Vardhaman Mahaveer open University, Kota M.Sc. Chemistry (Second Year) Organic Chemistry Paper Code: MSc CH-06 Reaction Mechanisms, Paricyclic Reactions, Organic Photochemistry, Stereochemistry

Section – A Very short questions 1.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Stability order of following carbonium ions Benzylic, Allylic tertary, secondary? ननम्न काबोननयम आयन के स्थानयत्व का क्रम होगा: Benzylic, Allylic tertary, secondary Why cyclopropyl carbonyl carbonium ion is stabilized? क्यों साइक्लोकाबोनॉयल आयन स्थायी होता है? Which type of structure of carboniun ion? काबोननयम आयन की सरं चना नलनखए। Which compound are isoelectronic with carbanions? कौनसा यौनगक काबोननयम आयन के साथ समइलेक्राननक अवस्था में होता है? One of the modern methods of studying free radicals is? नकस तकननकी की सहायता से आधनु नक समय में मक्त ु मल ु क का अध्ययन नकया जाता है? What is the stability order of following radicals? ननम्न मक्त ु मल ु कों का स्थायीत्व का क्रम नलनखए। (a) Benzylic (b) Allylic (c) tertiary (d) Seconday (e) Peimary (f) 𝐶𝐻3 Give the one example of Gomberg Bachmann reaction? गामबगग बेकमान अनभनक्रया का उदाहरण नलनखए। Which type of carbine are more stable? नकस प्रकार नक काबीन अनधक स्थायी होती है? Which Hybridation are present in singlet nitrene? Singlet Nitrene में नकस प्रकार का सक ं रण होता है? In the Hafmann reaction the rate of Reaction are depended. हाफमान अनभनक्रया में अनभनक्रया की दर ननभगर करती है? Define the Sautzeff rule? सेतजेफ ननयम को पररभानषत कीनजए। Define the Hafmann rule?

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

हाफमान ननयम को पररभानषत कीनजए। What is the electrocyclic reaction? Electrocyclic अनभनक्रया क्या है? Define the pericyclic reaction. Pericyclic अनभनक्रया को पररभानषत कीनजए। Define the cyclo addition reaction? Cycloaddition अनभनक्रया को पररभानषत कीनजए। Give the one example of sigmatropic reaction? Sigmatropic अनभनक्रया का उदाहरण दीनजए। Define the sigmatropic reaction? Sigmatropic अनभनक्रया को पररभानषत कीनजए। Give the one example of cyclo addition reaction? Cycloaddition reaction का एक उदाहरण दीनजए। Give the one example of electrocyclic reaction? Electrocyclic reaction का एक उदाहरण दीनजए। What is the Fluorescence? Fluorescence क्या है? Define the phosphorescence process? Phosphorescence process को पररभानषत कीनजए। Which type of transition are possible in carbonyl compounds? काबोनायल यौनगकों में नकस प्रकार का स्थानान्तरण सम्भव है? Define the paterno buchi reaction. Paterno Buchi अनभनक्रया को पररभानषत कीनजए। Define the Narrish cleavages. Narrish cleavages को पररभानषत कीनजए। Which type of transition are involved in photo chemical reaction of compound? प्रकाश रायायननक अनभनक्रया यौनगकों में नकस प्रकार का स्थानान्तरण सम्भव है?

26.

Give the one example of 𝐷𝑖 − 𝜋 methane rearrangement.

27.

𝐷𝑖 − 𝜋 methane rearrangement का उदाहरण दीनजए। Give the one example of suitable (2+2) cycloaddition reaction. (2+2) cycloaddition अनभनक्रया का उदाहरण दीनजए।

28.

Which type of the production from following reaction ननम्न अनभनक्रयाओ ं के उत्पाद नलनखए।

29. 30. 31. 32. 33.

34. 35.

36. 37.

