ mldh vkRek esa

dkWejsM % ,d dgkuh efDle xksdhZ ej tkrha vkSj euq"; dh uiqla drk dh djkgV] mu nq[kh vkSj nhu euq";ksa dh djkg vkSj ph[+k&iqdkjksa ds y;ghu laxhr esa Mwc tkrh tks ft+Unxh ds f'kdats esa iM+s rM+QM+k jgs FksA ogk¡ lnSo uhjlrk vkSj mf}Xurk rFkk dHkh&dHkh Hk; dk okrkoj.k Nk;k jgrk vkSj og vUèkdkjiw.kZ volkn esa fyiVk uxj vius ,d ls fonzkgs h iRFkjksa ds ksia fM+;ksa dh vksj pqipki] fNidj pys tk jgs Fks tgk¡ os fuèkZu O;fDr jgrs Fks ftUgksua s uxj dh le`f) dks c<+k;k FkkA frjLÑr vkSj misf{kr gksrs gq, Hkh ekuo esa iw.kZ vkLFkk j[k os fonzkgs dh f'k{kk nsrs FksA os nwj izTofyr lR; dh fonzkgs h fpuxkfj;ksa ds leku FksA os mu >ksia fM+;ksa esa s vius lkFk fNikdj ,d lkns ijUrq mPp fl)kUr dh f'k{kk ds Qy nsus okys cht yk;s Fks vkSj dHkh viuh vk¡[kksa esa dBksjrk dh B.Mh ped Hkjdj vkSj dHkh lTturk vkSj izes }kjk mu X+ky q ke euq";ksa ds ân; esa bl izdk'koku izTofyr lR; dh tM+ jksius dk iz;Ru djrs] mu euq";ksa ds ân; es]a ftUgsa Øwj vkSj ykyph O;fDr;ksa us vius ykHk ds fy, vUèks vkSj xwx¡ s gfFk;kjksa esa cny fn;k FkkA vkSj ;s vHkkxs] ihfM+r euq"; vfo'okliwod Z bu uohu 'kCnksa ds laxhr dks lqurs ,d ,sls laxhr dks ftlds fy, muds DykUr ân; ;qxksa ls izrh{kk dj jgs FksA èkhjs&èkhjs mUgksua s vius flj mBk;s vkSj vius dks mu pkykdh ls Hkjh gqbZ >wBh ckrksa ds tky ls eqDr dj fy;k ftlus muds 'kfDr'kkyh vkSj ykyph vR;kpkfj;ksa us mUgsa Q¡lk j[kk FkkA muds thou es]as ftlesa mnklh ls Hkjk gqvk nfer vlUrks"k O;kIr Fkk] muds ân;ksa esa tks vusd vR;kpkj lgdj fo"kkDr cu pqds Fks] muds efLr"d esa tks 'kfDr'kkfy;ksa dh èkwrrZ kiw.kZ prqjrk ls tM+ gks x;k Fkkµml dBksj vkSj nhu vfLrRo esa tks Hk;adj vR;kpkjksa ls lw[k pqdk Fkkµ,d lhèkk lk nhfIreku 'kCn O;kIr gks mBk % ßdkWejsM!Þ ;g 'kCn muds fy, u;k ugha FkkA mUgksua s bls lquk Fkk vkSj Lo;a Hkh bldk mPpkj.k fd;k FkkA ijUrq rc rd blesa Hkh ogh fjDrrk vkSj mnklh Hkjh gqbZ Fkh tks ,sls gh vU; ifjfpr vkSj lkèkkj.k 'kCnksa esa Hkjh jgrh gS ftUgsa Hkwy tkus ls dksbZ uqdlku ugha gksrkA ijUrq vc blesa ,d u;h >adkj Fkh---l'kDr vkSj Li"V >adkjA ,d u;s vFkZ dk laxhr O;kIr

