The Hoya Corona Part II

By Dale Kloppenburg

Dale Kloppenburg 6427 N. Fruit Ave. Fresno California All rights reserved © 15 July 2003 Revised August 2009 Revised August 2010

157

Hoya golamcoiana Kloppenburg 1991

Top view of the corolla and crown enlarged about 13X. The outer lobes barely reach the corolla sinuses. The inner lobes are dentate and almost meet at the center. Note the rudimentary bilobed extensions that begin as swellings beside the retinaculum and proceed to the outer apex leaving the apex marginate. This places the species in the Acanthostemma subsection Angusticarinata.

Top and bottom view of the corona enlarged about 13X. Below (left) the scales are channeled to near the central column, here thickened and with some of the stellate corolla

158

hairs attached, this surface is finely sulcate. The outer apex sows the emarginate character due to the extending rudimentary bilobes.

Top is a side view of a coronal scale, which shows the inner rounded lobe above the papery anther. The lower picture is a skewed view to show the concave upper surface of the scale and the shape of the anther under the inner lobe of the scale. Both are enlarged about 16X.

Corona: Below channeled, sides sulcate longitudinally almost to column, column thick opening 0.13 cm, stellate hairs at base sticking straight out 0.18 cm. long. Anther wings protrude slightly, thick but not doubled. Apex to apex Apex to center widest (top) Ret. to ret. Ret. - center Aw. to aw. Aw. - center Aw. to ret. scale depth

0.35 cm. 0.39 cm. 0.13 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.21 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.14 cm.

159

Hoya graveolens Kerr 1939

Bottom view of the corona (a little fuzzy) enlarged about 8X. Scales are channeled with their edges finely sulcate not reaching the central area where there is a small column. Top is horizontal.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes are short, dentate and do not reach the center. Outer lobes are acute, dorsal slightly keeled and sunken in from the edges which are sharp. Structure glabrous. Anther wings are doubled and the center projects. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret. Aw. – aw. Ret. center Ret. aw.

0.33 cm. 0.35 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.18 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.09 cm.

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Scale lays almost flat, with the two ends slightly raised. Anther exceeds the inner lobe. Scale tapers from below to make the outer apical area relatively thin in depth. Anther wing very deeply scythe shaped.

160

Hoya greenii Kloppenburg 1995

Side view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Outer lobes raised well above the inner lobes and exposing the channeled under surface. Lobes are waxy and upper surface is finely sculptured (see Right lobe surface).

Lower surface of the corona enlarged about 8X. Bottom of scales are channeled, forming edges thickened and surface is sulcate. There is a thickened central column. Column 0.12 cm. tall, widest 0.23 cm. and opening 0.12 cm (where the ovaries fit).

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes touch in the center, are spatulate and surface unusually roughened and also finely sulcate at their base (near outer lobe). Outer lobes rained, narrow but with depth. Apex – center Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Ret. – aw. Aw.- aw. Aw- center

0.43 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.14 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.26 cm.

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X. Inner lobe covers the anther and is sulcate. Outer lobe is raised, waxy surfaced, narrow but deep. Here the column is attached below to the left.

161

Stylar table with raised somewhat capitate center, here enlarged about 8X. Below column slit (open) showing a typical column structure. The dark area above is fused stylar staminal material lower end of which adjoins the ovary apices.

162

Hoya hainanensis Merrill 1923

Top view of a flower enlarged about 16X. The coronal lobes exceed the corolla sinuses, outer lobes are obtuse with a keel down the center. Inner lobes are elongate, raised into a central dome, they do not cover the center, surface is glabrous.

Bottom view of the corona: The lobes are channeled, with obtuse apex. Central area has a well developed column. Crown diameter is 0.70 cm.

163

Type # 9759 (UC)

Bottom view of the corona. Scales are channeled, apex rounded with a central column. Scales are 0.30 cm. long and crown diameter is 0.70 cm. Scales horizontal with center raised, inner lobes narrow and do not cover the center.

164

Hoya halconensis Kloppenburg 1990

Inside surface of the flower at the sinus area coronal lobe in red. enlarged about 8X. Inner surface is pubescent, corolla outer lobe apex exceeds the corolla sinus.

Bottom of the corona enlarged about 16X. lower lobes are channeled to about even with the sinus area. the Anther wings are doubled with center acute and they project beyond the scale sinuses, thee is a short central column. Scaled are plump and fully rounded, none of the surfaces are sulcate.

Upper surface of the coronal scale enlarged about 16X. This is a large corona. Inner apex is thick spatulate and dies not reach the center. Dorsal surface has a low rounded ridge from the inner apex to the outer that is narrowly obtuse. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret. Ret – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center

165

0.80 cm. 0.86 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.30 cm.

The anthers exposed at the apical area are somewhat creped. Inner coronal lobe is raised a little and the outer lobe slopes to the outer apex.

Side view of a coronal scale greatly enlarged showing the shape, creped anthers above the inner spatulate raised inner lobe sloping dorsal to the rounded outer apex. Anther wings are not deeply curved, scale is full and plump. All surfaces without sulcations.

Coronal center with scale apices and anthers removed to expose the central stylar crown which is a little raised and sub-pointed with slight ridges leading away the fife corners.

Picture from Monina Siar

166

Hoya heuschkeliana Kloppenburg 1989 This rose colored Type clone originally collected by Professor Juan Pancho at Lake Buluson, Luzon, Philippines.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The inner angle and scale back rise sharply to the center. The inner lobe is spatulate as are most of the Section Acanthostemma species, the lobes do not reach the center so the anthers are exposed. The outer lobe has bilobed shelves that barely exceed the outer rounded (obtuse) apex.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Note that the bilobed extensions are not shelves arising from along the side of the scales but are formed from the lower surface of the scale itself and are the sides of the central groove on this lower surface, the lobes do not wrap around the outer apex. To the lower left is a portion of the corolla pealed back.

167

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X, inner lobe spatulate and rather thin, anthers exceed the inner apex, outer apical apex bilobed extensions are visible.

Corona: Rises up to the center. The inner lobe is spatulate and thin, it does not exceed the anthers, which are visible in the flower center covering the pentagonal stylar table; the center is raised and has a bifid apex. The bilobes often exceed the outer apex by 0.02 cm. Apex to apex Widest Depth

0.23 cm. excluding side lobes. 0.09 cm. 0.10 cm.

168

Hoya heuschkeliana subsp. cajanoae Kloppenburg & Siar 2007

Corona side view enlarged about 8X. This is an upright bilobed corona. The inner apex is spatulate coverinng a narrowly rounded apex, anthers with acute apices are slightly longer, dorsal lobe surface is convex in central portion and surface is finely crystalline, bilobes have rounded apices and are narrow, turned up at the ends, outer apex of coronal lobe is obtuse between the two bilobed extensions and its end is connected on each side to the lower bi-lobes. Column sticking out below is 0.10 cm. long and 0.09 cm wide in the center. Apex of the corona greatly enlarged showing the inner apex of the coronal scales curved inward over the inner apex. Anthers just slightly longer. Apex – apex Apex – end Widest Ret. – ret. Base width Width to lobe apex Central height

0.40 cm. 0.45 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.19 cm. bilobed extensions 0.04 long. 0.15 cm. 0.39 cm.

Side view of an individual coronal scale enlarged about 16X Note thin anther at the top above the inner coronal lobe, the bi-lobe on the left side, the central coronal lobe to the right with oval sides. Below are the bilobes extending to the right and beyond the apex of the central lobe. The beginning of the bi-lobe upper left is where the retinaculum would be. At the top is the rather wide based acute apex of the anther extending above the spatulate inner lobe.

169

Greatly enlarged apex of the coronal inner apical area with the anther to the left and above the inner spatulate apex to the right.

Outer apical area of the corona greatly enlarged showing the obtuse upward turning bilobed ends, their surface is sulcate whereas the scale propped is granulose or crystalline. Most would probably identify it as finely postulate.

The stylar crown greatly enlarged with the clear anther apices in the background. The inner lobes of the corona have been removed, below is the central part of the corona.

170

Material from a yellow colored flowered clone.

Sidewise view of the flower enlarged about 16X. Note that this clone opens up more than the rose Type clone; the center is readily visible. The flower is almost campanulate rather than urceolate. The corolla lobes are reflexed.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The two lower lobes associated as part of each scale form the channel below. The apex portion of these lobes are rounded and turn down. There is a small column in the center. The scale apex is blunt and squared off somewhat rounded.

171

Top view of the scale enlarged about 16X. The bilobes extend here quite a distance beyond the outer lobe apex. The inner apex almost reaches the center; they are spatulate.

Corona: upright (high centered), inner lobe spatulate and here the inner lobes almost meet. Bilobes form the channel on the lower surface, the outer apex is blunt and rounded, back of scale relatively narrow. Stylar center raised and capitate, ornate, green colored. Apex to apex Apex to end Widest Anther wing to aw. Retinacula to ret.

0.21 cm. 0.26 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.06 cm.

172

Hoya ilagii Kloppenburg & Siar

Lower surface (ventral) surface of the corona enlarged ca. 8X. The lobes are channeled tightly, with outer apex acute, sides turned under tightly, diagonal sulcate surface, center with a prominent collar. Collar 0.03 cm tall Apex – collar 0.30 cm channel ca. 0.25 cm long.

Inside surface (dorsal) of the corona enlarged as above. Surfaces are glabrous. Inner coronal lobe does not reach the center, dorsal is concave, edges rolled. Outer apex acute. Apex – apes Apex – center Widest dorsal Ret. – ret Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center

0.29 cm 0.31 cm 0.10 cm 0.05 cm 0.05 cm 0.12 cm 0.10 cm

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged ca. 16X. Outer lobes are raised slightly, inner lobes are short dentate. Anthers are relatively large triangular membranous. Anther wings are fairly deeply curved

Anther wing area of the corona. Note it has rounded slightly protruding apex. The Anther wings are thick walled leading toward the Retinacular area.

173

Hoya imbricata Decaisne 1844

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Lobes are channeled all the way to the central thickened column. Column is 0.15 cm. in diameter and 0.05 cm. tall.

Top view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Coronal outer lobes do not quite reach the corolla sinuses. Inner lobes are raised and spatulate and are short of reaching the center. Anthers are very long. Dorsal surface raised into a broad keel with an umbo near the inner lobe. Narrow side lobes extend to the emarginate apex.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Note the long anthers and the narrow bilobed shelves that extend to the lobe outer apex. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Retinaculum – ret. Ret. – center Anther wing – aw. Aw. - center

0.21 cm. 0.28 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.10 cm.

Corona of plant collected in Central Sulawesi, Tonsu Hill near Tenom. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret. Ret. - center Aw. – aw. Aw. - center

0.19 cm. 0.28 cm. 0.06 cm. more narrow. 0.10 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.13 cm. 0.20 cm.

174

This clone has a flower twice as large as the others. Sent by Dexter Heuschkel, Manila, Philippines to Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii. Philippine collection area unknown. Side view of the corona with one scale removed to expose the stylar table in the center enlarged about 8X. The center is raised with a mealy apiculated expanded come on the apex. Here again the anthers are very long, scales with narrow side lobes even more pronounced in this clone. Inner apex is spatulate. In bilobed structure this species is close to the Section Acanthostemma (Bl.) Kloppenburg an intermediate from the Subsection Angusticarinata Kloppenburg. Corona:

.

Apex -apex Apex - center Widest Ret - ret. Ret. - center Aw - aw. Aw. - center Center - apex Aw. lgth. Depth (ht.) Base lgth. Collar Anther lgth.

0.39 cm. 0.43 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.28 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.26 cm. 0.19 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.23 cm.

Width

0.04 cm.

175

Hoya imperialis Lindley 1846 Bottom portion of the corona enlarged about 16X. lobes are channeled just in from the sinuses are glabrous and extremely finely sulcate, in from this the area is covered with stellate hair cells pointing downward (distally), around the central column, opening is nearly round 0.53 cm. in diameter. Column is 0.50 cm. in diameter at center. and 0.30 cm. tall.

Sinus area from below of the corona enlarged ca. 16X. From the anther wing to the lower sinus where the side lobes meet is 0.44 cm., edges are rounded and smooth. Anther wing is thick on each edge. Aw. – aw. Aw. – ret. Aw. – center

0.70 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.70 cm.

Looking down on center of corona, showing the acute apices above the crinkled anthers. Each inner lobe is shelved below the sharp apex. Retinaculum here is dark area to the center left. Distance between to adjacent inner apices is 0.20 cm. Ret. – ret. Ret. – center

0.40 cm. 0.28 cm.

