VẤN ĐỀ 1. PHƯƠNG TRÌNH MŨ VÀ LOGARIT A. CÁC DẠNG PHƯƠNG TRÌNH MŨ Dạng 1. Phương trình mũ cơ bản 1.
Giải phương trình a) 2
x2 x 4
4
x 3, x 2
b) 5 x 100
x 2 log5 4
b) (2 3) 2x 2 3 b) x
1 2
c) 2.3x 6.3x 1 3x 9 c) x 1 Dạng 2. Sử dụng phương pháp đưa về cùng một cơ số 2.
Giải phương trình a) 9
x 1
27
2x 1
b) 0,125.4 2 x 3
c) 32
2 ( ) x 8
d)
8
x 5 x 7
0, 25.128
sin 3 x
8 .8
x 17 x 3
x cos 2 sin 2 x 4 2
Dạng 3. Sử dụng phương pháp đặt ẩn phụ 3.
Giải phương trình a) 32x 5 3x 2 2
a) x 2
27 x 12 x 2.8 x
x 0
b) 5
x 1
53 x 26
x
x
c) 3.4 2.6 9 d)
x
b) x = 1, x = 3 c) x = 0
x
7 48
x
7 48
x
14
x
e) (3 5) 16(3 5) 2
x 3
f) (7 4 3 ) x (2 3 ) 2 x 4 x 2 3 x 2
x2 6 x 5
2 x2 3 x 7
g) 4 4 4 1 4. Tìm a để phương trình sau co nghiệm:
d) x = 2, x = –2
91
1 t 2
(a 2).31
1 t 2
2a 1 0 4 a
2
5. Tìm m để ( 2 1) x ( 2 1) x
2
1
64 7
m 0 có nghiệm
=> m 2 1 2
Dạng 4. Sử dụng phương pháp lôgarit hóa 6. Giải phương trình 2
a) 3 x .2 x 1 2
b) 3x 1.2 x 8.4x 2
a) x 1, x 1 log 2 3
5 1 c) 2x.5x . 10x 1 5
Dạng 5. Sử dụng tính đơn điệu của hàm số mũ 7. Giải phương trình a) 3 x 4 x 5 x b) 3 x x 4 0 => x 1 c) x 2 (3 2 x ) x 2(1 2 x ) 0
=> x 0; x 2
B. CÁC DẠNG PHƯƠNG TRÌNH LOGARIT Dạng 1. Phương trình lôgarit cơ bản 1. Giải phương trình a) lg(152 x 3 ) lg( x 2) 3
b) log 4 x 2 3
Dạng 2. Đưa về cùng một cơ số 2. Giải phương trình a) log 3 x log 9 x log 27 x 11 b)
1 lg(5 x 4) lg x 1 2 lg 0,18 ; 2 x
x
c) log 2 (4.3 6) log 2 (9 6) 1 ; d)
1 1 log 2 ( x 3) log 4 ( x 1) 8 log 2 (4 x ) x = 3 và x 2 3 3 2 4
Dạng3. Sử dụng phương pháp đặt ẩn phụ 3. Giải phương trình
a)
1 1 1 5 lg x 1 lg x
b) 3log x 16 4log16 x 2log 2 x c) log x2 16 log 2 x 64 3. d) log 2 (4
x 1
4)log 2 (4 x 1) log 1 2 2
1 8
2
e) log 32 x (2 x 9 x 9) log 3 x (4 x 12 x 9) 4 0 4. Tìm m để phương trình sau có nghiệm trên khoảng (0; 1)
4(log 2 x ) 2 log 1 x m 0
m
2
1 4
5. Cho phương trình log 32 x log 32 x 1 2m 1 0 => x 3
a) Giải phương trình khi m = 2.
b) Tìm m để phương trình có ít nhất một nghiệm thuộc đoạn [1;3 3 ] .
3
=> 0 m 2
Dạng 4. Sử dụng tính đơn điệu của hàm số mũ 6. Giải phương trình a) log 2 x log 5 (2 x 1) 2
2
b) x lg( x x 6) 4 lg( x 2)
2
c) ( x 2)log 3 ( x 1) 4( x 1)log 3 ( x 1) 16 0. C. HỆ PHƯƠNG TRÌNH MŨ VÀ LÔGARIT 1. Giải các hệ phương trình sau:
log y xy log x y 3 3 a) (log 2 ;log 2 ) x y 2 2 2 2 3
23 x 1 2 y 2 23 x y e) 2 3 x xy 1 x 1
x y (log 2 y log 2 x)(2 xy ) b) 3 3 x y 16
log 2 x 3 5 log 3 y 5 f) 3 log 2 x 1 log 3 y 1
3lg x 4lg y c) lg 4 lg 3 (4 x) (3 y )
g)
x log 3 y 3 d) 2 x (2 y y 12)3 81 y
x 2 y y 2 x h) x y x 1 2 2 x y
ln(1 x) ln(1 y ) x y 2 2 x 12 xy 20 y 0
... 2 x x x .. f) (7 4 3) (2 3) 4. 2.. x x. g). 2 2 2 3 2 6 5 2 3 7 4 4 4 1 x x x x x x. 4. Tìm a Äá» phÆ°Æ¡ng trình sau co nghiá»m: Page 1 of 4 ...
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