The Hoya Corona Part III
By Dale Kloppenburg
Dale Kloppenburg 6427 N. Fruit Ave. Fresno California All rights reserved © 15 July 2003 Revised August 2009 Revised August 2010
Hoya picta Miquel 1856
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. As with many hoya species the bilobes weather narrow of full are rolled under to form a channel below, in this case very open with the apex of the scales showing through the extended ends as they meet apically or even cross ends. The center column is large.
View of the corona enlarged about 8X. Corolla revolute, pedicels curved, center of corona sharply raised, scales bilobed. Outer lobes do not reach the sinus, inner lobes do not reach the center. Inner lobes spatulate. Dorsal with umbo. Apex – apex Apex – outer end Bilobes – center Aw. – aw. Ret. – ret. Ret. – center
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0.10 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.05 cm.
Hoya pimenteliana Kloppenburg 1999
Corona enlarged approx. 65 X. Note depth of each scale and the shelf like extensions on sides of scales.
Side view of scale approx. 65X Note the great depth of the scale, the raised inner Lobe and the rounded outer lobe, also the ridge along the lower part of the scale meeting at the outer apex.
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Bottom view of Corona enlarged approx. 65X
Top view of flower showing that the coronal lobes extend beyond the sinus (the cleft in the corolla) and the unusual apex of the corolla lobe. Approx. 65X enlarged.
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Corona: outer apex higher than inner apex, inner apex dentate covering the anthers, outer lobe rather blunt turning downward tripartite. Scales fully and finely sulcate on all surfaces, rather narrow above, concave here and below in from outer apex, channeled below, scale sides broadening downward from top surface, anther wings prominent. Apex - apex Scale top Base Apex - center Anther wing - aw. Retinacula - ret. AW. - center AW. - retinaculum
0.28 cm. 0.10 cm. wide. 0.20 cm. wide. 0.30 cm, 0.22 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.19 cm. 0.11 cm.
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Hoya plicata King & Gamble 1908
Top view of the corona and corolla (inside) enlarged about 16X. Note the inner surface of the corolla lobes are villous (long thick hairs). The side lobes of the corona are wide and flattened on top, giving a rounded appearance to the outer apex. This surface is finely sulcate, with linear lines lengthwise. Inner lobe is narrow and long but does not reach the center and nearly round, a form between spatulate and dentate. The scales are wide apart.
Side view of the scale enlarged about 16X. The anther is attached to the inner lobe well down the lobe and exceeds the inner apex by a considerable length. The inner calyx lobe is slightly flattened and with a curved apical area. The anther wings here are distinctly large. The side lobe here shows the linear sulcations and forms a rounded apex, although the actual top of the scale ends in an acute angle or at least one that is very narrow.
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Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The bottom is channeled but the channel is short and at its end the curved edges roll under toward the sinus, a very thick short column occupies the center. The whole flower here is stiff in appearance.
Side view of the pentagonal stylar table with its raised center, and sharp central portion. King & Gamble are of the few hoya taxonomists who labeled this structure correctly. "Styleapex 5-angled, fleshy with a short conical apiculus".
Corona: raised to the center, inner lobe long and narrow but not reaching the center so the anthers are exposed (the meet in the center). Outer portion with wide shelves and flat on top (bilobed extensions) they are finely longitudinally sulcate, scale itself smooth and waxy surfaced. There is a wide space between the scales, ca. 0.10 cm. Whole structure supported on a thickened column. Apex to apex 0.34 cm. Apex to center 0.40 cm. Widest 0.15 cm. Retinaculum to ret. 0.12 cm. Ret. - center 0.13 cm. Anther wing to aw. 0.26 cm. Aw. - center 0.20 cm.