Side view of an inner coronal lobe apical area enlarged ca. 16X. Note the acute apex then below and toward the center the sharp wider shelf of this lobe, below the curve (left side) is the clear anther apical area and below this the yellowish pollinium.

176

Lower down from the inner apex (above) is the apex of the outer lobe, very full rounded (blunt obtuse), dorsal is sway backed, and below this on the right side is the lower coronal channeled area. In less elongated portion this is like the new Philippine hoya species Hoya linavergara Kloppenburg & Siar.

Following the above photos down the coronal outer side the channel is shown here in side vies with the thick smooth rounded edges. From the outer apex to the bottom of this portion of the scale is 0.70 cm. and from the outer edge at the bottom to the Anther wings is 0.65 cm.

177

Hoya inconspicua Hemsley 1894 These are from a plant collected by me in 1984 at the Guadalcanal Botanical Garden accompanied by the late Geoff Dennis. The flower parts are from a 1988 flowering in Fresno, California.

Side view of a flower enlarged about 16X. Note the coronal lobes rise sharply to the center but do not fold over it. The corolla is exceptionally thickly pubescent which is composed of long clear single white celled hairs, mostly pointing toward the flower center. The coronal back (dorsal) has a large prominent umbo and the outer lobe apex is cut off abruptly. The bilobed extensions extend well past the outer apex but do not curl over each other at the ends.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged 16X. The upper shows the bilobes extending beyond the outer apex and the tips curve slightly so the two apices just touch. The scales are channeled for just a short distance and in from this groove are waxy swollen protrusions (5) surrounding the central area. Here the two ovaries did not pull away with the calyx when it was removed.

178

Top view of a corona enlarged about 16X. The corona is a little dried out and so shriveled a little. The inner lobes do not reach the center so the anthers are exposed, here a little crepe-like on the edges. The inner apex is spatulate as is the case with the majority of Acanthostemma species. The central portion of the scales is broadened and then taper rapidly outward. The bilobes are broad, beginning just below the inner lobe and extending along the sides and well beyond the outer apex.

Corona: Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.22 cm. 0.24 cm. 0.14 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.19 cm. 0.19 cm.

179

Hoya incrassata Warburg 1904

Top view of a flower enlarged about 16X. The outer coronal apex reaches the corolla sinus. Corolla inside is almost crystalline in appearance, but very finely puberulous. Corona is glabrous. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Ret. - ret. Ret - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.30 cm. 0.33 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.18 cm. 0.15 cm.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The lobes are channeled from the apex to near the column, surface is glabrous.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Dorsal is nearly horizontal, slightly cupped edges and center a little raised. inner lobe dentate and does not reach the center. Retinaculum flat and plainly visible. Anther wings doubled and thick. Outer apex acuta, reaches the corolla sinuses or a little beyond. Anthers are broad based and membranous. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 32X. Inner lobe is slightly raised is dentate, dorsal, nearly horizontal with small umbo in the center, outer apex from above appears acute but is narrow and rounder in side view. Anther exceeds the inner lobe, Anther wings are deeply scythe shaped, sides thickened. 180

Hoya ischnopus Schlechter 1913

Bottom view of the corona, lobes are channeled to just in from the sinuses and edges beautifully sulcate, surfaces are glabrous. Central column is raises 0.04 cm. tall and 0.19 cm. in diameter adjacent areas open. Scale apex rounded and apex bent under.

Inside surface of the corona, outer lobes obtuse, inner lobes dentate and do not reach the center, dorsal cupped just out from inner lobe and raised toward outer lobe. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – ret.

0.44 cm. 0.47 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.26 cm. 0.12 cm.

Side view of a coronal scale greatly enlarged, surfaces are glabrous. Outer apex rounded and turned under, inner apex raised. scale plump and 0.24 cm. deep. Anther wing is deeply scythe shaped. Anthers exceed the inner lobe apex.

181

Hoya juannguoana Kloppenburg 2002

Corona: white, inner lobes dentate but nearly abortive they are so thin and short not reaching the center, dorsal surface flat to slightly raised outward, edges raised with very low inconspicuous keel down the center. Channeled below to sinus area, finely and beautifully sulcate. Anther wings prominent, yellow, double walled. Column 0.05 cm. tall. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest Anther wing to aw. Retinaculum to ret. Retinaculum to center Retinaculum to end

0.36 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.11 cm.

Top view of the corona and corolla enlarged about 8X. Note the short inner coronal lobes, nearly abortive, not reaching the center but exceeding the corolla sinuses.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Channeled with this surface of the scale lobed finely sulcate, Anther wings with double sides.

Scale side view enlarged about 16X. Flat on top with a sharp edge and slight keep in center outer apex

182

rounded. Anther wing deeply scythe shaped, inner lobe short, with anthers exceeding.

Hoya kanlaonensis Kloppenburg, Siar & Ferreras 2010

Bottom side of the corona enlarged ca. 15X. The object is a little skewed due to shipment, lobes are bi-lobed, glabrous on all surfaces, channeled all the way to lobe apices. Bi-lobes extend considerably beyond lobe proper. Center is columnar slightly thickened. The lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses.

Dorsal surface of the corona enlarged as above. Center is raised and covered by the spatulate inner coronal lobes, outer lobes are short concave near outer apex that is obtuse, bilobes are cupped after the corona apex turned to meet at the ends surfaces are sulcate.

Dorsal view of a flower enlarged ca. 16X. The coronal lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. Apex- apex Apex – ends Bilobes Widest Ret. – ret. Ret.- center Aw. –aw. Aw. – center

183

0.15 cm 0.25 cm 0.10 cm 0.10 cm 0.07 cm 0.07 cm 0.15 cm 0.15 cm

Hoya kanyakumariana Henry & Swaminathan 1978

Top view of the flower enlarged about 8X. The outer lobes of the corona just reach the corolla sinuses. The inside corolla surface is densely pubescent

Bottom view of a corona enlarged about 8X. There are narrow flat shelf like extensions along the sides of each scale which reach the outer apex making it emarginate. Sides curve under to form a channel and are diagonally sulcate. Edges are curved and thickened toward the anther wings and nearly reach the central column that is 0.04 cm. tall not much thickened.

Enlarged bottom of a scale to show the fine diagonal sulcations on the curved sides of the corolla. To the upper right the thin side shelf is visible looping from the anther wing area to the outer apex.

184

Top view of the corona on the corolla enlarged about 8X. Scale outer apex reaches the corolla sinus. Inner apex does not reach the center and is narrowly spatulate, Dorsal is sunken along the edges and center domed to the outer apex. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Ret. - ret. Ret - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.26 cm. 0.29 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.15 cm.

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged over 16X. Dorsal is nearly horizontal, Inner apex raised, anther exceeding the inner apex. Anther wings not deeply curved. Outer apex sub acute and emarginate from narrow side shelves that reach the apex.

185

Hoya Kapatalanensis Kloppenburg & Siar

Side view of a flower enlarged about 8X. The corolla is revolute, thin, outside glabrous inside puberulous. Corona sits conspicuously above the corolla. Corolla: Sinus – sinus Sinus – center Sinus – apex Apex – center Widest

0.20 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.50 cm. 0.25 cm.

Corona enlarged about 16X. Surfaces are glabrous. Inner lobes are tapered cylindrical and raised to the membranous anthers in the center. The dorsal lobes are narrow, centrally concave, edged rolled and thick, outer lobe well above the corolla and side lobes rise toward this apex as rudimentary bilobes. Anther wings and retinacula well exposed between the narrow coronal lobes.

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 32X. Inner lobe raised round, above the triangular anther, Dorsal of lobe narrow and apex obtuse tapering down to the channeled underside, with rudimentary lobes on either side extending about ¾ the way to the outer apex.. Apex – apex Widest dorsal Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw.

186

0.28 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.12 cm.

Hoya kastbergii Kloppenburg 2003

View enlarged of the corona and inner corolla surface. The center is raised, scale lobes tapering outward and outer apices emarginate and nearly reaching the corolla sinuses. Naturally deep redlilac color, with corolla a pale yellow-rose. Note the thickness of the scales and the lower narrow lobes at the base which extend to the apex.

Top view of the corona enlarged, natural color rose-lilac. Apex - apex Apex - center Retinacula- ret. Ret. - center Anther Wing - aw. Aw. - Center

0.30 cm. 0.32 cm. 0.07 cm 0.07 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.17 cm.

Dorsal surface rounded with elongated groove in center. There are narrow side lobes, which extend from near the retinacula to the apices.

Lower enlarged view of the corona. The sides are sulcate and center grooved. The narrow extensions curve inward more tightly toward the apex. There is a thickened collar in the center. All surfaces here are glabrous.

187

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged. Inner lobe is spatulate and turned up over the anther. The narrow shelf along the lower side of the scale is typical of the subsection Angusticarinata Kloppenburg. This shelf extends to the apex making it emarginate. Anther wings are not deeply scythe shaped. Surface is finely sulcate.

An enlarged view of the staminal crown, to the back and right are two scales (the other 3 removed) exposing the pentagonal table. The center is a raised column with a short tapered apical area. In the old literature this was mistakenly thought to be the stigma. It is plane to see the spatulate nature of the inner lobe on the upper left scale.

188

Hoya kenejiana Schlechter 1913

Top view of the flower (inside) enlarged about 16X. Corolla inside densely pubescent. Corona lobes are glabrous, fleshy. Inner lobes are short dentate and do not reach the center. Outer apex in narrowly rounded and do not reach the corolla sinuses. Dorsal is nearly horizontal, slightly concave all edges rounded.

189

Hoya kerrii Craib 1911

Side view of the flower enlarged about 16X. The corolla on the inside surface is very pubescent, tightly revolute, extra length to the pubescence under the red crown. Note the dimple in the outer apex of the coronal lobes, the broadly rounded apex, channeled below and concave on the upper surface, inner lobes rounded and slightly raised as are the anthers. Observe the stain from the colored honeydew under the corona and to the right and centrally on the corolla.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The inner lobes are elongate tapering round, not reaching the center where the anthers are exposed. Outer lobes are broadly rounded and concave above with a slight umbo in the center.

190

Bottom view of the crown enlarged about 16X. Note the groove on the bottom of the lobes extends to the base of the column, which is surrounded with many silky hairs, the column walls are slightly thickened. Observe the thickened ridge, like a primordial lobe below and near where the individual scales meet, it extends from one lobe to the next. Outer apex is broadly rounded and indented here where the outer end of the channel meets.

Side view of the scale enlarged approx. 16X. The scale is relatively short and thick, outer apex obtuse, channeled below with a slightly raised round tapering inner lobe, anthers exceed the inner lobe.

Staminal crown enlarged about 16X. This is from the clone “Hairy” and differs from the other clones in being more rigidly structured with a tapering base with a tapered head. In two other H. kerrii clones the apex is made up of loosely defined granular material. The differences among clones makes me leery of using this feature as a taxonomic tool, unless it may separate special clones or is this a separate species?

Corona: Apex to apex

0.22 cm.

191

Apex to center Top widest Below widest Ret. to ret. Anther append to ap.

0.30 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.20 cm.

192

Hoya kloppenburgii Green 2001 Bottom (left) and top (right) view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The lobes are bifid and the undersides are a fluted skirt attached to the base of the central column. This is a very unusual formation that yields an inflated hollow below each coronal lobe. The inner lobe does not quite reach the center and is slightly dentate; dorsal surface is rounded, convex. View of the corona still attached to the corolla enlarged about 8X. Note the pubescent inner corolla surface and that the coronal lobes do not reach the corolla sinus even though it is deeply lobed. The inner lobes are raised, the dorsal surface is rounded and broad just out from the inner apices; narrowing slightly toward the outer rounded apex. There are bilobes with their undersides modified into a skirt. Center apex to outer apex 0.30 cm. Center to outer lobe end 0.40 cm. Widest 0.20 cm. Retinaculum to ret. 0.12 cm. Ret. to center 0.12 cm Anther wing to aw. 0.20 cm. (narrow) Aw. - center 0.20 cm. .

Side view of the crown enlarged about 8X. The outer end of the lobe where two bilobes meet are there fused into a vertical column forming one side of a cupped hollow bulb under each coronal scale. The material at the base of the fused column extends in to the central column where it is attached to this structure. The column is tall.

193

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X, The inner angle and anther are to the upper left, then the sloping back of the scale (dorsal surface) ending in a fused bi-lobe, which extends downward (right edge) and curves inward to connect to the long column, thus forming a cupped hollow pocket under the scale.