Define the barton reaction. Barton reaction को पररभानषत कीनजए। Which type of transition are present in Azo compound? Azo compounds में नकस प्रकार का स्थानान्तरण सम्भव है? Define the conformers? Conformers क्या है? पररभानषत कीनजए। Define the Rotational Isomers? Rotational Isomers को पररभानषत कीनजए। Which compound are thermodynamically more stable : ननम्न में से कौनसा compound ज्यादा स्थायी है : (a) Meso isomer (b) Active isomer Give the one example of Meso isomer. Meso isomer का एक उदाहरण नलनखए। In following compound the stability order of conformers of cyclooctane is boat chair, crown, chair, Boart Boat, Boat. ननम्न Cyclooctane confermers का स्थायीत्व क्रम नलनखए: Boat chair, crown, chair, Boart Boat, Boat. Which form is more stable in Cyclooctane? Cyclooctane का कौनसा संरूपण ज्यादा स्थायी होता है? Complete the following reaction: ननम्न अनभनक्रयाओ ं को पणू ग कीनजए :

38. 39. 40. 41.

42.

43. 44. 45. 46. 47.

Write the name of compound gives cis-trans isomerisation. Cis-trans समावयवता वाले नकसी यौनकग का नाम नलनखए। Which type of compounds give the narrish type-II cleavage. नकस प्रकार के यौनगक narrish type-II पकार नक अनभनक्रया देते हैं? Which type of states involved in Narrish cleavages? Narrish cleavages में नकस प्रकार नक States पायी जाती हैं? Which type of transition are possible when carbonyl compound are absorbed UV visible radition. काबोनायल यौनगकों द्वारा UV visible radition अवशोषण द्वारा नकस प्रकार के स्थानान्तरण सम्भव हैं? Which type of ransition are possible when Alkenes are absorbed UV-visible radition? एनककन यौनगकों द्वारा UV visible radition अवशोषण द्वारा नकस प्रकार के स्थानान्तरण सम्भव हैं? Define the photo sensitizer. Photo sensitizer को पररभानषत कीनजए। Define the fluroscence process? Fluroscence को पररभानषत कीनजए। Define the chromphere with example? Chromphere को पररभानषत कीनजए उदाहरण सनहत। Define the phosphorescence process. Phosphorescence को पररभानषत कीनजए। Complete the following reaction: ननम्न अनभनक्रया को पणू ग नकनजए:

48.

What are sigmatropic shift? Sigmatropic shift क्या है?

49.

Give the one example of 𝛾-Elimanation reaction?

50. 51.

52.

53. 54. 55.

𝛾-Elimanation reaction का एक उदाहरण दीनजए। Define the fries rearrangement process. निश पनु गनवन्यास को पररभानषत कीनजए। In the curtius reactin acyl azides gives the product when are thermally decomposed. कनटगयश अनभनक्रया के दौरान acyl azides द्वारा तापीय अपघटन में कौनसा उत्पाद प्राप्त होता है? Which intermediate are formed in wagner meerwein rearrangement? Wagner Meerwein rearrangement के दौरान मध्यस्थ (Intermediate) बनने वाली नस्पनशज कौनसी है? Which Intermediate are forms in pinacol-pinacalone rearrangement. Pinacol-Pinacalone rearrangement के दौरान बनने वाली स्पीनशज कौनसी है? Define the trans annulator rearrangements. Trans annulator rearrangements को पररभानषत कीनजए। Complete the following reaction: ननम्न अनभनकया को पररपणू ग नकनजए:

56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.

62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.

Give the structure of Arynes. Arynes की संरचना दीनजए। Give the structure of singlet Nitrene. Singlet Nitrene की संरचना दीनजए। Give the structure of triplet Nitrene. Triplet Nitrene की संरचना दीनजए। Give the structure of singlet carbine. Singlet carbine की संरचना दीनजए। Define the carbenoids. Carbenoids को पररभानषत कीनजए। Carbenes are formed by following compound: ननम्न यौनगकों द्वारा काबीन का ननमागण कीनजए: (a) Ketene (b) diazo compounds Which type of cleavage are generated face radicals? नकस प्रकार के नवखण्डन द्वारा मक्त ु मल ु कों का ननमागण होता है? Which type of cleavage are generated carbonium ions? नकस प्रकार के नवखण्डन द्वारा Carbonium ions का ननमागण होता है? Give the one example of addition reaction of free radials. मक्त ु ् मल ु क योगात्मक अनभनक्रया का उदाहरण दीनजए। Which type of radicals detected by molecular weight determination? Molecular weight determination द्वारा नकस प्रकार के मक्त ु मल ु कों का अध्ययन कीनजए। Define the Redox reaction. Redox reaction को पररभानषत कीनजए। Which type of Intermediate are formed in decarboxylation reaction.