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Hoya polystachya Blume 1849 Discussion: I am not sure this species conforms to the flower drawing of Blume in regard to the coronal outer lobe configuration. Blume shows outer lobes acute and turning slightly downward. Our lobes are rounded, indented with a short apical tip. The blooming habit of multiple peduncles is similar. There has been much confusion between the species H. macrophylla Blume, H. latifolia G. don and this species. See all these “Passports” for more details. Photomicrographs of flowers from my plant follow:
Top view of corolla and corona enlarged about 16X. The inner corolla surface is pubescent, outside glabrous. Coronal lobes are well short of the sinus. This is another difference from Blume’s drawing which show the corolla lobes deep cut so the coronal lobes reach the sinus. I believe with these differences we need to look critically for another plant to fit Blume’s description.
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Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Note the dimpled outer apex. I did not make note if the inner lobe is spatulate or dentate, however it is short and does not reach the center where the anthers are well exposed.
Bottom view of same corona enlarged about 16X. Note the short channel on this surface and again the tiny apiculate apex on the outer lobe. The outer apex is actually indented below.
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Hoya polystachya 'alba' Flowers from Ann Wayman Roll 255 Original plant from Ted Green
Above picture of inside of the flower enlarged about 16X. The corolla inside surface is finely pubescent, with no pubescence under the corona not the apical portion of the corolla lobes. There are some hair cells around the column under the corona. Collar 0.05 cm. tall, 0.11 cm. in diameter. Note the coronal lobes do not reach the center nor does the outer apices reach the corolla sinuses but almost. bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The edges of the lobe forming the channel are overlapped in the central region, edges are diagonally finely sulcate, apex indented to form a tripartite apex. Central column is thickened a little. Anther wings are narrow with a sharp slightly protruding end. All surfaces glabrous, except for some still hair cells at base of column.
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Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Ret. - ret. Ret - center Ret - aw. Aw. - aw. Aw - center
0.20 cm. 0.22 cm. 0.14 cm. 0.13 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.14 cm. 0.13 cm.
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X, The surface is glabrous, scale lays essentially horizontal Inner apex is rounded and curved up slightly, outer apex is rounded with tripartite end. Center concave with raised edges. Anthers exceed the inner apex.
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Hoya poolei White & Francis 1928
Top view of the flower enlarged about 16X. The coronal outer apices exceed the corolla sinus slightly, the inner lobes are spatulate or somewhat rounded, very short and do not quite reach the center. As in Hoya eitapensis Schlechter the scale dorsal is convex and slightly lined (rough) longitudinally. There are narrow bilobes. Here the corolla inner surface is certainly pubescent. *Note: that White and Frances say "flowers glabrous", also that they are "like Hoya gracilis Schlechter but differs in its shorter peduncles and glabrous corolla" Schlechter says his species has peduncles 4-6cm. long, this one 2-3 cm. long. Paul Forster's description lists the peduncles as 9 cm. long. I would question if he is describing the same species.
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Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The bottom lobes are channeled leaving a pentagonal structured center, the surface of the scales below are finely sulcate sulcations curving over the sides in a diagonal fashion. There is a very thickened prominent column in the center; this should raise the corona off the corolla surface. The narrow bilobes ate readily visible, reaching clear to the apex. Again this places this species in the Section Acanthostemma, subsection Angusticarinata.
Side view of the scale from the corona enlarged about 16X. Note that the inner lobe is almost round, the anthers are only slightly longer. The side bilobes are visible and they make the typical emarginate dimpled apex at the outer end. The scale is fairly deep through the center, part of the column is still attached. Corona: lobes just reach the sinus, inner lobes just slightly short of the center. Inner lobes short rounded. Lobe dorsal rounded and linearly ridges, narrowly bilobed along the sides, channeled below, turned edges sulcate, long thickened column on under side. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest Thickest Retinacula to ret. Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw. - center
0.36 cm. 0.38 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.15 cm.
Stylar crown: simple rounded.