Fkk vkSj ,d ghjs ds leku dBksj ped vkSj fnxUrO;kih èofu FkhA mUgksua s bls viuk;k vkSj bldk mPpkj.k fd;k--lkoèkkuh ls] uezrkiwod Z vkSj bls vius ân; ls brus Lusgiwod Z fpiVk fy;k tSls ekrk vius cPps dks ikyus esa >qykrh gSA vkSj tSl&s tSls bl 'kCn dh tkToY;eku vkRek ds Hkhrj izfo"V gksrs x;s og mUgsa mruk gh vfèkd mTToy vkSj lqUnj fn[kk;h nsrk x;kA ßdkWejsM!Þ mUgksua s dgkA vkSj mUgksua s vuqHko fd;k fd ;g 'kCn lEiw.kZ lalkj dks ,d lw=k esa laxfBr djus ds fy,] lc euq";ksa dks vkt+knh dh lcls Å¡ph pksVh rd mBk mUgsa u;s cUèkuksa esa ck¡èkus ds fy,µ,d nwljs dk lEeku djus ds fy, rFkk euq"; dks LorU=krk ds cUèku esa fy;s gq,µbl lalkj esas vk;k gSA tc bl 'kCn us X+ky q keksa ds ân; esa tM+ tek yh rc os X+kyq ke ugha jgs vkSj ,d fnu mUgksua s 'kgj vkSj mlds 'kfDr'kkyh 'kkldksa ls iqdkjdj dgk µ ßcl] cgqr gks pqdk!Þ blls thou #d x;k D;ksfa d ;s yksx gh viuh 'kfDr ls bldk lapkyu djrs Fksµdsoy ;gh yksx] vkSj dksbZ ughaA ikuh cguk cUn gks x;k] vkx cq> x;h] uxj vUèkdkj esa Mwc x;k vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh yksx cPpksa ds leku vlgk; gks mBsA vR;kpkfj;ksa dh vkRek esa Hk; lek x;kA vius gh ey&ew=k dh ne ?kksVa us okyh nqxUZ èk ls O;kdqy gks mUgksua s fonzkfs g;ksa ds izfr viuh ?k`.kk dk xyk ?kksaV fn;k vkSj mudh 'kfDr dks ns[k fdadÙkZO;foew<+ gks x;sA Hkw[k dk fi'kkp mudk ihNk djus yxk vkSj muds cPps vUèkdkj esa vkrZ Loj ls jksus yxsA ?kj vkSj fxjts volkn esa Mwc x;s vkSj iRFkj vkSj yksgs ds Øwj vV~Vgkl esa f?kjh gqbZ lM+dksa ij e`R;q dh&lh Hk;kouh fuLrCèkrk Nk x;hA thou xfrghu gks x;k D;ksfa d ftl 'kfDr us bls mRiUu fd;k Fkk og vc vius vfLrRo ds izfr ltx gks mBh Fkh vkSj X+ky q ke euq"; us viuh bPNk dks izdV djus okys peRdkjiw.kZ vkSj vts; 'kCn dk iku fd;k FkkA mlus vius dks vR;kpkj ls eqDr dj viuh 'kfDr dks] tks foèkkrk dh 'kfDr Fkh] igpku fy;k FkkA 'kfDr'kkfy;ksa ds fy, os fnu nwj u Fks D;ksfa d os yksx vius dks bl thou dk Lokeh le>rs FksA og jkr gt+kj jkrksa ds leku Fkh] nq[k ds leku xgjhA eqnZs ds leku ml uxj esa pedus okyh cfÙk;k¡ vR;Ur èkwfey vkSj v'kDr FkhaA og uxj 'krkfCn;ksa ds ifjJe ls cuk FkkA og jk{kl ftlus euq";ksa dk jDr pwl fy;k Fkk viuh lEiw.kZ dq:irk dks ysdj muds lkeus [kM+k gks x;k Fkk µ iRFkj vkSj dkB ds ,d n;uh; k¡d jgh Fkha tgk¡ thou ds lPps Lokeh ân; esa ,d u;k mRlkg fy;s py jgs FksA os Hkh Hkw[ks Fks] okLro esa nwljksa ls vfèkd Hkw[ks] ijUrq mudh ;g Hkw[k dh osnuk mudh ifjfpr Fkh! mudk 'kkjhfjd d"V mUgsa bruk vlá ugha Fkk ftruk