Bottom-end view of a scale enlarged about 8X showing the curved under edges of the scale forming the lower channel but also this is fused to the bilobed extensions forming the hollow cup (lower central) and its extensions (lower left and right) extending and attaching to the lower end of the column. The flowers are yellow-orange with pink-purplish pedicels.

A view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X, looking from the center of the crown outward. Above is the rounded scale, just below the top in the center would be the inner lobe and below this the anther. On the left side is the shelf of the bilobed extension along the scale side extending away in this view toward the outer lobe; on this inner end this extends down along the sides of the long column (here only about 1/5 shown as a cupped light colored column). When the extensions of the scale reach the base of the column it flares outward (right and left base). The cupped hollowing is seen on the lower left side. Opposite this column would be the channel formed by the curved sides of the scale. The scale surface is very finely sulcate.

194

Hoya krohniana Kloppenburg & Siar 2009

Side view of the flower, showing revolute corona an Oreostemma type corona, coronal scales raised in the center and saddle shaped back with raised outer lobes.

Top view of the corona, glabrous and shiny. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw.

0.25 cm. 0.27 cm. 0.13 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.11 cm.

Bottom view of the coronal scale where there is a long central column 0.08 cm. long and 0.09 cm. in diameter. The corona skirt extends downward (centrally) around this column, skirt is continuous with scalloped areas between the lobes.

195

Hoya lacunosa Blume 1826

Top View of Corona. 16X. Note: The rounded outer lobes and the very short inner lobe, that does not reach the flower center, thus exposing the anthers.

Bottom view of corona. 16X. Note: the rounded relatively thin outer lobe and the two projections near the base. Observe the pentagonal skirt and how it is slit part way in at the corners.

Corona: on column 0.04 cm. tall. Apex to apex Center to apex Diameter Widest Anther wing to aw. Ret. to ret. Ret to center

0.15 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.06 cm. 0.05 cm.

196

Hoya lambii Green 2000

Top view of the flower, crown and corolla inside enlarged about 8X. The coronal lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. Coronal scales are short domed with a central keel, inner lobe is very short dentate and does not reach the center. Scales are very finely punctate and granulate, with narrow side lobes that meet at the outer, rounded apex.

View as above. Note the double anther wings, wings with broad thick sides. The emarginate outer apex is evident and on the upper lobe one can see the end of one of the narrow side lobes projecting slightly, upon drying the individual lobes become evident.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. There is a short channel, the doubled anther wings show up well here, the surface is extremely finely sulcate. The edges are thin and the central portion hollow. There is a central very thick column that is 0.07 cm. tall.

197

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Anther wing - aw. Ret. - ret. Ret. – center Aw. – center

0.22 cm. 0.27 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.17 cm.

One scale removed and inner apexes bent back to expose the staminal crown that is somewhat capitate raised in the center above the pentagonal table. Note the narrow bilobes beginning to separate from the outer scale apex as the parts begin to dry from the Kew solution.

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. The inner lobe is thin and spatulate, here the anther is bent downward. Side ledges are apparent and the cupped ends of the bilobes are beginning to show upon drying. There is a keeled edge on the central dorsal surface. The scale is relatively thick and the anther wings deeply scythe shaped.

198

Hoya lamingtoniae Bailey 1898 pointing inward; collar slightly thickened. Outside surface is glabrous.

Bottom (left) and top view of the corona enlarged about 13X. The lower lobes are grooved into even with the sinus and the curved surfaces are laterally sulcate, the central column is thickened. The outer lobe turns down slightly, the dorsal surface has a concave portion just out from the inner lobe and here there is a small umbo, surfaces are waxy and glabrous. Anther wings do not protrude. There are rudimentary shelves along the lower sides of the scales. Side view of the scale enlarged about 16X. The rounded acute apexed inner lobe is clasp by the anthers and thus hidden partially from view. The turned down end of the outer coronal apex is shown.

Another view of a scale with the anther pulled down to show the shape of the inner lobe. Enlarged about 16X.

199

Hoya lanceolata Wallich ex Don 1825

Top view of flower enlarged about 16X. Note the coronal lobes do not reach the sinus of the corolla. The corolla on this inside surface is finely white pubescent, the lobe apex turns under. The coronal lobes are narrow, high in the center sloping outward (pagoda roof shaped), the inner apex is spatulate with 2 ridges along the outer edge, outer aped turns up slightly and is rounded. Another top view of the corolla and corona enlarged about 8X. The coronal upper surface is striated with ridges, two in the top of each scale and also one lower down on each side. The top ridges extend all the way to the inner lobe, which is well short of the center, spatulate with a rounded end. The anthers are exposed in the center. The outer lobe thins as it progresses toward the rounder slightly indented, and curved up apex. Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The lobes are channeled with the groove extending to near the column, which is well developed in this species. The column base is hirsute. The surface is not sulcate. The anther wings extend as they do on Hoya bella Hooker but the channel sides are thinner. The outer lobe is thin and bends upward slightly. The anther wings are flared and extend beyond the scale joint surface.

Corona: channeled below, sulcate, inner lobe spatulate with two ridges on top, which extend to the outer apex. shelf ridges down both sides of the lobes. Apex to apex 0.35 cm. Apex to center 0.85 cm. Widest 0.11 cm. 200

Hoya landgrantensis Kloppenburg, Siar Cajano & 2009

Top view of a flower center enlarged about 8X. The corona is nearly the same color as the corolla slightly lighter. Outer lobe apices are slightly raised otherwise the corona is nearly horizontal. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest

0.33 cm. 0.45 cm. 0.19 cm.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X, surfaces are glabrous, lobes are channeled and sides diagonally finely sulcate. Anther wing apices are rounded, protrude slightly. Center is sunken except for the short central column. Apices are subacute.

Top view of the coronal center. Inner lobes are short ca. round dentate and do not reach the center, anthers touch in center and are thin, dorsal is sub concave with a low keel from inner apex to a low umbo forward, edges are rounded, Ret. – ret Ret – center Aw.- aw. Aw. – center

0.09 cm. 0.09 cm 0.19 cm. 0.17 cm.

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe short dentate outer apex subacute (above left). The anther wing is deeply scythe shaped. Anther thin membranous extreme upper left.

Top view of a coronal lobe enlarged about 16X. The dark retinacula are clearly visible and distinct, anther wings are blunt and extended beyond the sinuses slightly. Dorsal is sub-concave forward.

201

Hoya lasiantha Korthals ex Blume 1848

Photomicrograph of bottom of crown. 16X Outer coronal lobe apex.

Collar.

Inner coronal lobe. 16X Outer (rounded) coronal lobe

Crepe-like fluting of the the center and extending to the retinaculum. Retinaculum

Extended lip-like edge to coronal side. Not shown in Rintz’s drawing

Side View of Corona approx. 16 X.

202

Side View of scale. 16X. Outer lobe. Inner lobe with sharp top edge and small horn on tip.

A very large shield like anther wing that forms one side of the channel leading to the stigmatic receptive area just below the retinaculum Long white stellate hairs around base of crown arising from the inner portions of the corolla.

Corona. very waxy, rigid, and upright. apex - apex Apex - center Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Ret. - apex anther wing Scale apex - adjoining apex

0.35 cm. 0.35 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.22 cm. 0.25 cm.

203

Hoya latifolia G. Don 1838

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Outer apex rounded and turned down slightly. Inner lobe tapered, rounded to an acute apex, slightly raised and not exceeding the anther.

Top view (Left) and bottom view (Right) of the corona enlarged about 16X. The inner lobe is well short of reaching the center there are grooves extending out from here to the outer apex and this dorsal surface is slightly concave. The outer apex is somewhat blunt and emarginate due to the rudimentary side lobes meeting at the apex. On the underside there is an open channel formed by the curved under sides that are extremely finely sulcate; the grove does not reach the central short column. Corona: outer apex rounded but tri-indented from the meeting of rudimentary side lobes. Inner lobe spatulate although somewhat rounded far short of reaching the center. Anthers exposed. Dorsal surface grooved and slightly concave. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest (top) Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Anther wing - aw. Collar

0.20 cm. 0.22 cm. so 0.44cm. in diameter 0.14 cm. 0.13 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.14 cm. 0.11 cm. in diameter, 0.05 cm. in depth.

204

Top view (inside) of a flower enlarged about 16X. Inner lobes taper to an acute angle could be classified as spatulate although somewhat rounded. The outer lobes are blunt for the most part with a tridentate apex. The corolla inner surface is pubescent except for a portion of the apical region, apex is acute. I remain unconvinced this material is H. latifolia G. Don.

205

Hoya Lazaroi Kloppenburg & Siar 2007

Bottom view of a corona enlarged about 16X, the lobes are channeled with fine diagonal sulcations, there is a prominent collar, anther wings are narrow and slightly protrude. Lobe apices are rounded and emarginate

Top view of a coronal scale enlarged as above. The lobes have rather prominent side shelves that reach the outer apex (subsection Angusticarinata Klopp.). Inner lobes are long spatulate rising but not overtopping the prominent anthers in the center. The inner lobe has a raised narrow keel that extends to the center of the outer lobe rising in height to this point where it abruptly lowers to the outer lobe surface but the keel extends toward outer apex. A very unusual and unique keeled lobe. The surface is sulcate with ridges consisting of fine chains. End view of corona on the corolla. Here the narrow side shelves are visible from below extending along the corona lobe edges to the apex. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest

0.52 cm. 0.45 cm. 0.21 cm. Top view of the corona enlarged about 64X. The corona here is dried so not as full and plump as normal. Note the long central thin anthers, the long narrow spatulate inner lobes and more difficult to see is the unusual central keel. It is raised inward from here and now ends abruptly. Note the side lobes of the outer portion of the coronal scale

206

Side view of a shrunken scale, Note the long overtopping anthers, they are not attached to the inner side of the inner lobe as is usual in Hoya but only attached well down in the inner side of the lobe. Anther wings are deeply scythe shaped. One other unusual feature is the lower narrow side lobes that proceed toward the outer apex

207

Hoya leucorhoda Schlechter 1913

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The sides of the scale fold under at the outer apical area forming a groove but there is a secondary flattened extension of the material from the sides of the anther wings continuing the groove. Outer apex is broadly rounded. Column 0.60 cm. tall. Bottom double channeled

Side view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The inner lobes reach the center. Outer lobes are raised, obtuse with the lower channel exposed. There is a fairly long column supporting the coronal scales. Inner lobe is spatulate, dorsal deeply sunken area in center. Apex to apex 0.30 cm. Apex – center 0.33 cm. Widest 0.21 cm. Scale depth 0.20 cm. The ends of the scales curve inward.

Side view of a scale enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes do not quite cover the anthers, are spatulate. Dorsal is swayed and outer and inner apices raised. The depth of the scales is large, outer apical area folds inward.

Top view of a scale enlarged about 16X to show the dorsal details, the indent in the center is pronounced. Inner lobe spatulate apex of outer lobe folded inward. Staminal pentagonal is at right, is simple with small cap in center, base dark red corners (5) thickened.

208

Top view of the coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Inner lobes do not quite reach the center. The dorsal surface is cupped and distinctly dimpled, edges are raised, outer lobe is obtuse. Anther wings are narrow and protrude beyond the surface. Photomicrographs from Type #18212 (UC) collected in New Guinea. Collected by Schlechter. 1200 meters altitude, not a vine, Keiser Wilhelm. Sparse foliage, peduncle 1.2 cm., leaves 5.5 – 12 cm. long, 2.5 cm. at the widest.

Top view of the flower enlarged about 8X. The coronal outer lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. Inner lobes are raised, The dorsal scale surface is saddle shaped, with outer lobes about as high as the inner. Corolla inner surface is pubescent.

209

View of another flower ? Here the saddle shape of the coronal lobes is evident, with inner and outer apices both raised about equally.

Crown top view enlarged about 16X. My measurements were: Scale depth at outer lobe Scale depth at inner lobe

0.18 cm. 0.25 cm.

The spatulate inner lobes here dry and turn outward, the obtuse shape of the outer lobes are evident.

Views of the coronal scales enlarged about 16X. The flower was soaked in Kew Solution prior to photographing. The inner lobes as stated above curl back on drying.

