VẤN ĐỀ 1. PHƯƠNG TRÌNH MŨ VÀ LOGARIT A. CÁC DẠNG PHƯƠNG TRÌNH MŨ Dạng 1. Phương trình mũ cơ bản 1.

Giải phương trình a) 2

x2  x 4

4

x  3, x  2

b) 5 x  100

x  2  log5 4

b) (2  3) 2x  2  3 b) x  

1 2

c) 2.3x  6.3x 1  3x  9 c) x  1 Dạng 2. Sử dụng phương pháp đưa về cùng một cơ số 2.

Giải phương trình a) 9

x 1

 27

2x 1

b) 0,125.4 2 x  3

c) 32

2  ( ) x 8

d)

8

x 5 x 7

 0, 25.128

sin 3 x

 8 .8

x 17 x 3

 x  cos 2     sin 2 x 4 2

Dạng 3. Sử dụng phương pháp đặt ẩn phụ 3.

Giải phương trình a) 32x 5  3x  2  2

a) x  2

27 x  12 x  2.8 x

x 0

b) 5

x 1

 53 x  26

x

x

c) 3.4  2.6  9 d)



x

b) x = 1, x = 3 c) x = 0

x

7  48

  

x

7  48



x

 14

x

e) (3  5)  16(3  5)  2

x 3

f) (7  4 3 ) x  (2  3 ) 2 x  4 x 2 3 x  2

x2  6 x  5

2 x2  3 x  7

g) 4 4 4 1 4. Tìm a để phương trình sau co nghiệm:

d) x = 2, x = –2

91

1 t 2

 (a  2).31

1 t 2

 2a  1  0  4  a 

2

5. Tìm m để ( 2  1) x  ( 2  1) x

2

1

64 7

 m  0 có nghiệm

=> m  2 1  2

Dạng 4. Sử dụng phương pháp lôgarit hóa 6. Giải phương trình 2

a) 3 x .2 x  1 2

b) 3x 1.2 x  8.4x  2

a) x  1, x  1  log 2 3

5 1 c) 2x.5x  . 10x 1  5

Dạng 5. Sử dụng tính đơn điệu của hàm số mũ 7. Giải phương trình a) 3 x  4 x  5 x b) 3 x  x  4  0 => x  1 c) x 2  (3  2 x ) x  2(1  2 x )  0

=> x  0; x  2

B. CÁC DẠNG PHƯƠNG TRÌNH LOGARIT Dạng 1. Phương trình lôgarit cơ bản 1. Giải phương trình a) lg(152  x 3 )  lg( x  2) 3

b) log 4 x 2  3

Dạng 2. Đưa về cùng một cơ số 2. Giải phương trình a) log 3 x  log 9 x  log 27 x  11 b)

1 lg(5 x  4)  lg x  1  2  lg 0,18 ; 2 x

x

c) log 2 (4.3  6)  log 2 (9  6)  1 ; d)

1 1 log 2 ( x  3)  log 4 ( x  1) 8  log 2 (4 x )  x = 3 và x  2 3  3 2 4

Dạng3. Sử dụng phương pháp đặt ẩn phụ 3. Giải phương trình

a)

1 1  1 5  lg x 1  lg x

b) 3log x 16  4log16 x  2log 2 x c) log x2 16  log 2 x 64  3. d) log 2 (4

x 1

 4)log 2 (4 x  1)  log 1 2 2

1 8

2

e) log 32 x (2 x  9 x  9)  log 3 x (4 x  12 x  9)  4  0 4. Tìm m để phương trình sau có nghiệm trên khoảng (0; 1)

4(log 2 x ) 2  log 1 x  m  0

m

2

1 4

5. Cho phương trình log 32 x  log 32 x  1  2m  1  0 => x  3 

a) Giải phương trình khi m = 2.

b) Tìm m để phương trình có ít nhất một nghiệm thuộc đoạn [1;3 3 ] .

3

=> 0  m  2

Dạng 4. Sử dụng tính đơn điệu của hàm số mũ 6. Giải phương trình a) log 2 x  log 5 (2 x  1)  2

2

b) x  lg( x  x  6)  4  lg( x  2)

2

c) ( x  2)log 3 ( x  1)  4( x  1)log 3 ( x  1)  16  0. C. HỆ PHƯƠNG TRÌNH MŨ VÀ LÔGARIT 1. Giải các hệ phương trình sau:

log y xy  log x y 3 3 a)   (log 2 ;log 2 ) x y 2 2  2  2  3

 23 x 1  2 y 2  23 x  y e)  2  3 x  xy  1  x  1

 x  y  (log 2 y  log 2 x)(2  xy ) b)  3 3  x  y  16

log 2 x  3 5  log 3 y  5 f)  3 log 2 x  1  log 3 y  1

3lg x  4lg y c)  lg 4 lg 3 (4 x)  (3 y )

g) 

 x  log 3 y  3 d)  2 x (2 y  y  12)3  81 y

 x 2  y  y 2  x h)  x y x 1  2  2  x  y

ln(1  x)  ln(1  y )  x  y 2 2  x  12 xy  20 y  0

Phuong trinh mu va logarit hay.pdf

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