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Hoya pottsii Traill 1830
The photos and data below are from the species India #3 This has been called Hoya pottsii, Roll 193 2/17/95
Bottom view of the corona. Scales are glabrous, channeled to inside from the sinuses leaving a little space around the central raised collar. surfaces sulcata, apex acute.
Top view of the corona in the corolla, the outer lobes exceed the corolla sinuses a little, inner lobes are short dentate and do not reach the center, dorsal with broad raised ridge down center with raised sharp edges. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – ret.
0.35 cm. 0.37 cm. 0.19 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.06 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.12 cm.
View of the top of corona by itself. note the outer apex is turned under a little and acute. Anther wings are thick walled and protrude a little.
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Hoya pseudolittoralis Norman 1937
Top view of the corolla and corona enlarged about 16X. The inner lobes are short, dentate and do not meet in the center leaving the anthers exposed. The outer lobes almost reach the sinuses and are narrowly rounded. There are narrow side shelves that reach the outer apex (emarginate). There is a low keel in the dorsal center.
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Skewed view of the corona enlarged 16X to show the saddle shape to the coronal lobes. The central lobes are raised and slope outward to the slightly raised outer lobe apices. Here the narrow side lobes are visible and also the thick column supporting the corona, most visible at the anther wing areas. Corolla lobes are inflexed and their pubescent inner surface is evident. Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe is raised, dentate with a keel extending to the outer apex. The scale is relatively thin, outer apex rounded with meeting narrow side lobes. Scutellar anther wings are not deep.
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Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X with one scale removed. The narrow side extensions roll under to form a central channel, which extends only as far as the sinuses. Outer apices are emarginate, the central column is well developed and thickened.
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Hoya pubicalyx Merrill 1918
Top (inside) view of a corolla lobe and part of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inside surface very dense pubescence. Coronal lobes exceed corolla sinuses.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Scales are channeled and edges very finely sulcate; with long under curve below anther wings. Central column thickened. 0.10 cm. tall.
Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes do not reach the center where the long anthers rise above the center, which are 0.13 cm. long. Inner lobe keeled on top and spatulate. Scales broaden outwardly tapering to an emarginate apex, dorsal surface slightly sunken and with sharp edges above and slightly raised down center. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret. Aw. – aw. Aw.- ret.
0.56 cm. 0.63 cm. 0.33 cm. 0.14 cm. 0.35 cm. 0.17 cm.
View of the pentagonal stylar crown with mast coronal scales intact enlarged about 8X. The stylar apex is raised, somewhat columnar with a mealy texture.
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Hoya purpureofusca Hooker 1849 Hoya cinnamomifolia subspecies purpureofusca Kloppenburg
Bottom view of a portion of the corona enlarged about 16X. Note: the pentagonal outline formed by the rolled edges of the coronal lobes and the face that they are finely sulcate, centrally channeled. The ovary cavity is visible in the center All surfaces are glabrous and waxy.
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Top view of the corona with some of the corolla exposed underneath, here magnified approx. 16X. The inner apex is slightly longer than in Hoya cinnamomifolia Hooker but still dentate, they are well short of the center.
Side view of a scale and top view from which it was removed. It normally is horizontal. Enlarged about 16X. Anther wing sides are thick sided and scythe shaped
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Hoya purificacioniae Kloppenburg & Siar
Outside (lower) surface of the corona enlarged about 8X. Surfaces are glabrous, lobes are channeled evenly to near the central thickened column, lobes are diagonally sulcate.
Inner surface of the corona, inner lobes are dentate, do not reach the center. Outer lobes are raised apex is sub-acute slightly turned down, dorsal is concave with rounded edges, a umbo in center forward, surfaces are glabrous with linear sulcations. Retinacula and anther wings are clearly visible. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret – ret. Ret – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center
0.33 cm. 0.35 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.21 cm. 0.19 cm.
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe dentate exceeded by the anther here bent down (left center), outer lobe raised, surfaces glabrous.