210

Hoya leytensis Elmer ex Burton 1991

Side view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Corolla is revolute, with crown upright, anthers exceeding. Scale inner lobes spatulate, outer obtuse, bilobes relatively broad extending beyond the outer lobe apex and remaining separated, dorsal not cupped, below channeled.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. lobes are finely sulcate, channel extends just to the sinuses, center filled with an thickened low column and bulbous material. Curled under bilobe edges foem the channel.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Inner lobes do not reach the center, outer lobes obtuse, dorsal domed. Apex – apex Apex – center Apex – end Widest Widest

211

0.14 cm. 0.16 cm. 0.16 cm. 0.06 of upper lobe 0.09 of bilobes

Hoya limonica Moore 1921

Top view of the flower enlarged approx. 16 X. Here the outer coronal lobes reach the corolla sinus. The outer surface of the corolla is glabrous whereas the inner surface is very pubescent. The inner coronal lobes are dentate and do not exceed the anthers. Top vied of the inner corolla surface, flattened. 16 X., the corolla is deeply cut with an acute apex and broadened sides, very pubescent all over on this surface, glabrous outside.

212

Bottom view of corona enlarged about 16 X. It is deeply channeled below all the way to the apex. The column is especially prominent, as are the anther wings.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16 X. Note that the inner lobes do not reach the center, the outer apex has a slight recurved tip. The anther groove is very prominent, here slightly open due to drying of the flower slightly. The scales are broad in the center. 213

Side view of an individual coronal scale. 16X. Note: that the scale lies nearly horizontal, the inner lobe is relatively short with the anther protruding well beyond the inner apex. The scale is relatively thin and long.

Corona: exceeds sinus, top linearly lined (sulcate), outer apex reflexed. Inner lobe dentate. Stylar head small, simple. Apex to apex Center to apex Widest Ret. to ret. Ret - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center Column

0.36 cm. 0.41 cm. thus diameter is 0.81 cm. 0.21 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.21 cm. 0.19 cm. 0.01 cm. tall

214

Hoya linavergariae Kloppenburg & Siar 2006 Inner flower surface enlarged as above about 16X. The corona is very small, very upright, inner lobes narrowly spatulate. Ventral surface of lobes exposed outwardly very puffyrounded, glabrous deeply channeled. The inner lobe is long and thin, outer lobe is modified into a short upright projection (sway backed). Under side of lobe greatly extended with bulbous edges and exposed outwardly as part of a column. A definite modification of the coronal structure differing from other hoya species. Corona side view enlarged about 16X. Anthers not exposed in the center, covered by spatulate curved inner coronal lobes. What would normally be the under side of the outer lobe here forms a channeled column. Apex – apex Ret. – ret Aw. – aw. Aw. – ret. Aw. – inner apex

0.40 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.15 cm.

Anther wing measurements made from where the channel turns inward half way down scale exposed side. Bottom view of the corona. Central hole is where the ovaries have pulled free. Note the extended anther wings with squared of apices.

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe is narrow, thin and curved over the center, hiding the attached obtuse ended anther. At the base the column is prominent. Coronal structure and placement very unusual, due to the shortening of the distance of the dorsal lobe surface and the extending of the (normally) under lobe surfaces.

215

More detqailed data photos: Inner coronal lobe and portion of dorsal surface of lobe. To the right and at the base of the long curved inner lobe is the short sway backed, modified portion of the outer lobe. Below this is elongated bottom of the channeled lobe.

Above: Side view of the coronal lobes showing more detail of the shortened lobe inner lobe area at the top of the digital photo. To the left and below (yellow) is the side of one anther wing

216

Left: View of coronal lobes above; and below the enlarged lower portion of the lobe. Dark spot is the retinaculum and in yellow, the anther wing between the channeled lobes. Above right: Coronal scale inner apex. Inner lobes are sulcate-stipitate and completely cover the anthers inward. Short outer apical area of lobe and on either side the bulbous extended lower portion of the coronal lobes. In center the dark spot of the retinaculum and below that the anther wings, that at the widest point curve inward centerally and continue on to the base of the coronal lobe area.

.

217

More views of the anther wing area of the corona.

Inner coronal lobe apex Vertical distance from inner apex to base of the outer lobe is 0.15 cm.

apex of outer lobe

retinaculum

anther wing downward

extending

channeled lower forming a column.

lobes

Greatly enlarged apical area of the corona.

218

Hoya linearis Wallich 1834

Corona in corolla enlarged about 8X. The coronal lobes are linear, inner apex is short spatulate, outer lobe is obtuse and does not reach the corolla sinuses.

Top (left) and bottom (right) views of the corona enlarged about 8X. There are narrow bilobes beginning opposite the dark retinacula and extending to the outer emarginate obtuse apex. The inner short spatulate lobe does not reach the center. Below the lobes are channeled well in toward the columnar center. The apex turns down slightly. The anther wings are narrow and protrude beyond the sinus. This species belongs in the subsection Angusticarinata Kloppenburg. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest Retinacula to ret. Ret. to aw. Ret. to center Anther wing to aw.

0.33 cm. 0.35 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.04 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.12 cm.

219

Hoya littoralis Schlechter 1905 Mona Island

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The bilobed sides curves under to form a channel. The center is thickened and there is a short column here. Column is 0.06 cm, tall.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes are short and spatulate not reaching the center. Outer lobes are broad in the middle, dorsal is cupped near the sides with a central ridge broadening toward the rounded outer apex. Bilobes are broad and extend well beyond the outer apex, where they meet at the apices, these surfaces are sulcate. Coronal diameter is 0.74 cm. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Apex – end Center – end Ret. - ret Ret. - center Aw. – aw. Aw. - center

220

0.20 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.27 cm. 0.37 cm. 0.04 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.15 cm.

Hoya lobii Hooker 1883 Flowers from Germany

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The lobes are tightly channeled with a strongly sulcate surface. Inside from the channel the surface is covered with matted hirsute cells. The column is large but not too thick. Outer lobes of the corolla are emarginately dented. The anther wings extend beyond the sinus and there rather thickened side walled.

221

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The back of the scale is keeled all the way over the outside apex, the inner lobe is tapering dentate, does not reach the center so the anthers are exposed as is the raised center of the pentagonal stylar table. The large dark retinacula are readily visible as are the broad anther wings, which are doubled. Corona: lobes blocky and short, center raised, inner lobes dentate and not reaching the center. Top of scale keeled all the way, at the outer apex the sides curl round under the projecting keeled area to form an dimpled apex (deeply emarginate). Bottom channeled and the side walls strongly sulcate. Color deep red. Anthers raised in the center and are yellow. The red coloring appears to be water-soluble. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest Retinacula to ret. Ret. to center Anther wing to aw. Aw. - center Thickness (depth)

0.40 cm. 0.47 cm. 0.27 cm. 0.14 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.34 cm. 0.28 cm. 0.30 cm.

222

An end view of a coronal lobe showing the unusual configuration of the end. The basal channel extends up to the almost the apex which here is rounded and is an extension to the keeled upper surface.

223

Hoya loheri Kloppenburg 1991

Individual scale. Note the long flat inner scale, rising over the anther. Bottom View of Corona Approx. 16X.

Side view of flower enlarged approx. 16X. Note the long bilobed scales, flat on the inner side and the long flat inner lobe, which exceeds the anthers and meet at the center. The corolla is densely pubescent and revolute. The whole corona is raised on a relatively long column.

224

Corona: extremely upright like Dodecatheon flower, coronal lobes with very unusual rounded inner apex 0.05 cm. wide, on drying a considerable portion bends outward at a 90 degree angle, overtopping the anther appendage by a considerable distance, spatulate, 0.32 cm. long, outer (lower) lobes divided into extending lobes, fleshy, evidently round with knobby apex. Widest just below the middle 0.095 cm. Anther broad, membranaceous, attached just above the anther wings, low down on the scale. Wings 0.07 cm. long, prominent, narrowly elongate opaque yellow.

Scale of Corona: Apex to outer lobe Apex to apex Widest above Anther wing to anther wing

0.23 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.06 cm. overall 0.095 wide. 0.12 cm. lobes meet in the center of flower.

Collar: 0.10 in diameter 0.12 cm. long.

225

Hoya longifolia Wallich ex Wight 1834

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Scales partially channeled below, surface sulcate, anther wings project slightly, outer apex is obtuse. Column is thick but short.

226

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The inner lobes are dentate tending toward round and are well short of the center, where the anthers are well exposed. The body of the scale is broad saddle shaped (outer and inner apices raised), outer lobe raised and exposing the lower channeled surface. Shelves from along the lower scale sides Are deep in the central region and taper and blend with the outer apical areas. The anther wings are narrow, yellow, and extend beyond the sinus area. Retinacula are plainly visible. Side view of an individual coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Note the saddle shape of scale, how the inner lobe is exceeded by the anther (one pollinarium remains attached); the outer lobe is raised exposing the groove below. The anther wing (dark line) runs from just above the dark retinaculum to the bottom of the scale. The sides below the upper portions of the scale is enlarged (thick) and projects toward the outer apex and blends with it, thus it forms the sides of the channel but does not form an emarginate apex.

227

View of the staminal crown enlarged about 16X. The center is a raised dome capped with a coned center. Here the coronal scales were remover and the anthers pealed backward, pollinaria are present. On the left anther the dark yellow central portion are the anther pockets which house pollinia from alternate pollinaria.

Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.25 cm. 0.27 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.18 cm.

228

Hoya loyceandrewsiana Green 1994

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. A portion of the corolla sticks to the corona as the two are separated (this is not unusual). Note the channel on this surface extends well in toward the center. The anther wings are narrow and project beyond the meeting of the two coronal lobes. The outer apex tapers to almost an acute point. There are narrow side projections an each side of the scale, which results in an indented apices. From Hort. Green 9301, TYPE BISH; duplicate NYBG. Corona: inner lobe dentate with ridge on top extending a short way into main part of scale top. Top linearly sulcate, channeled below. Scale apex reaches the corolla sinus. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest Ret to ret. Aw to aw Aw to ret. Ret to center

0.42 cm. (0.47; 0.47) 0.47 cm. (0.50; 0.53) 0.23 cm. (0.26; 0.25) 0.15 cm. (0.15) 0.35 cm. (0.33) 0.14 cm. 0.14 cm.

229

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Note: The dentate inner coronal lobes which do not reach the center, the very visible anthers meeting in the center, the visible dark retinacula. The narrow anther wings (anther slot) extending outward from the retinacula. The narrow shelves projecting along from the undersides of the scales especially visible on the right scale, and last the broad central portion of the scale and its tapering outward to an acute apex.

Side view of a single coronal scale enlarged about 16X. In the flower photos it is evident that the outer apex is raised above the inner, however when viewing the photomicrograph (top view) of the corona it appears the lobes are horizontal. I must reexamine flowers of this species. The outer apex is emarginate.

230

Hoya lucardenasiana Kloppenburg, Siar & Cajano 2009

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X, the lobes are tightly channeled. apex is obtuse, central thickening with short 0.05 cm. tall column.

Top view of the corona as above. Inner lobes are raised above the anthers but do not cover the center. Inner lobes are long tapered, rounded with acute apex. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest dorsal Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center

0.27 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.19 cm.

Stylar crown enlarged about 24X. The crown is capitate with a central tip extending, rather rare in hoya species. Note pointed ends of the coronal lobes on either side, anthers have been removed.

Side view of a scale enlarged about 24X. Scales are upright above the corona with outer side and channeling exposed. Dorsal surface is narrow and sub-concave with rounded edges. The inner lobe is raised and the dorsal surface is slightly keeled. Anther here has been removed, surfaces are glabrous and not sulcate. outer apex obtuse rounding off to form the sides of the tight channel below.

231

Hoya lucyae Kloppenburg & Siar 2006

Inside view of the flower enlarged about 13X. Corolla inside pubescence with some apical areas glabrous. Lobes deeply cut, texture membranous, apex acute. Crown in the center bilobed with inner lobes very upright with the anthers exceeding. Sinus – sinus Sinus – center Sinus – apex Apex – center Widest

0.23 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.50 cm. 0.25 cm.

Side view of a coronal scale greatly enlarged to show more detail. The surfaces are glabrous, scale upright, bilobes turned up at outer apex. Inner lobe spatulate with anther greatly exceeding it. Lobe channeled below. Apex – apex Apex – end End – center

232

0.15 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.32 cm.

Hoya macgillivrayi Bailey 1914

Bottom view of the corona center enlarged about 8X. Column is large, thickened reaching nearly to the curled in anther wings ends that project slightly from the sinus area. Lobes are open channeled with edges rolled under. Hole 0.30 x 0.25 cm.

Lower surface of a coronal lobe apex enlarged about 16X. edges are rolled under, surfaces ate finely sulcate apex is blunt and tissue puckered around rolled surfaces. Glabrous.