68. 69. 70. 71.

72.

Decarboxylation reaction के दौरान बनने वाली स्पीनशज का नाम नलनखए। Give the one example of claisn ester condensation reaction. Claisn ester condensation reaction का उदाहराण दीनजए। Write the structure of carbanions. Carbanions की संरचना बनाईए। Write the structure of carbonium ions. Carbonium ions की संरचना दीनजए। Write the structure of tropane compound. Tropane compound की संरचना दीनजए। Give the one example of 𝐸1 mechanism. 𝐸1 अनभनक्रया का उदाहरण दीनजए।

Answer Key

5.

Benzylic allylic > tertiary > Seconary Stabilized by conjugation between banana bonds of the Ring and Vacant Porbital. Planar as well as coplanar. Amines ESR and EPR

6.

Benzylic > allylic > tertiary > secondary > Primary > 𝐶𝐻3

1. 2. 3. 4.

7.

8.

Triplet carbene

9.

𝑆𝑃 2 hybridised Leaving grop Ability of ‘R’ group. Acording to saytzedd rule elimination reaction of an unsymmetrical substrate, yields more substituted ethylene as the major product. According to Hafmann in the eliminations of unsymmetrical oxuim salts, olefin bearing smaller number of alkyl groups is the major product.

10. 11. 12.

13.

Electrocyclic reaction may be defined as the formation of a 𝜎-bond between the termini of a conjugates 𝜋-system or the reverse process.

14.

Pericyclic reactions are concerted reaction, taking place through a cyclic transition state.

15.

A addition reaction between two or more 𝜋-systems to form a cyclic adduct or the reverse process.

16.

17.

These reactions an atom (H or D) or a group migrates with its 𝜎-bond form the 𝛼-position of a double bond to a new position in the 𝜋-system/

18.

Two alkene molecule (2𝜋 ⊝ each with) 19.

20.

Fluoresence is emission of radiation from an excited state to give a lower state without change in multiplicity. 𝑆′ state

21.

→ 𝑆0 state -hv Emission of radiation from an excited state to give a lower state with change in multiplicity is called phosphorecnece. 𝑇1 ′ state

→ -hv

𝑆0 state

22. 23. 24.

25.

𝑛 − 𝜋∗ ∗ 𝜋 − 𝜋∗ Cycbaddition between a carbonyl compound and an olefin under photochemical conditions is called paterno-Buchi reaction. Homolytic fission of c-c bonds in carbonyl compounds under photo chemical conditions are called Narrish cleavages. Only 𝜋 − 𝜋 ∗

26.

27.

28.

29.

Nitrites with a hydrogen atom in the 𝛿-poistion are converted to 4nitrosoalcohals this reaction is known as the Barton reaction.

30.

𝑛 − 𝜋 ∗, 𝜋 − 𝜋 ∗ In saturated acylic compounds rotation around one or more single bonds leads to formation of sterioisomers called confermers.

31.

32. 33.

Confermers are also know as rotamers. Meso-Isomer is more stable.

34.

35. 36.

Boat. Chair ? Crown > Chair > Boat-Boat> Boat. Boat-Chair is more stable.

37.

38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44.

45. 46. 47.

48.

Olefins Ketones with r-H Both 1(𝑛−𝜋 ∗ ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3(𝜋−𝜋 ∗ ) 𝜋 − 𝜋∗, 𝑛 − 𝜋∗ 𝜋 − 𝜋∗ Photoelectrochemical process usually involve transforming light into other form of energy. Fluroscence is emission of radiation from an excites state to give a lower state without change in multiplicity. 𝑇1 → 𝑆0 state. 𝐶ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒

49.

50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

56.

57.

58.