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Hoya querinoensis Kloppenburg & Siar 2007 Apocinaceae subfamily Asclepiadoideae genus Hoya
Inside view of the flower with corona intact, enlarged about 8X. Coronal lobes reach or exceed the corolla sinuses. Corolla surface is pubescent.
Bottom view of the corona. surfaces are sulcate, glabrous. Scale apex is narrowly obtuse, channeled from apex to in from the sinus area. Center is a raised column 0.05 cm. tall.
Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes are spatulate and nearly reach the center, dorsal with a long central keel and a small umbo forward, outer apex acute. Anther wings are narrow with pointed apex. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest on dorsal Ret. - ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. AW. – center
0.25 cm. 0.28 cm. 0.13 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.10 cm.
Side view of a coronal lobe enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe slightly raised, scale outer apex is actually raised, surfaces finely sulcate and glabrous. (some of stylar material to the right center).
329
Hoya quinquinervia Warburg 1904
Top view of corona enlarged approx. 8 times. Note: the relatively long, dentate inner lobes of the corona that do not reach the center where the anthers are exposed. The crown is essentially flat (horizontal) the outer lobes are acute and slightly bent down and exceed the corolla sinus. The crown sits well above the corolla. Color is white with a yellowish Corolla.
Side view of the corona scale with anther attached, enlarged about 16X. Note the scale top is horizontal except that the inner dentate lobe is raised and the outer lobe turns down. The scale itself is plump and relatively thick.
Corona: Center to apex = apex to apex 0.25 cm. Outer apex turned down, inner apex slightly raised. Inner lobe dentate, short. Widest 0.15 cm. Aw. to aw. 0.14 cm. Retianculum to ret. 0.08 cm. Ret. to center 0.07 cm.
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Hoya quisumbingii Kloppenburg 1992
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X . Lobes are channeled well in toward the column, apical ends are rounded. Anther wings extend beyond the sinuses.
Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner coronal lobes meet in the center and are spatulate. Outer lobes are rounded and bilobed. Bilobes are wide and project much beyond the outer lobe apex, curling up at the apex. Anther wings are very prominent. Apex to apex Widest Lobe extension
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0.25 cm. 0.18 cm. 0.07 cm.
Hoya ramosii Kloppenburg & Siar 2007 Collected by Ramos & Edano July- September 1928, Catanduanes, Philippines
Another flower, corolla would not open to expose the corona without tearing.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Bilobes are lance like with acute apices extending well beyond the apex of the outer lobe. The anther wings are very unusual with two wings on each side of the channel.
Top view of a corona enlarged about 16X. Note here again the shape of the bilobes and the enlarged anther wings. Apex – apex Apex – center
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0.30 cm. 0.41 cm.
Hoya recurvula Kloppenburg 2000
Top view of the flower enlarged about 15X. The outer lobe of the corona exceed the corolla sinus and are turned under. The inner lobe of the corona is short, dentate and does not nearly reach the crown center where the anthers are exposed. Anther wings are narrow (not doubled) and slightly exceed the cleft.
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Bottom and top views of the corona enlarged about 15X. The outer apex is seen curving under over the channeled base. These surfaces are finely sulcate above and below. The dorsal surface is slightly concave with a low umbo toward the inner apex which here is very short, dentate and well short of the center.
Side view of a individual scale enlarged about 16X. Note the curved under outer apex, a scale which is not very thick and a curved up inner apex (dentate) not reaching the center where the anther is extended.
Corona: channeled below, edges of grove finely and deeply sulcate, apical area open, acute. Column ca. 0.05 cm. tall 0.14 cm. across, anther wings extended and narrow. Dorsal surface also sulcate and concave near the inner apex center a small umbo, inner apex short, dentate, does not reach center but inner apex raised above the anthers. Outer apex sharply recurved at maturity, acute. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest (scale) Anther wing to aw. Retinaculum to ret. Anther wing to ret.
0.34 cm. 0.38 cm. so the diameter is 0.76 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.10 cm.