Inner apical area of corona enlarged as above. Inner lobes are spatulate and touch or overlap in the center, dorsal has a short rounded keel down the center of the inner lobe, differentiated from the main potion of the lobe by a dorsal ring That area is 0.35 cm. long and 0.18 cm. at the widest

Central portion of the corona lobe, to the upper center is the darker anther wing channel. Lobe surface is finely sulcate with rounded surfaces. outer lobe is 0.88 cm. long.

Outer apex of top surface of the corona enlarged as above. Apex bulbous 0.33 cm. wide. Ret. – ret Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. - center

233

0.20 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.40 cm.

Side view of the coronal apex enlarged about 16X. here the anther exceeds the inner spatulate coronal lobe.

Side view of the outer apical end of the corona enlarged as above. outer end is blunt and raised near the apex, surfaces rounded and finely sulcate, glabrous. Channeled below.

234

Hoya marananiae Kloppenburg & Siar

Inside view of a flower enlarged about 15X. The corona is small, lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. Sinus – sinus Sinus – center Sinus – apex Apex – center Widest

0.22 cm. 0.21 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.35 cm. 0.25 cm.

Corona in flower enlarged as above. Inner lobes are raised, dentate, dorsal is concave, outer lobe obtuse. Apex – apex Widest Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw.- center

0.12 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.04 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.07 cm.

Pictures of this species from Monina, about 20 flowers in cluster. A small flower with strict pedicels, white, terete, glabrous. Corolla deeply cut, glabrous outside puberulent inside, cream to pale pink. Rotate, corona small inner lobes raised outer lobes obtuse, dorsal concave.

Leaves ovate-elliptic, triplinerved, nervation lighter, base obtuse apex acute.

235

Hoya marginata Schlechter 1905

Bottom view of the corona. The lobes are tightly channeled with rounder sides sulcate, apex acute, and a prominent central column, 9,05 cm. tall and 0.14 cm. across. Anther wing apices extended.

Top view of the corona. Outer lobe apex acute, inner lobe short dentate, dorsal concave with a low umbo near inner lobe, edges raised.. Inner lobes do not reach the center. Apex – apex Apex – center Aw. – aw. Ret. – ret.

0.41 cm. 0.45 cm. 0.41 cm. 0.10 cm.

Side view of a coronal scale greatly enlarged, anther longer than the inner dentate lobe. surface is glabrous and most of lobe sulcate

Top view of a flower. It appears the whole inner surface of the corolla is pubescent whereas H. marginata is only marginately pubescent.

236

Hoya matavanuensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2011 Outside view of the corolla enlarged about 8X. Surface is finely granulose, glabrous, lobes triangular, apex acute. Central collar raised 0.03 cm. opening 0.10 cm x 0.07 cm. Sinus - sinus Sinus - center Sinus - apex Apex - center Widest Flower flattened is 1.62 cm. in diameter.

0.45 cm. 0.39 cm. 0.55 cm. 0.81 cm. 0.47 cm.

Inside view of the flower enlarged about 8X, showing the very small corona. Inside surface of the corolla is very finely puberulent, cut more than half way, sinuses with small turned under ears. Center of corona is sharply raised, inner apexes are spatulate and sides touch each other, retinacula plainly visible, outer apexes broadly rounded, and emarginate dorsal cupped. Anthers in the center are not covered. Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Lobes are channeled nearly to the short central column, 0.04 cm. tall, surfaces glabrous. Sides diagonally sulcate. Lower side lobes extend to the apex making it emarginate. Apex - apex Apex - center Retinaculum - ret.

0.14 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.06 cm.

Two views of an individual coronal scale enlarged about 16X. The anther wings are thickened and moderately scythe shaped. Dorsal is deeply swayed with both apices rising sharply. Lower side lobes are visible especially on the left figure.

237

Hoya mcgregorii Schlechter 1906

Inside top view of the corona on the corolla enlarged about 8X. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.24 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.19 cm. 0.18 cm.

Corolla flattened is 1.30 cm in diameter. Photomicrographs: Flowers from IML 850, DMC 1713. Collected by David north of Lamut, Ifugao, Philippines. Plant from David Liddle, Merebe, Australia.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Narrow side lobes curl under to form a channel below, they meet before reaching the outer apex making the scale broad about ¼ in from the almost acute outer apex. There is a well developed central column.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes are long narrowly rounded and meet in the center where they are a little raised. Dorsal surface is culled with somewhat sharp edges a slight umbo forward. Anther wings project outward a little side lobes are narrow with rounded edges meeting ¾ the way to the narrowly rounded apex. Scale widest below the dorsal surface is 0.12 cm., scale length is 0.24 cm. corona diameter is 0.48 cm.

Stylar pentagonal table enlarged about 8X. Center is raises into a point, sides are lines apex white and somewhat mealy.

238

Hoya megalaster Warburg 1901

Bottom view of the corona at the center enlarged about 8X. Side lobes are curved under with a flat, longitudinally sulcate surface which is flat to slightly concave, center is channeled. Area around the central thickened column and under the side lobes is very finely granulose.

Bottom view of a coronal lobe enlarged about 8X. Channel edges are partially a little concave. Channel opens up toward the central column rounded sides extend narrowly to the anther wing cleft.

Central top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobe is shortly spatulate, dorsal is keeled. Inner lobes do not reach the center and the anthers do not cover the raised dome shaped central stylar head. Apex - apex Apes - center Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.80 cm. 0.83 cm. 0.14 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.27 cm. 0.22 cm.

Top view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X. Dorsal is keeled all the way to the sloping outer lobe apex. Outer lobe is indented. Lobes have considerable depth. Anther wings are suppressed (not extended). Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X. Dorsal top is keels and the sides slop downward and outward a little to form a shelf well up on the scale side. Inner lobe is raised and narrowly spatulate, exceeded by the anthers (here highlighted, white). Anther wings are not deeply scythe shaped. Bottom slopes up toward outer apex.

239

Hoya meliflua Blanco ex Merrill 1837

This is a side view of a scale (left) of H. meliflua subsp. meliflua which is slightly smaller than from the (right) subsp. fraterna. Both are relatively flat (horizontal) in the crown, both have short dentate inner lobes and obtuse rounded outer lobes. All parts of the ssp. fraterna are slightly larger. 16X

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Note the short dentate inner lobes, which do not reach the center so the anthers are exposed. There is a dip leaving the inner lobe and then a raised incomplete umbo approaching the obtuse outer apex. 240

Same view as above of ssp. fraterna, note the inner lobe differences and slightly more extender outer apex. 16X.

241

Bottom view of crown at 16X. This is of ssp. fraterna. Note the thickened waxy collar at the column base, the anther wings are visible especially to the right. The bottom of the lobe is partially channeled, then cupped toward the center. At the collar edge are still stellate hairs. Measurements of subspecies meliflua Corona: Apex to apex Apex to center Widest Anther wing to aw. Ret to ret. Ret to center

0.42 cm. 0.46 cm. 0.28 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.14 cm. Position horizontal 0.14 cm.

242

Hoya memoria Kloppenburg sp. nova 2004

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X, It is channeled with the side material being sulcate. In the center is a thickened, rather large column. There are double swollen protrusions at the base of each channel, which is unique. I have never observed this on another hoya species. The curved bottoms of the bilobed extensions continue and are thickened to the anther wing slots. I'd say this is a precursor to development of the skirt found in Section Otostemma species. The central column is thickened but relatively short.

A greatly magnified area of the bottom of the corona. Channeled portion of one lobe is to the left. In the center of the channel opening, where the edges of the bilobes curve out to proceed toward the anther wings, is this fleshy obtuse ended structure with side wings projecting from the central column. There is one at this position on each lobe base.

View of the corolla and corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes are raised in the center. They are long and narrowly spatulate. The outer lobe is humped in the center (dorsal surface) as an extension to the inner lobe outwardly. On either side are the rounded edges of the outer lobe itself and outward from here are the shelf like bi-lobes. They extend beyond the almost acute outer apex of the scale and meet in a line along their extended ends. The corolla is glabrous outside, revolute inside, pubescent except for a small apical triangle. The stylar crown is raised, apiculate. Apex – apex 0.26 cm. Apex to center 0.28 cm. Outer lobe to inner apex 0.30 cm. Widest dorsal surface 0.15 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.05 cm. Ret. - center 0.05 cm. Aw. - aw. 0.14 cm. Aw. - center 0.20 cm.

243

Hoya meridithii Green 1988

Photomicrographs and added data from a plant originated via Germany also labeled Hoya meridithii: Flower collected at Ted Green’s in Kaaawa, Hawaii Fall 2000. Roll 276 7/1/01

Column is thin walled 0.11 cm. tall grooved or with ridges near the column with sulcate sides. Bottom of the corona enlarged about 8X. Lobes are channeled and edges are finely sulcate, anther wings project. Central column prominent.

Top of the corona enlarged about 8X. The outer lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses; the inner lobes are short rounded dentate and do not reach the center. Dorsal has a cup out from the inner lobe and the sides are rounded. Anther wings are thick and project with an acute apex. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Aw. – aw. Ret. – ret. Ret. – aw.

0.28 cm. 0.31 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.16 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.08 cm.

Side view of the coronal scale enlarged about 8X. Scale has good depth, inner lobe is short with the membranous anther extending well beyond, dorsal surface concave and outer lobe rounded and bending downward slightly, Anther wings are deep and well formed.

244

The following are Photomicrographs from flowers sent to me by Ted Green as 80-05 his ascension number for this species.

A top view of the corona still attached to the corolla that has been flattened from the recurved natural configuration. Here enlarged about 8X. The coronal lobes reach the sinus of the corolla. The corolla is very full at the sinus area so there are large ear like flaps on the lobes just above the sinus. The anther wings here are large with rounded double apices. I do not know why the whole series of pictures show the translucent nature of the subject, possibly the solution I was using for fixing the flowers. (this was many years ago). Bottom view of the reconstituted (Kew solution) corona enlarged about 8X. Here again the anther wings really stand out with large rounded apices. The scale is channeled below and rather long and appears more narrow here than the flower picture depicts, sent by Ted Green.

Corona: lobes broad, they reach the corolla sinus, keeled down top center, white glossy, inner lobe dentate does not reach the center (anthers exposed). Anther wings with exceptional development, outer apex broadly rounded and narrowly doubled. Lobes channeled below, large column support in center. Corona: exceed sinus of corolla, finely sulcate, scales like swollen pods, very short inner dentate lobe, not quite to center; outer lobe emarginate, acute; anther wings doubled. Column0.10 cm. tall Apex to apex Apex to center Widest Ret. to ret. Ret. to center Anther Wing to aw. Aw. - center

0.31 cm. 0.32 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.19 cm.

245

Hoya merrillii Schlechter 1904 sp. 900307 JP

Top view of a flower enlarged about 16X. Corona is horizontal. The outer coronal lobes exceed the corolla sinuses, inner lobes are short dentate and do not reach the center. On the dorsal is cupped with a low domed keel to the outer narrowly rounded apex, the surface is longitudinally sulcata.

Lower surface of the corona enlarged about 16X. The scales are grooved almost to the long central column, and the sides overlap. Sides of the grove are diagonally sulcate, anther wings protrude a little.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. apex - apex apex - center widest ret. - ret. ret - center aw. - aw. aw - center

0.34 cm. 0.38 cm. 0.19 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.19 cm.

Side view of a scale greatly enlarged. The dorsal is essential horizontal bit a little sway backed, inner and outer lobes are about the same height. Inner lobe slopes upward and is dentate. The anther wings are deeply scythe shaped. Scale is not thick in depth. Outer apex is narrowly rounded. 246

Hoya merrillii Schlechter 1904

Inside view of the flower with corolla in place. Corolla is pubescent , coronal lobes acute at both ends and outer lobe exceeds the corolla sinuses. Inner lobes dentate and do not reach the center. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret- ret. Aw. – aw.

0.29 cm. 0.32 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.15 cm.

Dorsal concave with central rounded keel with forward umbo, horizontal.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Lobes are channeled to even with the sinus thickened central column. Anther wings are a little thick and protrude slightly., outer coronal apex sharply acute.

247

Hoya micrantha Hooker f. 1883

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The lobes are channeled below for only a very short distance and the sides are made up of the bilobed extensions, with extend way beyond the scale outer apex and often overlap each other at the ends. The column is strong and well formed.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The scales inner apices have been pulled back the show the stylar apex (actually not clear here). The small coronal scales are broad in the middle and taped to a rather blunt outer apex, side bilobes are prominent, rather round at the outer free ends. Bilobes can be very narrow, flat topped and shelf like, finely sulcate or with no grooves at all, ends can be round, be separated at the free ends, touch at the apices or overlap each other. The back of the scale (dorsal) is slightly convex and there is a small central umbo.