fd thou ds mu Lokfe;ksa dksA u blus mudh vkRek esa izTofyr ml Tokyk dks gh de fd;k FkkA os viuh 'kfDr dk ifjp; ikdj mÙksftr gks jgs FksA vkus okyh fot; dk fo'okl mudh vk¡[kksa esa ped jgk FkkA os uxj dh lM+dksa ij ?kwe jgs Fks tks muds fy, ,d mnkl] n`<+ dkjkx`g ds leku FkhaA tgk¡ mudh vkRek ij vla[; pksVa as igqp¡ k;h x;h FkhaA mUgksua s vius ifjJe ds egÙo dks ns[kk vkSj blus mudks thou dk Lokeh cuus ds ifo=k vfèkdkj ds izfr ltx cuk fn;k] thou ds fu;e cukus okyk rFkk mls mRiUu djus okykA vkSj fQj ,d u;h 'kfDr ds lkFk] ,d pdkpkSèa k mRiUu dj nsus okyh ped ds lkFk] lcdks laxfBr djus okyk og thounk;h] 'kCn xwt ¡ mBkA ßdkWejsM!Þ ;g 'kCn orZeku ds >wBs 'kCnksa ds chp Hkfo"; ds lq[kn lUns'k ds leku xwt ¡ mBk] ftlesa ,d u;k thou lcdh izrh{kk dj jgk FkkA og thou nwj Fkk ;k ikl\ mUgksua s eglwl fd;k fd os gh bldk fu.kZ; djsxa As os vkt+knh ds ikl igqp¡ jgs Fks vkSj os Lo;a gh mlds vkxeu dks LFkfxr djrs tk jgs FksA 3 ml os';k us Hkh tks dy ,d vkèks tkuoj ds leku Fkh vkSj xUnh xfy;ksa esa Fkdh gqbZ bl ckr dk bUrt+kj djrh jgrh Fkh fd dksbZ vk;s vkSj nks iSls nsdj mlds lw[ks BBjh ds leku 'kjhj dks [+kjhn ys] ml 'kCn dks lquk ijUrq eqLdjkrs gq, ijs'kku&lh gksdj mlus bldk mPpkj.k djus dk lkgl fd;kA ,d vkneh mlds ikl vk;k] muesa ls ,d vkneh ftUgksua s blls igys bl jkLrs ij o+$ne ugha j[kk Fkk vkSj mlls bl izdkj cksyk tSls dksbZ vius HkkbZ ls cksyrk gS% ßdkWejsM!Þ mlus dgkA og bl izdkj eèkqjrk vkSj yTtkiwod Z g¡lh ftlls vR;fèkd izlUurk ds dkj.k jks u mBsA mlds nq[kh ân; us blls iwoZ bruh izlUurk dk vuqHko dHkh ugha fd;k FkkA vk¡l]w ,d ifo=k vkSj uohu lq[k ds vk¡l]w mldh mu vk¡[kksa esa pedus yxs tks dy rd iFkjk;h gqbZ vkSj Hkw[kh fuxkg ls lalkj dks ?kwjk djrh FkhaA ifjR;Drksa dh] ftUgsa lalkj ds Jfedksas dh Js.kh esa lfEefyr dj fy;k x;k Fkk] ;g izlUurk] uxj dh lM+dksa ij pkjksa vksj pedus yxh vkSj uxj ds ?kjksa dh èkqè¡ kyh vk¡[ksa bls c<+rs gq, }s"k vkSj Øwjrk ls ns[kus yxhA ml fHk[kkjh us Hkh ftls dy rd cM+s vkneh] mlls ihNk NqMk+ us ds fy, ,d iSlk Qsd a fn;k djrs Fks vkSj ,slk djds ;g le>rs Fks fd vkRek dks 'kkfUr feysxh] ;g 'kCn lqukA ;g 'kCn mlds ¼ist 11 ij tkjh½

ubZ lektoknh ØkfUr dk mn~?kks"kd fcxqy] ekpZ 2008

ik'k dh 'kgknr ¼ 23 ekpZ½ dh chloha o"kZxk¡B ij vorkj flag ik'k dk uke vkt iwjs ns'k esa ,d tkuk&igpkuk uke gks pqdk gSA ^ge yMsa+xs lkFkh*] ^lcls [k+rjukd* vkfn dfork,¡ ØkfUrdkjh tulaxBuksa ds iksLVjksa&if=kdkvksa vkfn ds ekè;e ls yk[kksa yksx rd igq¡p pqdh gSaA 'kghns vkt+e Hkxr flag dh t+ehu ls iSnk gq, bl dfo dh dforkvksa esa bao+$ykc dh ogh xehZ Fkh vkSj esgurd'k turk ls tqM+ko Fkk] iw¡thokn&lkezkT;okn ls mruh gh ui+$jr Fkh] et+nwj&fdlku turk dh rko+$r vkSj Hkfo"; eas mruk gh fo'okl Fkk tSlkfd 'kghns vkt+e Hkxr flag dks FkkA ik'k viuh fd'kksjkoLFkk esa gh ekDlZokn ls izHkkfor gq, vkSj uDlyckM+h fdlku mHkkj ds nks lky ckn gh dE;qfuLV ØkfUrdkjh jktuhfr ls tqMAs+ og vius fo'oklksa dh o+$her

pqdkus ds fy, ges'kk rS;kj jgsA vkikrdky ds nkSjku Hkh mUgksaus vkokt+ mBk;hA iatkc esa vLlh ds n'kd esa tc etnwj] fdlku turk ds dqN eqV~Bh Hkj nq'eu èkeZ ds vkèkkj ij Loar=k ns'k dh ek¡x dj jgs Fks] ml le; ik'k us lkgl ds lkFk muds f[+kyki+$ vkokt+ mBk;hA reke èkefd;ksa ds ckotwn mudh ys[kuh dh vkokt+ dks nck;k ugha tk ldk vkSj 23 ekpZ 1988 dks [kkfyLrkuh vkradokfn;ksa us èkks[ks ls ik'k dh gR;k dj nhA ;g Hkh dSlk la;ksx gS fd ik'k Hkh mlh fnu 'kghn gq, ftl fnu Hkxr flag Qk¡lh ds QUns dks pwedj 'kghn gq, FksA ik'k dh 'kgknr dh chloha o"kZxk¡B ij ge mudh ,d pfpZr dfork ^izfrc)rk* ;gk¡ izdkf'kr dj jgs gSaA µlEiknd

