3.1. Melody In music, a melody is a succession of sounds, normally with different pitches and durations, that express a musical idea.
3.1.1. Musical phrases
Melodies
are
structured
in
sections called phrases. Phrases are separated by cadences as
linguistic phrases are separated by
punctuation
marks.
A
phrase will end with a weaker or
stronger
depending
on
cadence if
it
is
an
antecedent (when the musical idea is not finished) or consequent phrase (when the musical idea is finished).
3
IES Las Encinas
1º de ESO
Proyecto Bilingüe
3.1.2. Scales A scale is a series of notes arranged from low to high or vice versa.
Most of the music
written since the XVII century uses two types of scales: the major scale and the minor scale. What really defines the type of scale is not its first note but the intervals used to create it. Major scales have the following sequence of whole and half stops: 1
1
½
1
1
1
½
This is the natural minor scale. Can you see the differences?
1
½
1
1
½
4
1
1
IES Las Encinas
1º de ESO
Proyecto Bilingüe
3.1.3. Accidentals Accidentals are symbols that modify the pitch. The sharp (#) symbol raises a note by a half-step, while the flat (b) symbol lowers the note, also by a halfstep. The becuadro cancels the effect of the sharp or the flat. Sharp
Flat
Becuadro
3.1.4. Intervals An interval measures the distance between two notes. We obtain its name by counting the number of notes. The first and last note must be counted and you must know the order of the musical notes to be able to count the notes. However, not all intervals of the same numerical classification are of the same size. That is why we need to specify the quality by finding the exact number of whole and half steps in the interval.
5
IES Las Encinas
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Proyecto Bilingüe
2. Harmony In Western music, harmony is the
use
of
different
pitches
simultaneously and often refers to the
"vertical"
aspects
of
music,
distinguished from ideas of melodic line, or the "horizontal" aspect. Three simultaneously
or
more
sounded
notes form
a
chord. We can feel different sorts of feelings when we hear a chord. Normally, we differentiate between consonant (relax) and dissonance (tension). Typically, a dissonant chord (chord with a
tension) will become in a consonant chord. A good harmonization usually sounds pleasant to the ear when there is a balance between the consonant and dissonant sounds. To simplify, that occurs when there is a balance between "tension" and "relax" moments. Due to this, tensions are usually 'prepared' and then 'resolved'.
In music, a melody is a succession of sounds, normally with different pitches and durations, that express a musical idea. 3.1.1. Musical phrases. Melodies are ...
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