Top view of an individual coronal lobe enlarged about 16X. The inner lobe is spatulate but tending toward being round, it projects inward quite a way but does not exceed the anthers or center of the corona. Note how broad the scale is in the mid-region and how it tapers to the outer apex. Here the side lobes do not overlap each other, they are however very broad and well developed. Compare this species with the Hoya plicata file and see the differences. Rint'z put these two into synonymy!

248

Side view of coronal scale enlarged 16X, note how the inner lobe is extended but that the anthers are broad and long, also how the outer apex ends abruptly and the bilobes extend way beyond. The scale is relatively thick (deep through the center).

Corona: raised to the center, inner lobes spatulate but tend to rounding. Outer apex short and blunt, creamy white in color with inner lobe deep rose as are the bilobed side lobes., These are broad, well developed and many overlap at the outer ends, top is linearly finely sulcate. Crest of keel on dorsal center of scale. Apex to apex Apex to outer lobes Scale width Width with bilobes Column Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.20 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.13 cm. 0.10 cm. tall 0.03 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.12 cm.

249

Hoya mindorensis Schlechter 1913

View of the flower enlarged about 16X. The corolla lobes are reflexed with the apices revolute. The crown is distinctive with narrow knife like edges, the outer apex slopes downward. The upper surface of the corolla is densely pubescent except under the corona, where the lobe edges turn under and the apical area.

250

Bottom view of a flower enlarged about 16X. Note that the coronal lobes exceed the corolla sinuses by a considerable distance and are channeled below; that the corolla lobes turn under at the sinus area forming ear like appendages, the apex is also curved under. These turned under edges are glabrous.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The scales are channeled below and the curved surfaces are finely sulcate. The inner surface and the column are densely hirsute.

251

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X, Note the knife like dorsal ridge on the coronal scales, the fact that the inner apices almost meet in the center, the ruffled edges of the anthers inward from the retinaculum, the shelf like projection on the coronal scales just outwardly from the retinaculum, the emarginate apex of the outer apex of the coronal lobe.

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. The thin keeled dorsal edge is visible, the extended and rounded sides, the apex bent downward slightly, the cycle shaped anther wings, the groove sides on the ventral surface and the anthers to the left.

Corona: Scales nearly horizontal but outer apex bends downward. Inner lobes almost meet at center, Anthers are crepe-like toward the retinaculum. There is a triangular side shelf on the scale side below the retinaculum. Column is tall from a thick base. Apex to apex Apex to center Anther wing to aw. Retinaculum to rt. Retinaculum to aw. Retinaculum to end Retinaculum to center

0.38 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.14 cm. 0.03 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.11 cm.

Staminal column: apex raised 5 lobed from a pentagonal base. 252

Photo of another clone of Hoya mindorensis sent via Monina Siar, UPLB, Plant Breeding program Los Banos Laguna, Philippines July 2003. Below are digital Photos of flowers from this clone data 22 July 2003.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The lobes are channeled not quite to the sinuses. Sides are finely sulcate. Central column is thickness 0.05 cm. tall opening the shape of the ovaries 0.15 cm. across 0.01 cm. at the narrowest. Column base with still stellate hair cells.

Top view of the corona enlarged at least 16X. The lobes are sharply keeled, inner lobe nearly reaches the center is dentate, outer apex acute. Apex - apex Apex - center Ret. - ret. Ret - center Aw. - aw. Aw - center

0.37 cm. 0.39 cm. 0.13 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.15 cm.

Side view of a flower enlarged about 16X. The corolla is reflexed, pubescent from the edge over the fall but apex turned under is glabrous. Coronal lobes are keeled and the outer apex is acute and sloping down.

253

Side view of the corona enlarged about 32X. Lobe is keel shaped, outer lobe slopes slightly downward, dorsal is fairly horizontal. Column material attached below in front.

Another view of the scale side.

254

Hoya mindorensis subsp. superba Kloppenburg 2005 In Fraterna 18-3. 2005 Top view of a flower enlarged about 16X. The coronal lobes exceed the corolla sinuses. The corolla is very villous around the corona. Lobes dorsal surface is sharply keeled.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The lobes are channeled only a little over half way to the thick central column. This column is tapered at the top and bristly hirsute, lobes are fleshy and not sulcate, appear smooth and waxy. Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Lobes are sharply keeled, fleshy, glabrous, Inner lobe is shortly dentate and does not reach the center. Outer lobe is tapered to a narrow oval point. Anthers at the center are creped and prominent. Apex - apex Apex - center Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.39 cm. 0.48 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.30 cm.

Side view of a corona scale enlarged about 32X. The lobes are fleshy and waxy, the anthers are large and crepe like Here the short inner lobe is hidden by the anther, Anther wings on lower right side are just slightly curved. Dorsal surface of the outer lobe slopes downward. The scale is 0.18 cm. in depth.

255

Hoya Minibella Cultivation

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The lobes are shortly channeled below. There is a central column which is surrounded by stiff hirsute cells pointing outward. Anther wings project only slightly. Outer apices of scale are a little bulbous. Apex – apex 0.34 cm, Apex – center 0.39 cm. Widest 0.19 cm. Ret. – ret. 0.12 cm. Apex – apex tips 0.22 cm.

Top view of the corona and corolla enlarged about 8X. The coronal lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. This surface of the corolla is densely pubescent. Inner coronal lobes do not reach the center where the membranaceous anthers are exposed. Corolla: Sinus – sinus Sinus – center Apex – center Apex – sinus Widest

0.41 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.80 cm. 0.57 cm. 0.52 cm.

Side view of the coronal scale enlarged about 16X.Here the inner spatulate lobe has dried and is turning out. The anther exceeds this inner lobe Outer lobe trends downward to the outer apex which turns under just slightly. The anther wings are scythe shaped.

256

Stylar table enlarged about 8X.The center is a little raised and feathery. Pollinia still adhere to the edges.

257

Hoya mitrata Kerr 1940

End view of the large corona showing one scale with a groove, to each side at the base is the ends of anther wings and adjacent scale. Enlarged about 16X.

258

Another end view of the corona this time between two scales showing how the two scales adjoin at the base and the large elongated column at the base. This surface is covered with heavy hairs as with many Genus Eriostemma species. Notice also that the surface of the scale on the underside at least is finely sulcate. Enlarged about 16X.

Corona: Outer lobes upright and long, channeled below, with this surface finely sulcate. Inner lobes short almost perpendicular to the outer lobe, rounded decreasing in diameter inwardly. All surfaces glabrous. Outer scale 0.80 cm. tall, base here 0.30 cm. wide. All this supported on a column 0.15 cm. tall with a wider base diameter of 0.40 cm. Anthers just slightly exposed beyond inner lobe apex. Apex - apex 0.65 cm., apex - center 0.70 cm.

259

Hoya monetteae Green 2004

Inside view of the corolla with corona attached enlarged about 8X. Corolla inside is white and densely pubescent. The coronal outer apex reaches the corolla sinuses. In the center under the corona the corolla is concave.

A bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. the lower scale side lobes form a channel and extend to the apex making it emarginate. The edges are rolled tightly under and are thickened. There is a central thickened column that raises the corona up off the corolla surface slightly. This under side is very distinctive.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The surfaces are glabrous. The inner lobe is spatulate and keeled from apex to apex down the center. There are flat shelf like side lobes from the inner apex all the way to the outer apex, visible from above to the widest portion of the dorsal surface (about the middle of the scale). Note the emarginate apices. The inner lobes do not reach the center where the membranous anthers are exposed. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Ret. - ret Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.45 cm. 0.50 cm. 0.24 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.28 cm. 0.26 cm.

260

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. The dorsal surface actually slopes a little downward to the outer apex. Anthers rise above the inner lobe, edges are rather sharp and there are two of these, the first arising inward a little from the inner apex and the second beginning about where the Anther wings begin, both extend to the outer apex (the two actually merge near the outer apex. This is what gives rise to the unusual lower surface of the corona. The outer apex is slightly turned up.

261

Hoya mucronulata Warburg 1901

Photomicrographs: from Herbarium sheet #18329 (UC).150 m altitude, 20 flow/cluster Leaves 13.5 cm. long – 7.5 cm. wide, 10 nerves/side, reticulately netted.

Top (inside) view of the corolla and corona enlarged about 8X. The coronal inner lobes are spatulate meet in the center; outer lobes are obtuse and slightly exceed the corolla sinuses. The dorsal surface is somewhat concave with ridges along the outer edges with a slight boss in the center. There are narrow ledges along the lower sides, which extend to the apex. Anther wings are pronounced.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. This surface is channeled nearly to the central column, which is thickened and moderately long.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes raised, outer lobe somewhat cupped with an obtuse outer apex and pronounced side lobes which slightly exceed the apex. 0.30 cm. long and 0.15 cm. at the widest.

262

Hoya multiflora Blume 1823

Side view of the corona and the stylar crown enlarged about 8X. The clones again are as above the “green” one to the right. The coronal lobes exceed the center and the style center is of a different color and consistency.

Crown side view enlarged about 8X. The ‘true’ form. Inner coronal lobes long and very acute apices rise above the crown center but do not cover it. Outer lobes bent outward at about a 45 degree angle to the vertical axis. Column long and all these parts waxy opaque white. Set upon the corolla collar, which is very hirsute with hair cells pointing apically. Scales 0.85 cm. long, widest 0.22 cm. distance between outer apices is 0.50 cm. Ciliate collar 0.10 cm. tall, and the column is 0.20 cm. tall.

263

Hoya myrmecopa Kleijn & van Donkelaar 2001

Flowers gathered in Central Sulawesi, 1995 Flower side view enlarged about 8X. Corolla is reflexed, corona perched above corolla, inner coronal lobes somewhat raised. Outer lobe apices turned up a little. Corona glabrous and waxy.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Bottom is channeled, sides horizontally finely sulcate. Center with short thickened column.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner coronal lobes are narrowly dentate, do not reach the center. Dorsal is slightly concave with a slight keel down the center. Apex incurved slightly. Narrow side lobes begin near the retinaculum and proceed to the outer apex. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – center Ret. – ret. Outer apex – o. a.

0.21 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.27 cm.

Data below taken from flowers sent pickled from David Kleijn (I assume flowered in Holland this year). Corona:

Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret- center Aw. – aw

0.20 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.09 cm.

264

Hoya nabawanensis Kloppenburg 2002

Top view of the natural flower (not flattened) with the small corona present. This surface is villous except for the turned under coronal lobes. The corona is so small that the scales outer lobes are no where near reaching the corolla sinuses.

Corona view enlarged about 16X. Bottom (left) and top (right) Inner lobes do not reach the coronal center, they are rather long and narrow, rounded. Outer lobes narrowing, obtuse. The column on the bottom is well developed with a surrounding cleft skirt. Apex - apex 0.25 cm., widest 0.12 cm. Ret - ret. 0.19 cm., Aw. - aw. 0.11 cm. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. The back is swayed, the inner lobe rounded actually neither spatulate not dentate. This inner apex is slightly higher then the outer apex whole surface is glabrous. There is a slight keel down the center of the scale dorsal surface.

265

Hoya nagtabonensis Kloppenburg & Siar sp. nov. Collected at Nagtabon. Palawan, Philippines. Yellow colored flower.

Bottom view of the corona, lobes are channeled and sides diagonally sulcate, apex acute, center has a short column, surfaces are glabrous. scales exceed the corolla sinuses a little. Yellow color.

Top view of the corona. Inner lobes are short dentate, dorsal concave outward, umbo forward, scales horizontal, outer apex acute. Apex- apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret. Aw. – center Aw. – aw.

266

0.31 cm. 0.35 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.18 cm.

Hoya naumanii Schlechter 1908

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The inner lobes are round (sub-dentate) and do not reach the center. Outer lobes are obtuse and do not reach the corolla sinuses. Dorsal surface slightly concave and with a slight keel down the center, no pronounced umbo. Corona is 0.80 cm. in diameter. Apex to apex apex to center

0.38 cm. 0.40 cm.

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X. The inner lobe is raised, the anther sticks out from under it and is raised more. Dorsal surface is concave with the outer lobe obtuse. The Anther wing is scythe shaped and well developed. There is a slight shelf extending along the lower portion of the lobe toward the outer apex.

267

Hoya neoebudica Guillaumin 1937

Side view of the corona and portion of corolla enlarged about 16X. Corolla inner surface is finely pubescent (papillose-velvety), outside glabrous.