dkWejsM % ,d dgkuh

izfrc)rk

ik'k 'kgknr % 23 ekpZ 1988 ge >wB&ewB dk dqN Hkh ugha pkgrs ftl rjg gekjs cktqvksa esa eNfy;k¡ gSa ftl rjg cSyksa dh ihB ij mHkjs] lksfV;ksa ds fu'kku gSa ftl rjg o+$tZ+ ds dkx+tksa+ esa gekjk lgek vkSj fldqM+k Hkfo"; gS ge ft+Unxh] cjkcjh ;k dqN Hkh vkSj blh rjg lpeqp dk pkgrs gSa

¼ist 10 ls vkxs½

fy, igyh Hkh[k ds leku Fkk ftlus mlds x+jhc] fuèkZurk ls u"V gksrs gq, ân; dks izlUurk vkSj ÑrKrk ls Hkj fn;k FkkA og rk¡xos kyk] ,d NksVk lk Hkn~nk vkneh] ftlds xzkgd mldh ihB esa blfy, ?kwl¡ s ekjrs Fks fd ftlls mÙksftr gksdj og vius Hkw[ks] VwVs 'kjhj okys VV~Vw dks rst+ pykus ds fy, g.Vj QVdkjsA og vkneh ?kwl¡ s [kkus dk vknh FkkA iRFkj dh lM+d ij ifg;ksa ls mRiUu gksus okyh [kM+[kM+kgV dh èofu ls ftldk fnekx+ tM+ gks x;k Fkk mlus Hkh [+kcw vPNh rjg ls eqLdjkrs gq, ,d jkLrk pyus okys ls dgk % ßrk¡xs ij p<+uk pkgrs gks---dkWejsM\Þ ;g dgdj] bl 'kCn dh èofu ls Hk;Hkhr gksdj mlus ?kksMs+ dks rst+ pykus ds fy, yxke lEgkyh vkSj ml jkgxhj dh rji+$ ns[kkA og vc Hkh vius pkSM]s+ yky psgjs ls eqLdjkgV nwj djus esa vleFkZ FkkA ml jkgxhj us izes iwod Z mldh vksj ns[kk vkSj flj fgykrs gq, cksyk % ßèkU;okn] dkWejsM! eq>s T+;knk nwj ugha tkuk gSAÞ vc Hkh eqLdjkrs vkSj izlUurk ls viuh vk¡[ksa >idkrs og rk¡xos kyk viuh lhV ij eqMk+ vkSj lM+d ij [kM+[kM+kgV dk rst+ 'kksj epkrs gq, pyk x;kA QqVikFkksa ij vkneh cM+&s cM+s >q.Mksa esa py jgs Fks vkSj fpuxkjh ds leku og egku 'kCn] tks lalkj dks laxfBr djus ds fy, mRiUu gqvk Fkk] mu yksxksa esa bèkj ls mèkj ?kwe jgk FkkA ßdkWejsM!Þ ,d iqfyl dk vkkneh µ xyeqPNsokyk] xEHkhj vkSj egRoiw.kZ] ,d >q.M ds ikl vk;k] tks lM+d ds fdukjs O;k[;ku nsus okys o`) euq"; ds pkjksa vksj bdV~Bk gks x;k FkkA dqN nsj rd mldh ckrsa lqudj mlus uezrkiwod Z dgkA ßlM+d ij lHkk djuk dkuwu ds f[k+yki+$ gS---frrj&fcrj gks tkvks] egk'k;ks---Þ vkSj ,d {k.k #ddj mlus viuh vk¡[ksa uhph dha vkSj èkhjs&ls cksyk % ßdkWejsMks---Þ