An aryl ester is treated with anhydrous aluminum chloride the acyl group migrates to the available ortho and pera positions in the aromatic ring. Amines Carbonium Ion Carbonium Ion Group shifts in which migration origin and migration termins are separated by two or more bond are called transannular rearrangements.

59.

60.

Carbenoids are carbine like and gives products appearing to the derived from carbenes. Carbenoids are obtained by the reaction of gem dihalogen compounds with alkyl metals or metals.

61.

62. 63. 64.

65. 66. 67. 68.

Homolytic clevege Hetralytic cleavage Halogen addition

More stable free radicals. Both reduction and oxidation are going on side by side this known as a redex reaction. Carbanion Radical formed.

69.

Carbanions are Negatively charged tri covelent carbon species the carbanion carbon carries an unshared electron pair.

70.

Carbonium ions are positively charges tricovelent carbon species.

71.

72.

Section – B 73.

74.

75. 76. 77. 78. 79.

80. 81.

82.

Method of formation of carbonium ion form : कोबोननयम आयन को ननम्न तररकों से बनाईए: (a) An alkane एकके न (b) An alcohol एककोहल How are carbonions detected? Outline the mechanism of Claisen ester condensation. काबोनाइस को नकस प्रकार नचनन्हत करोगे? क्लेजन एस्टर संधनन को समझाइए। Write a short notes of Gomberg Bachmann reaction. Gomberg Bachmann reaction पर संनिप्त् लेख नलनखए। Write a notes of Auto oxidation with useful example. स्वआक्सीकरण को उपयोगी उदाहरण सनहत समझाइए। Give the cyclopropanation reaction with useful example? सायक्लोप्रोपेनेशन अनभनक्रया को उदाहरण सनह समझाइए। What is the arynes structure with suitable example? उपयोगी उदाहरण सनहत arynes -की संरचना को समझाइए। Write short notes on : ननम्न पर सनिप्त लेख नलनखए: (a) Migratory aptitude (b) Nucleophilic and dectrophilic rearrangements Discuss the mechanism of Baeyer-villiger oxidation. बेगर नवलींगर आक्सीकरण अनभनक्रया को समझाइए। Discuss the mechanism of the Wolff rearrangement. वकु फ पनु गनवन्यास अनभनक्रया को समझाइए। Discuss the mechanism of the reaction of benzamide with 𝐵𝑟2 and alkali. बैन्जेमाइड नक 𝐵𝑟2 व alkali के साथ अनभनक्रयाओ ं का समझाईए।

83.

Explain clearly the steps involved in the conversion of 𝑅 − 𝐶𝑂 − 𝑁𝐻 − 𝑁𝐻2 to an amine. 𝑅 − 𝐶𝑂 − 𝑁𝐻 − 𝑁𝐻2 से amine ननमणग के पद को सस्ु पष्ट तरीके से समझाइए।

84.

Explain the mechanism of reaction of acetophenone with 𝑁𝐻3 𝑖𝑛 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 . 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 के माध्यम से acetophenone की 𝑁𝐻3 के साथ अनभनक्रया को समझाइए।

85.

Discuss the mechanism of an 𝐸1 reaction, with a suitable example. 𝐸1 अनभनक्रया को उपयोगी उदाहरण के साथ समझाइए।

86.

What are pyrolytic elimination reactions? Explain with example. Pyrolytic elimination reactions को उपयोगी उदाहरण के साथ समझाइए।

87.

Explain 𝐸1 mechanism with a suitable example.

88. 89.

90.

91.

92.

93.