Top view of the corona still attached to the corolla enlarged about 16X. The inner scales do not reach the center, they also are dentate and extremely deep (inner edge). The anthers meet in a circle and leave the stylar head exposed inside. Pollinaria are affixed well up toward the center. Outer lobes reach the sinus of the corolla, there is a small ridge at near the apex on the upper surface. Narrow shelf like basal side lobes

268

extend from near the inner apex to just beyond the widest portion of the scale again effecting the outer apex making it tripartite.

Bottom view of corona enlarged about 16X. Channeled below and surface with fine sulcation. Column supporting the corona well developed but not extra long. Anther wings protrude from the sinus between the adjoining scales.

Side view of an individual scale enlarged about 16X. The shortness of the inner lobe and its depth are somewhat unique in this species. There are two projections forward, below formed by the curled sides of the corona forming the groove below which in this species are unique. (it is like two skids or sled runners). Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Coronal diameter

0.33 cm. 0.39 cm. 0.19 cm. 0.78 cm.

269

Hoya nicholsoniae Mueller 1866 Photos and data from Broad lead form via Peter Tsang, Australia, blooms in Fresno, California

Bottom view of the corolla enlarged about 8X. The scales are channeled extending just beyond the sinuses and the surfaces finely sulcate. The central column is thickened, the anther wings protrude slightly, outer apex is broadly acute, from this view.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The lobes reach the corolla sinuses, dorsal essentially flat but with a slight umbo in the forward center. Inner lobe is dentate outer lobe acute emarginate due to meeting of narrow side lobes. The anthers are exposed in the coronal center, scaled on this variety rather broad on top.

View of the corona enlarged about 8X. The groove below is visible. The outer lobes are slightly raised they are flat but not horizontal. The outer apices turn down slightly. The crown sits well up off the curved reflexed pubescent corolla surface.

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X. Outer apex is acute inner lobe dentate and not exceeding the anther. Scale is not overly deep, anther wings are sickle shaped and prominent.

270

View of the coronal pentagonal stylar table enlarged about 8X. Note the center is a simple raised cone. The anthers project beyond the dentate inner coronal lobe, here two scaled have been removed.

Photos of clone IML 39

View of the underside of the corona enlarged about 8X. The channeled surfaces are shown and the central column. Also a little different from the former.

Bottom view of the corona for better detail of channel. Central column shown clear of curved side lobes, with outer lobes dimpled. Anther wings are slightly thickened. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.38 cm. 0.45 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.13 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.29 cm.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The inner lobes are short and do not reach the center. Outer lobes are obtuse and emarginate. Anthers are a little ruffled at the center, the anther wings are readily visible.

271

Hoya nummularioides Constantin 1912 Photomicrographs from flowerings at Fresno, California, Plants from Sakdi Sir Orchids, Bangkok Thailand along with data:

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The lobes are channeled tightly just in from the sinuses, edges are finely sulcate in the center is a well developed wide column.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. You can see the distinct narrow side lobes, which begin opposite the retinaculum on each scale, ending at the outer apex. Inner apex is narrowly spatulate but also with a keeled line running the entire length of the dorsal surface. Inner lobes do not reach the center, and outer lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. Apex – apex Apex – center Apex – end of bilobe Widest Ret. – ret Ret. - center Aw. – aw. Aw. - center

0.20 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.14 cm. 0.18 cm.

Flower enlarged about 8X. Corona is raised on a column. Corolla slopes outward and edges and apex are rolled under; surface is densely pubescent. Note the keel on the coronal lobes. Outer apex turns up slightly.

272

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X. Inner lobe is exceeded by the anther, here with a pollinarium still attached. Dorsal keel showing and outer apex raised. Anther wing is deep any scythe shaped.

273

Hoya nuuuliensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2008

Inside view of the flower enlarged about 8X. The coronal lobes exceed the corolla sinuses but do not touch in the center. Corolla inside surface is pubescent. Apexes acute, wide above the sinuses.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Surfaces are glabrous. Outer apex acute, inner apex short and most likely dentate, dorsal slightly concave, outer edges sharp. Apex - apex 0.36 cm. Apex - center 0.40 cm. Widest 0.15 cm. out from the middle. Anther wing - aw. 0.17 cm. Retinaculum - ret. 0.11 cm. Aw. - center 0.14 cm. Ret. - center 0.06 cm. Anther wings are with thick sides and projected. Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The lobes are channeled only to the sinuses, Note the anther wing thickness and slight projection. Outer apex very acute. Column in center slightly thickened ca. 0.05 cm. tall.

Coronal lobe side view enlarged about 16X. The inner lobe is very short. Anther wing is very deeply scythe shaped and the scale is relatively deep.

274

Hoya nyhuusiae Kloppenburg 2003

Top view of the corona inside the corolla. Here again the unusual corolla venation is clear. Enlarged about 8X. This is a white flower.

A skewed view of the corona above the cupped corolla. enlarged about 8X. Note the unusual inner lobe formation and positioning, the apex does not reach the center but is curved up over the anther bases. The enhanced pubescent trail leading from under the coronal lobes is visible here. The outer lobes are swollen, curve down slightly from the raised center. Anther wings are thick.

Top view of the corona, enlarged about 16X. The emarginate apex of the outer coronal lobes are evident as a result of rudimentary side lobes reaching the apex, in some instances these lobes curve over each other at the apex.

275

Bottom view of the corona, enlarged about 16X. The lobes are openly channeled only as far as the sinuses. The curved edges forming the channel are unusually thick, their surfaces are finely sulcate.

Corona: relatively small for the size of the corolla, outer apices do not come near the corolla sinuses. Inner lobes narrow finger like projections, somewhat rounded but nevertheless spatulate, raised in an arch like configuration, apex somewhat acute, do not reach the center so the whole anther apical area is exposed. This narrow inner lobe configuration leaves considerably distance between lobes so the retinacula and anther wings are well exposed. Outer lobes slope slightly downward, apices obtuse, lower side openly channeled surface finely sulcate, with a curved shelf-like side along the anther groove projecting outward to form an emarginate apex beyond the outer lobe apex. Anther wings strict and narrow, well defined projecting only slightly beyond the surrounding coronal material. The column thickened and outside densely hirsute. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest (top) Ret. to ret. Ret. to center Ret to anther wing

0.30 cm. 0.42 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.10 cm.

276

Hoya obovata Decaisne 1844

Photo of plant in flower, Fresno, California in 1990, by Dale Kloppenburg.

Under side of the corona enlarged about 16X. This side is channeled and finely sulcate. Note: the attached collar is hirsute with long white cells. The two ovaries remain in the center. The outer lobes are blunt but not obtuse as in H. kerrii Craib, H. diversifolia Decaisne, H. meliflua (Blanco) Merrill or H. excavata Teijsm. & Binn. This makes me wonder if it belongs in the same section or possibly we have the wrong species here. (?) None of the descriptions describe the coronal outer lobe but all comment on inner lobe.

277

Top view of the corona showing some of the corolla enlarged about 16X. Corolla outside glabrous inside densely pubescent.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Note: the outer lobes are taperrounded. This surface is not sulcate, top center is sunken slightly with a small umbo. Inner lobe is dentate, not too short but does not quite reach the center. There are slight side shelves. 278

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged approx. 16X. The scale is relatively short in length, fairly deep, with a dentate inner lobe well short of the inner apex of the anthers. I believe this species would best fit into the Subsection Angusticarinatae Kloppenburg Than in the Section Amblyostemma Kloppenburg where I had previously placed it.

View of the stylar crown, pentagonal, simple enlarged about 16X.

Corona: Glossy surfaced, channeled below, and finely sulcate on the lower surfaces, also some fine sulcations on inner lobe area. Inner lobe extended bur short of the anthers, dentate to rounded. Outer lobe tapered subacute with very narrow side lobes. Apex to apex Center to apex Widest Ret to ret. Anther wing to aw. Scale depth at widest on top

0.40 cm. 0.44 cm. 0.21 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.24 cm. 0.17 cm.

279

Hoya obscura Elmer (Merrill) ex Burton 1986

Side view of crown Magnified about 16X.

Note: the sloping coronal lobes, the rounded outer end of lobe and the spatulate inner lobe and the skirt around the base of the scales.

Under view of scale showing the distinctive thin outer coronal lobes with a continuous skirt and no cleft on the lower side of the scale. In the center is a very pronounced collar. Magnified ca. 16X.

280

The Stylar Crown magnified ca. 48X.

This is a very distinctive feature of this species. Called by most past writers the stigma. It occupies the center of the flower and the lower portions are modified into a pentagonal table. The stigmatic receptive areas are located under each apex of the 5 points on the table. Crown (Corona): slightly elevated 0.62 cm. diam.; concave on top with elongated umbo toward inner apex. A collar (protrusion well in toward the center) below the scale forming a small pedicle. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Ret. ret. Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.28 cm. 0.31 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.18 cm. 0.18 cm.

281

Hoya obtusifolia Wight 1834

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. There is a prominent column, very narrow anther appendages, channeled below. This surface is finely sulcate, apices are rounded and emarginate, due to narrow side lobes.

282

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The inner lobes touch in the center are spatulate to somewhat rounded. Outer apex is rounded and dimple emarginate due to basal side lobes, here again in the Subsection Angusticarinata Kloppenburg. Surface is glabrous shiny and waxy, rounded all over. Anther wings are narrow on a broad area between the scale proper.

Side view of the coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Surface is finely sulcate grooves running almost horizontal, channeled below. Inner apex rises and is spatulate, dorsal is swaybacked. Scale has good depth.

283

End view of the coronal scale, outer lobe raised exposing the channeled groove below and the prominent column, also less clear is the side lobes arising just below the anther wing. (see left side).

Corona: red colored, waxy, glabrous. Prominent column flared at the base 0.13 cm. long, 0.11 cm in diameter. Center to apex Widest Anther wing to aw Retinaculum to ret.

0.40 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.17 cm.

284

Hoya odetteae Kloppenburg 1998

Discovered by Odette & David Cumming at Patin-ay 1 Bridge, Mindanao, Philippines. Flower from Ted Green, Kaaawa Hawaii.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged approx. 16 X. Note: what is mostly visible here are the bilobed extensions, they are nearly flat on this under side and extend beyond the outer apex, which here is deeper orange in color and only slightly visible. The channeling extends form the apex to the rolled edges near the sinuses (anther wing area). The central column is thickened.

Side view of the corona enlarged as above. Here the blocky nature of the corona is evident and the configuration of the bilobes, extending beyond the outer apex of the lobes. The column is visible below at the center. 16X

285

Another view of the corona, this time including the revolute corolla and a potion of the pedicel. The pubescent inner surface of the corolla is evident as well as the visible bilobed coronal extensions. Visible is the round (terete) glabrous pedicel. 16X

Side view of one coronal scale again enlarged approx. 16X. The inner lobe is spatulate, the anthers extend beyond it and the lobe itself is very blocky in form. The bilobed extensions curving down the side of the lobe and extending beyond the rounded outer coronal apex is visible.

Corona: lobes do not reach the sinus of corolla; very thick and chunky, small, raised in center, narrow spatulate inner lobe, outer lobe excised, squared off to slightly cupped and tapered downward, waxy, glabrous plump, yellow; bilobed with lobes flat to beveled inward along edge of inflated coronal scale extending beyond outer apex curved inward and slightly upward: Apex - apex 0.15 cm., Center - apex 0.19 cm., top convex, anther wing apex-anther wing apex 0.11 cm.; retinaculum plainly visible.

286

Hoya odorata Schlechter 1906

Bottom view of the corona. channeled tightly in the center. Side lobes do not reach the corona outer apex.. Central column short and thickened. Anther wings are thick and doubled. Crown diameter 0.68 cm., waxy. Lt. canary yellow colored. Center – apex 0.34 cm. widest 0.21 cm.

Corona top view. Outer apex is obtuse and thin around end due to side scales not reaching the apex. Dorsal in convex and rounded edges. Inner lobe is raised and spatulate not exceeding the anthers. Inner lobe also does not cover the center. Notice the doubled anther wings.

Side view of a coronal scale showing its thickness and dorsal texture. Inner spatulate lobe and the anthers rising above inwardly. Anther wings are very shallowly curved. Outer apex blunt.

Stylar crown exposed (yellow center area) and somewhat capitate.

287

Hoya onychoides P. I. Forster & Liddle 1995

Bottom view of the corona at the center enlarged about 8X. center column is short, thickened, glabrous as are the lobes. The channels of the lobes are open with edges smoothly rounded, sinus area (extension of the anther wing channel) are earlike again edged rounded and protrude to the central column. View of lower surface of coronal lobe enlarged as above, channel is open. apical area with ends rolled inward to form a blunt, dimpled apex, surfaces are glabrous and finely sulcate.