mu yksxksa ds psgjksa ij] tks bl 'kCn dks vius ân; esa latks;s gq, Fks vkSj ftUgksua s vius jDr vkSj ekal ls bls vkSj ,drk dh iqdkj dh rhoz èofu dks c<+k;k Fkk µ fuekZrk dk xoZ >ydus yxkA vkSj ;g Li"V gks jgk Fkk fd og 'kfDr] ftls bu yksxksa us eqDrgLr gksdj bl 'kCn ij O;; fd;k Fkk] vfouk'kh vkSj v{k; FkhA mu yksxksa ds f[k+yki+$] Hkwjh onhZ igus gfFk;kjcUn vknfe;ksa ds vUèks lewg ,df=kr gksus yxs FksA os pqipki ,d&lh iafDr;ksa esa [kM+s FksA vR;kpkfj;ksa dk Øksèk mu fonzkfs g;ksa ij tks U;k; ds fy, yM+ jgs Fks QV iM+us dks rS;kj FkkA ml uxj dh Vs
ftl rjg lwjt] gok vkSj ckny ?kjksa vkSj [ksrksa esa gekjs vax&lax jgrs gSa ge mlh rjg gqdwerksa] fo'oklksa vkSj [k+qf'k;ksa dks vius lkFk&lkFk ns[kuk pkgrs gSa tksjkojks] ge lcdqN lpeqp dk ns[kuk pkgrs gSaA ge ml rjg dk dqN Hkh ugha pkgrs tSls 'kjkc ds eqo+$nes esa] fdlh VkÅV dh xokgh gksrh gS] tSls iVokjh dk ^bZeku* gksrk gS] ;k tSls vk<+rh dh o+$le gksrh gSµ ge pkgrs gSa viuh gFksyh ij dksbZ bl rjg dk lp tSls xqM+ dh iÙk esa d.k gksrk gS] tSls gqD+o+$s esa fudksVhu gksrh gS tSls feyu ds le; egcwc ds gksaBksa ij dksbZ eykbZ tSlh pht+ gksrh gS ge ugha pkgrs iqfyl dh ykfB;ksa ij V¡xh fdrkcsa i<+uk ge ugha pkgrs gquj dk xhr] i+$kSth cwVksa dh Vki ij xkuk ge rks isM+ksa ij [kudrs laxhr dks yyd Hkjh iksjksa ls Nwdj ns[kuk pkgrs gSa vk¡lw&xSl ds èkq,¡ esa ued pkVuk ;k viuh thHk ij vius gh ygw dk Lokn p[kuk fdlh ds fy, Hkh euksjatu ugha gks ldrk ysfdu ge >wB&ewB dk dqN Hkh ugha pkgrs vkSj ge lcdqN lpeqp dk ns[kuk pkgrs gSaµ ft+Unxh] lektokn] ;k dqN Hkh vkSj---A

11

12 Nai Samajvadi Kranti ka Udghoshak Bigul

Monthly March 2008

iath;u la[;k & 71980/99] Mkd iath;u la[;k & LW-NP/349/2006-08

jsy ctV % ykyw LVkby

^pd ns jsyos* cksys rks pd ns dkjiksjsV vkSj ifCyd dks ^tknw dh >Iih* Hksl&ckuk fuiV nsgkrh dk Hkys gks ysfdu jsy ea=kh ykyw izlkn lpeqp dkjiksjVs eSut s es.V xq# gSAa og vPNh rjg tkurs gSa fd ifCyd dks [kq'k dSls j[kk tk;s vkSj dSls vius VkxsZV ij vkxs c<+rs jgk tk;sA vius [kkfyl LVkby esa mUgksaus ;wih, ljdkj dk ik¡pok¡ jsy ctV is'k djrs gq, vius oksVj dks rks VkxsZV fd;k gh ysfdu vlyh VkxZsV dks vk¡[kksa ls vks>y ugha gksus fn;kµfuthdj.k&mnkjhdj.k dh xkM+h dks vxys LVs'ku rd igqp¡ kus dk VkxZsVA jsy dks equki+$s esa igq¡pk nsus ds fy, viuh ihB [kqn FkiFkikrs gq, ykyw izlkn us viuh tknwxjh ds t+fj;s reke yksdyqHkkou ?kks"k.kkvksa dk lEeksgudkjh okrkoj.k jpk vkSj viuh vlyh djkekr dks ifCyd dh vk¡[kksa ls vks>y dj fn;kA vke vkSj [kkl nksuksa ifCyd [kq'k fd ;k=kh fdjk;s esa deh dj ykyw us deky dj fn;k ij vlyh djkekr ij yksxksa dk è;ku gh ugha x;kA ifCyd dks ^tknw dh >Iih* ls [kq'k djrs gq, ykyw th us ^pd ns jsyos* dk ukjk mNkyk ij vly esa gqvk ^pd ns

dkjiksjsV*A vkb;s ns[ksa] dSls\ ykyw th us vke rkSj ij Ekky HkkM+s esa Hkh dksbZ c<+ksRrjh ugha dhA ,s l h gj fj;k;r dk Qk;nk iw¡thifr;ksa&O;kikfj;ksa dh >ksyh esa gh tkrk gS A og ifCyd rd ugha igq¡prkA [k+kl rkSj ij mUgksaus Mhty vkSj isVªksy dh .Mh ns nh gSA d.Vsuj lsok,¡ igys gh futh gkFkksa esa lkSaih tk pqdh FkhaA iVuk] eqEcbZ] fnYyh vkSj fldUnjkckn jsyos LVs'kuksa dks fo'o Lrjh; cukus dk liuk futhdj.k ds jkLrs gh iwjk gksxkA blds lkFk gh vc futh iw¡thifr fctyh ,oa batu pkfyr dkj[kkuk Hkh yxk