𝐸1 अनभनक्रया को उपयोगी उदाहरण के साथ समझाइए What are pericyclic reachons? Explain their salient features. पेररसाइक्लीक अनभनक्रया क्या है, व्याख्या कीनजए। What are con and dis electrocyclic reactions? Explain Explain with two examples. con and dis electrocyclic reactions अनभनक्रया क्या है। आवश्यक दो उदाहरण सनहत समझाइए। What are sigmatropic shifts? What are [i, J] shifts? Explain with two examples. नसग्मारोनपक नशफ्ट क्या है? और [1 J] नशफ्ट क्या है? आवश्यक दो उदाहरण सनहत समझाइए। Define electrocyclic reactions. Explain 4𝑛𝑒 and 4𝑛 + 2 𝑒 electrocyclic reactions with examples. 4𝑛𝑒 and 4𝑛 + 2 𝑒 इलेक्रोसाइक्लीक अनभनक्रया को पररभानषत कीनजए और की आवश्यक दो उदाहरण सनहत व्याख्या कीनजए। Classify the following reactionsn as con and dis electro cyclic. ननम्न अनभनक्रयाओ ं के con & sis रूप में वगीकृ त कीनजए:

Draw the 𝜋 𝑀𝑜 of carbon-carbon double bond. Explain their symmetry properties. काबगन—काबगन् नद्वबन्ध के नलए 𝜋 -आनण्वक किक आरे ख बनाइए तथा सममीती तत्वों का वणगन् कीनजए।

94.

Draw the 𝜋 𝑀𝑜 of allylic carbocation. What are the HOMO and LUMO in its ground state and first excited state?

एलामलीक काबगकेटायन के नलए 𝜋 -आनण्वक किकों का आरे ख बनाइए तथा इसके HOMO व LUMO की ground व exicited state नलनखए। 95.

96.

97.

98.

99.

What is 𝜋 − 𝜋 ∗ transition? Draw the HOMO and LUMO in the 𝑒1 𝑠 of ethylene. 𝜋 − 𝜋 ∗ स्थानान्तरण क्या है? एथाइलीन के HOMO and LUMO नलए रे खांनकत कीनजए। How are the transition states of electrocyclic reactions classified? Explain with suitable examples. Electrocyclic अनभनक्रया के नलए transition states को नक प्रकार वगीकृ त करें गे उपयोगी उदाहरण सनहत समझाइए। Predict the reaction conditions for disrotatory electro cyclisation of a 1, 3, 5triene by PMO method. 1, 3, 5-triene system के नलए disrotatory electro cyclisation condition PMO नसद्धान्त सनहत बताइए। Show by the FMO method that the conrotatory ring closure of a 1, 3-diene is thermally allowed whereas that of 1,3,5-triene is photochemically allowed. FMO नसद्धान्त के द्वारा समझाइए नक 1, 3-diene is thermally allowed होता है जबनक 1,3,5-triene के नलए photochemically allowed है। Draw the orbital symmetry correlation diagram for CON electro cyclisation of 1, 3-diene and predict the symmetry allowed reaction conditions. 1,3-deine के C, O, N electrocylisation के नलए कनिय समरूपता सहसंबंध आरे ख नखंनचए तथा इसके नलए समनमनत अनमु ती conditions को नलनखए।

100. Draw orbital symmetry correlation diagram for

𝜋 4 𝑠 + 𝜋 3 𝑠 cycloaddition

and draw the conclusions 𝜋 4 𝑠 + 𝜋 3 𝑠 के नलए योगात्मक आनण्वक सममीत correlation diagram बनाइए तथा उसके पररणामों को समझाइए। 101. Predict

the reaction conditions for 𝜋 4 𝑠 + 𝜋 3 𝑠 cycloaddition by FMO

method. FMO नसद्धान्त की सहायता से 𝜋 4 𝑠 + 𝜋 3 𝑠 चनक्रय योगात्मक अनभनक्रया को समझाइए। 102. Show

by PMO method that chemically allowed.

𝜋 4 𝑠 + 𝜋 3 𝑠 cycloaddition is photo

PMO नसद्धान्त की सहायता से समझाइए नक 𝜋 4 𝑠 + 𝜋 3 𝑠 चनक्रय योगात्मक अनभनक्रयाएं प्रकाश रायायननक रूप से सम्भव हैं।

103. Predict

the reaction conditions for [1, 5] sigmatropic shfts of a H, by PMO method. PMO नसद्धान्त की सहायता से 1,5—नसग्मारोनपक हाइड्रोजन नशफ्ट को समझाइए। 104. Apply FMO method for the analysis of [1, 3] sigmatropic shifts of a H. FMO नसद्धान्त का उपयोग करते हुए 1,5—नसग्मारोनपक हाइड्रोजन नशफ्ट को समझाइए। 105. Classify the following sigmatropic raction predict the reaction condition by FMO method. ननम्न sigmatropic अनभनक्रया को FMO नसद्धान्त नक सहायता से वगीकृ त कीनजए।

− 𝜋 ∗ and 𝜋 − 𝜋 ∗ transitions in carbonyl compounds? Explain the differences between them.