Inner lobes of the corona enlarged about 16X. Lobes form a dome, are spatulate and meet at the center. Inner lobe is 0.30 cm. long. Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center

0.20 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.40 cm.

Enlarged as above showing the central portion of the coronal lobes, dorsal surfaces are rounded. the lobe length from apex – apex is 1.17 cm.

Apical end of the coronal lobe enlarged about 8X. End is rounded a little bulbous, glabrous and finely sulcate, end flared slightly.

Side view of the apical end of the coronal spatulate lobe with the anther below. Spatulate inner lobe curves over the center. dorsal outward is rounded extending all the way to the outer apical area where the end is blunt and sub bulbous. 288

Outer apical area of the coronal lobe side view enlarged about 16X. Length of this extension is 0.55 cm., surface finely sulcate and apex raised with rounded surfaces.

289

Hoya opposita G. Don 1837

Inside view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Corolla cut into five lobes very deeply cut (more than ½ way). Coronal lobes exceed the sinuses of the corolla. Corolla is very wide just outwardly from the sinuses and curve under to form the conduplicate folds referred to by Vahl. Corona outer apex long tapered acute, keeled down the center, inner apex shortly spatulate; channeled below in toward the center, diagonally sulcate, narrow side lobes seem not to reach the apex. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Anther wing – aw.

290

0.25 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.13 cm.

Hoya pachyclada Kerr 1939

Side view of a crown the flower with a small portion of the corolla enlarged about 16X, note the finely granulose texture to this surface of the corolla, the rather blocky coronal scales, channeled along the under side and almost horizontal on top. Remember this is a white flower only the microscope lamp makes the surface appear yellow.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Fairly long hairs around the central thickened column, the scales are tightly channeled well into the central portion of the corona, this surface is very finely and shallowly sulcate. Sinus formed by the sides of the anther wings protrude a little. 291

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The inner lobe of the scales are short and dentate, scales are broad in the center, very thick, outer lobe is very shortly apiculate otherwise obtusely rounded. The inner lobes do not reach the center so the anthers show, the scale top is nearly horizontal cupped slightly (concave) with a small umbo in the dip.

Side view of an individual scale enlarged about 16X. Note how horizontal the top of the scale is, the slight umbo in the concave top shoes here. The outer lobe seems to be extended into a round knob similar to the end of the scale found on Hoya wallichii Burton. The inner lobe is short the anthers are attached a considerable distance down on the lower side of this lobe (here maybe pulled back as it exceeds the inner lobe. There is a stray pollinarium at the lower right side (here by accident). The scales are rather thick through the central portion.

292

Top view of the stylar table. showing after 3 coronal scales have been removed, here enlarged about 16X. The center is apiculate with radiating lines toward the pentagonal corners of the table. It is under these corners that the stigmatic surfaces are located and on the corners above where the dark retinacula are secreted.

Corona: nearly horizontal, hairs on collar long and straight, collar linearly lined 0.60 cm. tall. Inner lobe rather long and narrowing, dentate, scale top slightly concave with an umbo toward the inner lobe, anthers exceed the inner lobe. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center Depth of scale

0.40 cm. 0.45 cm. so diameter is 0.90 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.22 cm. 0.21 cm. 0.21 cm. at greatest.

Stylar table: pentagonal, center raised and simple with radiating ridges toward the edges form the center, 0.04 cm. tall.

293

Hoya pallida Lindley 1821 From Kim F. Yap, Singapore as H. verticillata alba.

Side view of the flower and corolla at the sinus area. Corolla is sunken under the corona and the coronal is raised on a column, outer lobes raised exposing the channeled under sides of the lobes. Outer apex turns down and is acute. Outer apex higher than inner apex.

Top view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Coronal lobes are ovate, inner lobe narrowly dentate does not reach the center. Outer apex apiculate and acute. Apex - Apex Apex - center Widest Ret. - ret. Ret. - Center Aw. - aw. Aw - center

0.34 cm. 0.38 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.20 cm.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Scales are channeled to inward from the anther wings. Central column is pronounced 0.10 cm. tall. Anther wings are thick. Surfaces are glabrous.

294

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Anther exceeds the inner scale apex, outer lobe is raised, dorsal concave with a raised central keel and edges slightly raised and sharp. Low side lobes extend to the apex from the anther wing area. Anther wings scythe shaped and thick but not doubled.

Another view of a coronal scale attached to the column (right below), exposing the dorsal surface, the deep scythe shaped anther wing and the lower narrow side lobe extending from the anther wing to the apex of the outer lobe.

One more side view of the flower showing how the corona is raised on a central column above the corolla, how the outer lobes are raised above the center and the apex turns over.

295

Hoya pallilimba Kleijn & van Donkelaar 2001

Side view of the flower with crown enlarged about 8X. Note: the rather long bilobed extensions, the slight keel in the dorsal cupped surface of each scale.

Top view of the flower enlarged about 8X. The outer apices of the coronal bilobes reach the corolla sinuses. The inner lobes do not reach the coronal center.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. There is a short column in the center, bilobes curve to form a channel on this underside which extends well in toward the center. This lower surface is finely sulcate.

296

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Note: the bilobes are more translucent then the scale body, they curve up at the ends and touch each other, with rounded apices. Inner lobes are long tapering, narrowly spatulate. There is a wide space at the anther wings between each coronal scale. Apex – apex Apex - end Center – apex end Widest Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.18 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.09 cm. top 0.07 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.13 cm. 0.14 cm.

View of the stylar table enlarged about 8X. This is an ornate capitate head for the central raised portion of the pentagonal table.

Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe is rounded spatulate, points almost vertically, outer lobe cuts off abruptly, bilobes well formed and rounded. Inner lobe exceeds the anthers.

297

Hoya panayensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2009

Inside top view of a flower enlarged about 8X. Here the corona is pressed flat. It is bilobes, an Acanthostemma (Bl.) Kloppenburg Section flower. Inner lobes are long spatulate, outer lobe is obtuse, short, bifid extensions meet at the end along the apex side. Surfaces are glabrous, flattened the lobes reach the corolla sinuses. surfaces are finely sulcate on bilobes. Corolla surface inside is pubescent.

Photo of one coronal scale enlarged about 16X or more, note inner lobe is long and spatulate covers the center, outer lobe between the two extending bilobes is obtuse. bilobe apices meet at the ends, surfaces are sulcate. Apex – apex Apex – bilobe end Widest Ret. – ret Aw. – aw.

0.16 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.16 cm.

The underside is channeled, open in center and side lobes are narrow to near the sinuses with central area around the column open.

298

Hoya panchoi Kloppenburg 1988

299

Hoya pauciflora Wight 1848

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Lobes are channeled and edges form a pentagonal design near the center, the lower surfaces are finely sulcate. There is a very large thickened column in the center. The channels are made up of revolute edges of narrow bilobed extensions, which do not reach the outer apex.

Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret Ret. - center Aw. – aw.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes are short and spatulate and do not reach the center where the membranous anthers are exposed. Outer lobes are obtuse, dorsal sway backed with inner lobes higher than the outer with the central portion lowest of all, widest near the outer apex; edges rounded. Narrow side lobes originate near the retinaculum but do not extend all the way to the outer apex. Diameter is 0.58 cm. 0.28 cm. 0.29 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.20 cm.

Scale enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe raised but anther overtops it. Dorsal swayed, outer lobe raised and apex curved under a little, lower shelved bilobes extend to below outer apex but do not extend up to it. Anther wing is very deep scythe shaped. Material below to the right is part of the column. A pollinium is still in the anther pocket.

300

Stylar table enlarged about 16X. The center is a narrow dome. Two anthers are pulled back to expose this center and one coronal scale has been removed, in the center below is the hollow that the ovaries would occupy, if present. The lower side of the left scale shows the thickened scythe shaped anther wing.

301

Hoya paulshirleyi D. Kloppenburg & T. Green 2009

Inside view of a flower enlarged about 8X. Corolla inside is pubescent. Corona is horizontal, glabrous and finely sulcate. Sinus – sinus 0.37 cm. Sinus – center 0.35 cm. Sinus – apex 0.60 cm. Apex – center 0.75 cm. Widest 0.48 cm.

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The lobes are channeled to the central column, rolled edges are sulcate, glabrous, outer apex is acute, broadest near the middle. Collar short and thick walled.

Top view of the corona, inner lobe is dentate, do not reach the center, dorsal is slightly concave with a noticeable umbo forward, outer apex is acute and exceeds the corolla sinus. Apex – apex 0.36 cm. Apex – center 0.40 cm. Widest 0.22 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.09 cm. Ret. – center 0.06 cm. Aw. – aw. 0.20 cm. Aw. – center 0.15 cm. The anther wings and retinacular area are sunken below the scale dorsal surface.

Side view of a scale enlarged about 32X. lobe is horizontal, note umbo near inner apex. Anther here bent down in abnormal position.

302

Hoya paziae Kloppenburg 1990

Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Here the groove formed by the rolled sides of the lower coronal lobes extends all the way inward, its surface is finely sulcate. The outer portion of the roll meet ¾ the way to the outer apex, the narrow side lobes meet to form a cleft near the apex of this outer lobe. The anther wings are very prominent, a distinctive feature of this species. The column is thickened, and a piece of the corolla attached shown hairs protruding from its upper surface, the collar area.

Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. There is a definite concave central portion to the upper part of these lobes. The outer lobes are rounded, the narrow side lobes are visible near the base of the lobes, the inner lobes are considerably raised in the center, are spatulate and rise above the anthers but do not fold over them. The anther wings are well developed and the dark retinaculum is plainly visible between the lobes. 303

Side view of a coronal lobe with attached stylar material and a portion of the corolla pointing left at the base of the picture. This is enlarged about 16X. The concave in the upper central surface and the rounded outer lobe along with long the narrow spatulate raised inner lobe overtopping the anther. The scutellar anther wing is visible.

Top view of the pentagonal stylar crown enlarged about 16X. Here the anther wings are still intact, in one is a pollinium lodged (right side). The apical center is made up of 5 mealy shortly linear protrusions.

Corona: dark colored. Prominent anther wings, long narrow acute ended inner lobe. Outer lobe obtuse, inner lobe spatulate. Apex to apex Apex - center Widest Ret. - ret Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center

0.35 cm. 0.29 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.27 cm. 0.25 cm.

304

Flower with corona enlarged about 16X. Note that the coronal lobes are short of reaching the corolla sinus, are rounded on the outer apex.

I believe the next two (UC) species are also H. paziae.

305

Hoya odorata Schlechter UC #13176.

Flower inside showing crown structure. Corona inner lobes upright with anthers still exposed. outer lobes obtuse, glabrous. Scales made up of 3 side plates at least when dry. Apex – apex Inner apex – base

0.20 cm. 0.28 cm.

Inner lobes pale cream outer lobe dark purple.

Central part of corona greatly enlarged to show the linear punctuations on the inner coronal lobe dorsal surface and how it arises above the anthers. Side of corona in three folds and outer apex raised rounded and also folded in this dry state (as Schlechter drew H. eugenioides).

306

Hoya odorata Schlechter, UC #13860 Collected by A. Loher at Oriud, Rizal, Philippines, March 1914 Data 6/19/90

Inside surface of the corolla. lobes deeply cut. Corona in the center.

Side view of the corona, inner lobes upright. Note the column center below.

Side view of a coronal scale. Described above. Corona: glabrous, inner lobe raised sharply, outer lobe apex obtuse, channeled below, centrally a column. Dorsal is sway backed. Anthers showing in center above inner lobe apex. Apex – apex Depth Inner apex- base 307

0.21 cm. 0..10 cm. 0.14 cm.

Hoya pentaphlebia Merrill 1918

Top view of the corona magnified approx. 16 X. Note: the very short, dentate shaped inner lobes, the very acute outer lobes. The anthers ate exposed in the flower center and the retinacular area is sunken below the lobes. The anther wings forming the groove do not extend very far out on the lobes. The center is actually lower than the outer apex.

Side view of a corona scale. The crown is almost horizontal, actually slightly depressed in the center and bulged out slightly in the center. The inner lobe is very short, the outer apex somewhat acute, below channeled with rolled edges touching. Approx. 16X.

308

Corona: Apex exceeds the corolla sinus, horizontal, short dentate inner lobe, outer lobe tapering to acute apex, channeled below, color white to pale yellow. Apex to apex Apex to center Apex to end Widest Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Anther wing to aw. Aw. - center

0.29 cm. 0.32 cm. 0.29 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.17 cm.

309