ldsaxsA t+kfgj gS fd ;g igys ls ekStwn Mh ,y MCY;w vkSj fprjatu tSls batu dkj[kkuksa ds fy, ekSr dk ijokuk gSA blds vykok bl ckj ykyw th us lqijQkLV vkSj ,Dlizsl Vsªuksa dh èkqykbZ dk dke Hkh futh gkFkksa esa lkSaius dk ,syku dj fn;k gSA bl ckj futh fu;a=k.k okys 40 d.Vsuj fMiks lapkfyr djus dh bt+ktr ns nh x;h gSA ns ' kh&fons ' kh iw ¡ t hifr;ks a ij es g jckfu;k¡ vHkh vkS j Hkh gS a ! iw¡thifr;ksa dks eky ;gk¡ ls ogk¡ ys tkus esa vHkh ekStwn fnDo+$rksa dks nwj djuk Hkh ykyw th ugha HkwysA y{eh feRry ls ysdj reke fons'kh iwt ¡ hifr ykSg [kfutksa dh [kqnkbZ ds Bsds ik pqds gSaA budk eky
pqids&futhdj.k dh jsy ,d LVs'ku vkSj vkxs c<+k nsrs gSaA jsyos esa [kkyh iM+s dqd Ms<+ yk[k ls vfèkd inksa ij og fQj pqIih lkèk x;sA cl dqfy;ksa dks xSxa eSu cuk fn;kA og Hkh l'krZA txg [kkyh gksus vkSj ;ksX; gksus ijA dqN vkj ih ,Q ds flikgh c<+k fn;sA cl] blds ckn tknw dh >Iih gS ghµyksd yqHkkou ,sykuA vkb;s vc bldh Hkh iM+rky gks tk;sA ;k=kh fdjk;ksa esa deh dk ekeyk ;g gS fd ykyw th dku lhèks ugha ?kqek&fQjkdj idM+rs gSaA og ;kf=k;ksa dh tsc ls tSls&rSls iSlk fudky gh ysrs gSaA ,d #i;s&nks #i;s] nks izfr'kr&pkj izfr'kr fdjk;sa esa tks deh djrs gSa mls os olwy ysrs gSµ a Vªsuksa dks lqijQkLV cukdj] mlds Qsjs c<+kdj vkSj :V dks c<+kdj ¼ftlls nks LFkkuksa ds chp dh nwjh vkSj fdjk;k nksuksa c<+ tkrk gS½] rRdky dksVs dh vofèk vkSj la[;k c<+kuk] fVdV okilh ij T;knk iSlk dkVuk vkfnA blh rjg dh vusd pkj lkS chlh gFkd.Mksa ds t+fj;s gh rks ykyw th us jsyos dks 2500 djksM+ #i;s dk equkQk djk;k gSA

jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkj.Vh ;ksstuk ds ik[k.M dk ns'kO;kih foLrkj fcxq y la o knnkrk fnYyhA foÙk ea=kh ih- fpnEcje us viuh ikVhZ ds pqukoh Hkfo"; dks l¡okjus dh ea'kk ls bl ckj ds ctV esa jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkj.Vh ;kstuk dks jk"VªO;kih foLrkj ns fn;k gSA vc ;g ;kstuk ns'k ds dqy 596 ftyksa esa ykxw gksxhA fpnEcje us blds fy, 16 gt+kj djksM+ #i;s eqgS¸;k djkus dk oknk fd;k gSA crkrs pysa fd jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkj.Vh ;kstuk flrEcj 2005 esa vfèklwfpr dh x;h FkhA Qjojh 2006 esa bldk igyk pj.k ykxw gqvk Fkk ftlesa 200 ftyksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k FkkA vizSy 2007 esa blesa 130 ftyksa dks vkSj 'kkfey dj fy;k x;kA vc bls c<+kdj lHkh 596 ftyksa esa ykxw djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh x;h gSA ;g ;kstuk fdruk cM+k ljdkjh 'kxwQk gS blds ckjs esa reke xSj ljdkjh laLFkk,¡ fjiksV±s fudky pqdh gSAa ^fcxqy* esa Hkh dbZ vadksa esa bldh iksy [kksyrs gq, fVIif.k;k¡ nh tk pqdh gSaA bl ;kstuk dk nk;jk ns'kO;kih dj fpnEcje us bl xksj[kèkUèks dks ns'kO;kih foLrkj ns fn;k gSA bl ctV ds igys bl ;kstuk esa 'kkfey 330 ftyksa ds fy, vc rd ljdkj us 12 gt+kj djksM+ #i;s vkcf.Vr fd;s FksA vc blesa 269 vkSj ftyksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tk;sxk