106. What are 𝑛

काबोनायल यौनगकों में 𝑛 − 𝜋 ∗ व 𝜋 − 𝜋 ∗ transitions को उपयोगी उदाहरण सनहत वगीकृ त करते हुए समझाइए। 107. Explain that the 𝑇1

state need not have same configuration as the 𝑆1 state.

समझाइए नक 𝑇1 state व 𝑆1 state के नलए same configuration नहीं होता। 108. Explain Narrish type I and Type II reactions with suitable examples. Narrish type I and Type II अनभनक्रयाओ ं को आवश्यक उदाहरण सनहत समझाइए। 109. Explain the mechanism of following reactions : ननम्न अनभनक्रयाओ ं को पणू ग कीनजए। (a) Benzophenone + i-propyl alcohol (b) Benzophenone + isobutylene 110. Explain photoinduced cyclodimerisation, cycloaddition and deconjugation with suitable examples. Photoinduced cyclodimerisation, cycloaddition और deconjugation अनभनक्रयाओ ं को आवश्यक उदाहरण की सहायता से समझाइए। 111. Discuss the mechanism of triplet sensitized cis-trans isomerisation of alkenes. एनककन के नलए triplet sensitized cis-trans isomerisation अनभनक्रया को समझाइए। 112. How is singlet oxygen generated? Give two examples of its reactions. Singley oxygen नकस प्रकार प्राप्त की जा सकती है आवश्यक दो उदाहरण दीनजए। 113. Explain crossed aelelitions with any two examples.

Crossed योगात्मक अनभनक्रया को आवश्यक दो उदाहरण सनहत समझाइए। 114. The chemistry of triplet states of tutadiene is quite different from that of its singlet state explain. ब्यटु ाडाइईन नक singlet व triplet state की chemistry नबलकुल नभन्न होती है। समझाइए। 115. What are the products obtained on irradiation of benzene? Formulate the mechanism of their formation. बैनन्जन के irradiation से बनने वाले उत्पाद को नलनखए तथा आवश्यक अनभनक्रया सनहत समझाइए। 116. Write the structure of products in the photo isomerisation of 1,3,5-tributylbenzene. Formulate the mechanism of their formation. 1,3,5-tri-butylbenzene के प्रकाशीय समावयवीयों की संरचना दीनजए तथा आवश्यक उपयोगी अनभनक्रया भी दीनजए। 117. Discuss the mechanism of the following reactions: ननम्न अनभनक्रया की व्याख्या कीनजए।

118. Discuss the photochemical reactions of alkylnitrites.

alkylnitrites नक प्रकाश रासायननक अनभनक्रया की व्याख्या कीनजए। 119. Explain with two suitable examples the influence of intramolecular Hbonding on the conformational stability. दो आवश्यक उदाहरण लेते हुए संगठनात्मक संरूपण नस्थायीत्व में अन्तरा आनण्वक हाइड्रोजन बन्ध का क्या प्रभाव पड़ता है? समझाइए। 120. Discuss the application of x-ray studies in the conformational analysis of stilbene dibromides. Dibromides stilbene के conformational analysis में x-ray नक उपयोनगता को समझाइए। 121. Describe the chair conformation of cyclohexane. Explain chair inversion. Cyclohexane की त्रनु ट संरूपण की व्याख्या कीनजए और chair inversion को समझाइए। 122. Discuss the boat conformation of cyclohexane. Why is the boat conformation of cyclohexane less stable than the chair conformation.