ysfdu iSlk fn;k x;k gS dsoy 16 gt+kj djksM+ #i;s ;kuh dsoy 400 djksM+ #i;s dh c<+ksÙkjhA ;kstuk esa 'kkfey ftyksa esa c<+ksÙkjh ds eísut+j iqjkuh nj ds fglkc ls gh ljdkj dks dqy yxHkx 22 gt+kj djksM+ #i;s nsus pkfg, Fks ;kuh yxHkx 10 gt+kj djksM+ #i;s dh c<+ksÙkjh djuh pkfg, FkhA dsoy blh ,d rF; ls bl ;kstuk ds ik[k.M dks le>k tk ldrk gSA ysfdu bl ;kstuk dks ns'kO;kih foLrkj nsus ds uke ij fpnEcje us ,d ?kiysckth vkSj dh gSA mUgksaus xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa ykxw ,d vU; jkstxkj ;ks t ukµ^lEiw . kZ xz k eh.k jks t xkj ;kstuk*µdks lesVdj mls jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkj.Vh ;kstuk esa feyk fn;k gSA bl ;kstuk ds fy, fiNys foÙk o"kZ 2007&2008 esa fpnEcje us 420 djksM+ #i;s vkcf.Vr fd;s FksA bls ysdj bl ;kstuk dh dqy jkf'k 3420 djksM+ #i;s gks x;h FkhA bl ;kstuk dks jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkj.Vh ;kstuk esa feykdj fpnEcje us njvly blds en esa okLro esa dsoy 600 djksM+ #i;s gh vfrfjDr fn;s gSa tcfd og 4000 djksM+ #i;s nsus dk f
;kstuk dk ?kksf"kr y{; gS xzkeh.k {ks=k dh csjkstxkjh dks nwj djuk ysfdu vlyh v?kksf"kr y{; gS xzkeh.k {ks=kksa ls 'kgjh vkS|ksfxd dsUnzksa dh vksj iyk;u dh j¶rkj de djds iwt ¡ hifr;ksas vkSj ljdkj dk fljnnZ de djukA oSls tehuh Lrj ij bl ;kstuk dk Hkh ogh gJ gS tks vU; lHkh rFkkdfFkr ljdkjh dY;k.kdkjh ;kstukvksa dk gqvk djrk gSA jk-xzk-jks-xk- ;kstuk ds rgr dsoy 100 fnu ds jkstxkj dh xkj.Vh gSA et+nwjh U;wure et+nwjh ls Hkh de nj ij feyrh gSA ;kstuk dk Qk;nk mlh dks feyrk gS ftlds ikl ^tkWc dkMZ* gksrk gS vkSj ^tkc dkMZ* mlh dks feyrk gS ftl ij xzke izèkku&ys[kiky dh esgjckuh gksrh gSA ;g esgjckuh fcuk ^lqfoèkk 'kqYd* fn;s feyrh ughaA T;knkrj rks ;s Hkqxrku dkxtkas ij gh gks jgk gS ;k xzke izèkku blesa fny pLih gh ugha ysrsA dkj.k ;g fd bl ;kstuk ds rgr gq, dke dh lhMh chMhvks dks fn[kkdj gh jde fjyht djok;h tk ldrh gSA ;kuh] ch-Mhvks- ls ysdj lh-Mh-vks- rd lcdks fgLlk&c[kjk ysuk gksrk gSA blds ckn fdrus yksxksa dks okLrfod dke ds cnys okLrfod et+nwjh feyrh gksxh bldk vuqeku ikBd Lo;a yxk ldrs gS*A xzkeh.k {ks=kksa ds ^fcxqy* ds ikBd bl ;kstuk dh lPpkbZ dks vius [kqn ds vuqHkoksa ls gh tkurs gksaxsA

jsyos dh vk; c<+kus dk ,d vkSj Q.Mk ykyw th us [kwc ykxw fd;kµekyxkM+h ds fMCcksa esa {kerk ls vfèkd eky ynokukA tks dke igys O;kikjh eky ckcq v ks a dks ^lqfoèkk&'kqYd* nsdj djkrs Fks ykyw th us mls dkuwuh cuk fn;kA vc Hkys gh jsy&iVfj;k¡ viuh nqxZfr ij jks;sa] nq?kZVuk,¡ c<+sa] bldh ykyw th dks T;knk ijokg ughaa D;ksafd jsyos dh lqj{kk vkSj laj{kk ds en esa bl ckj Hkh dksbZ [kkl c<+ksRrjh ugha gqbZA ;k=kh lqfoèkkvksa dks c<+kus ds uke ij Hkh FkksFkh dok;nsa gh fQygky T+;knk gSAa ykyw th [kq + n dks fotujh ¼LoIunz"Vk½ Hkh ekurs gSaA vxys Ng eghus esa og fot+u&2025 ds uke ls ,d nLrkost+ rS;kj djsaxs ftlesa Hkfo"; ds jsyos dk [kko+$k [khapk tk;sxkA dkjiksjVs txr bldk cslczh ls bUrt+kj djsxkA fQygky rks vius ^eSustes.V xq#* ls og [kq'k gS vkSj cjcl mlds eq¡g ls QwV iM+ jgk gSµ^pd ns ykyw*A vkuUn ns o µvkuUn

et+nwjksa dk jkt gh fdlkuksa dh csclh nwj dj ldrk gS! fcxq y la o knnkrk fnYyhA o"kZ 2008&2009 ds ctV esa nks gsDVsvj tksr okys fdlkuksa dh dtZ e kQh dk ,s y ku dj fojks è kh pqukocktksa dks fpÙk djus okys fpnEcje dh [kSjkr lewps ns'k ds fdlkuksa dh _.kxzLrrk ds eqdkcys Å¡V ds eq¡g esa thjs ds cjkcj gSA [kqn ljdkjh laLFkk jk"Vªh; uewuk los{Z k.k laxBu ds vk¡dM+s gh bldh xokgh ns jgs gSaA jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k dh rkt+k fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj dsoy 36 Qhlnh fdlku gh cSadksa ;k ljdkjh laLFkkukas ls o+$tZ ysrs gSAa ckdh 64 Qhlnh fdlku lkgwdkjksa ;k nwljs Lkzkrs ksa ¼fj'rsnkjks&a fe=kksa vkfn½ ls o+$tsZ ysrs gSaA bl fjiksVZ esa xk¡o dh dqy vkcknh esa ls 60 Qhlnh dks fdlku ekuk x;k gSA bl fglkc ls dqy fdlku ifjokjksa dh la[;k ukS djksM+ gS ftlesa ls 48-6 izfr'kr fdlku dtZ ls ncs gq, gSaA blesa 300 #i;s rd dtZ ysus okys fdlku 'kkfey gSaA fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj vkaèkz izns'k ds fdlku lcls T;knk dtZnkj gSaA ;gk¡ ds 82 Qhlnh fdlkuksa us dtZ ys j[ks gSA rfeyukMq ds 74-5 Qhlnh vkSj iatkc ds 65-4 Qhlnh fdlku dtZnkj gaSA fonHkZ esa 36 yk[k ifjokj dtZ esa Mwcs gq, gSaA fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj dqy fdlku ifjokjksa esa 66 Qhlnh fdlku ifjokj

,d gsDVsvj ;k blls de tehu ds ekfyd gSAa buesa ls 45 Qhlnh dtZ ls Mwcs gq, gSaA 50 Qhlnh ifjokjksa us [ksrh ds fy, tcfd 10 Qhlnh dtZ 'kknh o vU; dkeksa ds fy, fy;s x;s gSAa bu vk¡dM+ksa ls lki+$ gS fd fpnEcje dh dtZekQh dk QkSjh ykHk Hkh 50 Qhlnh ls de fdlkuksa dks fey ik;sxkA fonHkZ {ks=k ds fdlkuksa dks] tgk¡ lcls vfèkd fdlku vkRegR;k,¡ dj jgs gS]a bl jkgr dk lcls de ykHk igq¡psxk D;ksfa d ogk¡ vkSlr jo+$ck 15&16 ,dM+ dk gSA ftu fdlkuksa dks QkSjh jkgr feysxh os Hkh vxyh Qly ds fy, fQj cSadksa ds ikl dtZ ysus tk;saxsA ysfdu vc fdlkuksa dks QkSjh jkgr ds fy, fQj ik¡p lky bUrtkj djuk iMs+xk ;kuh tc fQj ls pqukoh ekSkle vk;sxkA rc rd mudh nqfu;k mtM+ pqdh gksxhA muesa ls cgqr ls ifjokj fdlku dh txg et+nwj ifjokj cu pqds gksaxsA njvly ;g iw¡thoknh [ksrh dk ladV gS tks iw¡thokn ds [kkRes ds ckn gh [kRe gksxkA esgkurd'k fdlkuksa dks bl lPpkbZ dks le>kus dh ft+Eesnkjh et+nwj oxZ vkSj muds gjkoyksa dh gSA mUgsa bl lPpkbZ esa fo'okl fnykuk gksxk fd et+nwjksa dh lÙkk gh mudh csclh dks nwj dj ldrh gSA

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