नौका संरूपण को समझाइए तथा क्यों हेक्सेन का नौका संरूपण कुसी संरूपण से कम स्थायी होता है? समझाइए। 123. Formulate the preferred conformations of diastereomeric 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4dimethylcyclohexanones. Diastereomeric 1,2-, 1,3- ,1,4-dimethylcyclohexanones को संरूपण के प्रिेपण सत्रू में नलनखए। 124. Discuss the conformations of : ननम्न संरूपणों की व्याख्या कीनजए: (a) 1-Methyl-1-phenyl cyclohexane (b) Trans-1,2-dibromocyclohexane 125. Formulate the possible conformations of cycloocatne. Explain transannular interactions. चनक्रय आक्टेन के आवश्यक संरूपण को नलनखए तथा transannular interactions को आवश्यक उदाहरण सनहत समझाइए। 126. State curtin-hommelt principle and explain with a suitable example. कटगन हेमंट (curtin-hommelt) नसद्धान्त को आवश्श्यक उदाहरण सनहत समझाइए।

Section – C 127. Explain the mechanism of Autoxidation of organic compounds.

काबगननक यौनगको के स्वआक्सीकरण अनभनक्रया को समझाईए। 128. Explain the Benzein condensation mechanism with suitable example. Benzein condensation अनभनक्रया के अवश्य उदाहरण सनहत समझाइए। 129. Explain the following observations: ननम्न नक व्याख्या करो: (a) Trans-cyclooctene oxide Monoformate of trans-cyclooctane + 4 diol (b) Cis-3-Methoxy cclohexane carbocylic acid chloride rearranges to methyltrans-3-chloro cyclohexane carboxylate. 130. Formulate the mechanism of Beckmann rearrangement of benzophenone oxime. Explain stereospecificity of this rearrangement with an example. benzophenone oxime में Beckmann rearrangement को समझाइए। तथा आवश्यक stereospecificity उदहरण सनहत समझाइए। 131. Discuss the mechanism of fries rearrangement, with a suitable example. How is intermolecular nature of fries rearrangement established. आवश्यक उदाहरण नक सहायता से fries rearrangement अनभनक्रया का समझाइए तथा समझाइए नक कै से intermolecular प्रकृ नत के fries earrangement नस्थायी होते हैं? 132. Explain the following with examples: ननम्न अनभनक्रयाओ ं की आवश्यक उदाहरण सनहत व्याख्या कीनजए: 𝛼-Elimination reactions (b) Electrofuge (c) Nucleofuge 133. Explain ElcB mechanism with suitable example. How is ElcB reaction (a)

differentiated from 𝐸2 reaction? ElcB अनभनक्रया की आवश्यक उदाहरण सनहत समझाइए तथा ElcB अनभनक्रया 𝐸2 अनभनक्रया से नकस प्रकार नभन्न है समझाइए। 134. Write a short note on : सनं िप्त लेख नलनखए: (a) 𝐸1 Solvolusis (b) Kinetic Isotope effect

Antiperiplanar transition state 135. Write short note on : संनिप्त लेख नलनखए: (a) Hofmann rule (c)

Cis eliminations in 𝐸2 reactions 136. Define cycloaddition reactions? What are (m+n) cycloadditions? Cycloaddition (योगात्मक) अनभनक्रया को पररभानषत कीनजए तथा (m+n) योगात्मक अनभनक्रया क्या है? उपयोगी दो उदाहरण सनहत समझाइए। 137. Explain [1, 5]-suprafacil and [1, 5]-antorafacial shifts of a H, with suitable examples. [1, 5]-suprafacil and [1, 5]-antorafacial नशफ्ट क्या है? आवश्यक उदाहरण सनहत व्याख्या कीनजए। (b)

the 𝜋 MO of 1,3-butadiene, Indicate their stability and with suitable examples.

138. Draw

1,3-butadiene के 𝜋-आनण्वक किकों को रे खांनकत कीनजए। आरे ख बनाईए तथा इनकी समनमनत व स्थायीत्व को समझाइए। 139. State the principle of conservation of orbital symmetry. आनण्वक सममीती नसद्धान्त की व्याख्या कीनजए। 140. What are the symmetry elements with respect to which the molecular orbitals of reactant and product are classified drawing the orbital symmetry correlation diagrams for electrocyclic reactions. नकसी अनभनक्रया के नक्रयाकारक व उत्पाद की आवश्यक सममीती तत्वों electrocyclic reaction को वगीकृ त कीनजए तथा के नलए correction diagram आवश्यक अरे ख बनाईए। 141. State woodward-Hoffman’s generalized rule for pericyclic reactions and apply it to 𝜋 4 𝑠 + 𝜋 2 𝑠 cycloaddition. Pericyclic reaction में woodward-Hoffman’s Rule क्या है ?

𝜋4𝑠 +

𝜋 2 𝑠 योगात्मक अनभनक्रया में उपयोग करते हुए समझाइए। 142. Predict

with the help of orbital symmetry correlation diagram that 𝜋 4 𝑠 +

𝜋 2 𝑠 cyclo-addition is photochemically allowed and thermally forbidden. आनण्वक सममीती नसद्धान्त नक सहायता से 𝜋 4 𝑠 + 𝜋 2 𝑠 चनक्रय योगात्मक अनभनक्रया जो photochemically allowed और thermally forbidden होती है। समझाइए। 143. Explain the stereochemistry of [3, 3] shifts by PMO method. PMO नसद्धान्त की सहायता से नत्रनवम रसायन के 3,3 नशफ्ट को समझाइए।

144. Analyze

the [1, 3] suprafacial shift of a group (a) with retention of configuration and (b) with inversion of configuration. [1, 3] suprafacial shift की व्याख्या कीनजए। (a) With retension of configuration (b) With Invesrion of configuration 145. Explain by PMO method that (1, 3) suprafacial shift of a H is photochemically allowed while the [1, 3] antarafacial shift is thermally allowed. PMO नसद्धान्त की सहायता से समझाइए (1, 3) suprafacial shift of a H atom photochemically रूप से allowed होती है, जबनक [1, 3] antarafacial thermally allowed होती है। 146. Write a short note on: ननम्न के संनिप्त लेख नलनखए: (a) Intersystem crossing (b) Triplet energy transfer 147. Write short notes on: ननम्न के संनिप्त लेख नलनखए: (a) Singlet and triplet states (b) Intra molecular triplet energy transfer 148. Write short notes on: ननम्न के संनिप्त लेख नलनखए: (a) Vibrational cascade (b) Phosphorescence (c) Fluorescence 149. Write a short note on : ननम्न के संनिप्त लेख नलनखए: (a) Deconjugation (b) Photochromism (c) Photoenol 150. Explain the mechanism of photo reduction and paterno-buchi reaction with a suitable example. Photo reduction और paterno-buchi अनभनक्रया की आवश्यक उदाहरण सनहत व्याख्या कीनजए। 151. Write short note on: ननम्न के संनिप्त लेख नलनखए:

(a) Perpendicular triplet state (b) Superoxide 152. What are the product in the following reaction? Formulate the mechanism of their formation. ननम्न अनभनक्रयाओ ं नक Reaction mechanism नलनखए तथा आवश्यक उत्पाद बताईए

153. What

are the products in the following reactions? Outline the mechanism of their formation. सनिप्त लेख नलनखए।

(a) Photo smiles rearrangement (b) Photoinduced electrophilic substitution reaction of benzene. 154. Write short notes on : सनिप्त लेख नलनखए। (a) The Barbon reaction (b) Singlet and triplet carbenes 155. Discuss the relative stability of the conformations of : ननम्न संरूपणों के स्थानयत्व को समझाइए। (a) Ethylene chloro hydrins (b) 1,2-difluoro ethene 156. Write short notes on: सनिप्त लेख नलनखए। (a) Pitzer strain (b) Dipole repulsions 157. What are the preferred conformations of the following: ननम्न संरूपणों को समझाइए। (a) Trans 1,3-dibromocyclobutane

Cis-1,2-diethylcyclopentane (c) Methyl cyclohexane 158. Explain the following with a suitable example: ननम्न की आवश्यक उदाहरण सनहत व्याख्या कीनजए : (a) Pyromidal inversion (b) Transannular interactions (b)

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