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Hoya recurvula subsp. bokorensis Kloppenburg & Yap 2010
Outside surface of the corona enlarged about 16X. The lobes are channeled to near the central column that is short 0.03 cm. tall. Lobe edges are diagonal sulcate rounded to slightly overlapping. Anther wings protrude a little end surfaces rounded.
Top view enlarged as above. Corona is horizontal, inner lobes dentate do not reach the center, dorsal subconcave with a low umbo and keel, outer lobe turned under as in Hoya recurvula Kloppenburg. Anthers and pollinaria plainly visible. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center
0.37 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.17 cm.
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 32X. Note curved under apical end and dentate inner lobe short of the anthers, surface is horizontal, glabrous and sulcate on outer portion of the lobe.
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Hoya retusa Dalzell 1852
Photomicrographs: Flowers from Eva-Karin Wiberg, Sweden, 5/28/97. Top view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Corolla inside is finely pubescent (puberulous) creamy-white and not very deeply cut; with a short collar. Corona outer lobes obtuse, inner lobes spatulate. Sinus to sinus 0.40 cm. Sinus to center 0.34 cm. Sinus to apex 0.48 cm. Center to apex 0.70. cm. Folded at the sinus and widest here. Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The surface is diagonally sulcate with a long central channel approaching the central column area. The surfaces are waxy and glabrous. Apex to apex Apex to center Anther wing to aw. Widest (dorsal) Retinaculum to ret. Anther wing to ret. Ret. to center
0.20 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.06 cm. 0.05 cm.
Side view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The center is raised, the inner lobes are spatulate not reaching the center. Dorsal surface is cupped and the outer lobes also raised and obtuse. The stylar head not shown here is tapered upward with a flat head and sub-fimbriate. Corona is red colored.
Side view of an individual coronal scale enlarged about 16X. The pale anther is shown to the right sticking out above the inner lobe, the cupped dorsal surface is visible and the raised outer obtuse lobe is shown. The anther wing below center is well developed. The scale from the outer lobe to its base is 0.23 cm. and from the inner apex to the bottom is 0.15 cm.
336
Hoya revoluta Wight 1883
Corona greatly enlarged. A surprising find here this species is intermediate between two sections (Otostemma and Acanthostemma) like H. lacunosa it has the skirt visible between the coronal lobes and also the bilobes typical of species like H. bilobata. The inner lobes here are thick spatulate, the outer apex narrowly rounded and blunt. The side lobes arise at the retinacular area well toward the inner apices and extent well beyond the scale outer apex. Another unusual aspect is these bilobes extend in a vertical manner (widest vertically). The skirt is also unusual having a granulose surface texture. The anthers exceed the inner lobes slightly.
Another view showing the inner lob apex more clearly. The retinaculum is well up on the crown. Apex - apex Apex - end Apex - center Center - end Widest (scale top) Width Ret. - ret. Ret. - center ret. - Aw.
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0.15 cm. 0.18 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.21 cm. 0.05 cm 0.09 cm. 0.06 cm. 0.05 cm.. 0.05 cm.
Bottom view of the corona with its skirt and also short groove formed by the extended and curved coronal bilobes. The channel is proportionately shorter here than on most Acanthostemma section hoyas. This whole structure sits over the depression in the corolla center and supported by the narrow column surrounding the ovaries. The skirt is lobed at its center on each pentagonal side, not cut deeply as in some Otostemma species.
Side view of a coronal scale greatly enlarged. Note the dorsal surface of the scale has an unusual pleated surface. Outer scale apex ends abruptly surrounded by the two bilobes which meet at their apexes, they extend from an area opposite the retinacula. The inner apex is thickly spatulate and is exceeded by the anther. The anther wings are narrow and can be seen along the lower edge of the bilobed. Some columnar tissue is attached as well as the granular surfaced skirt section.
The pentagonal based raised stylar crown. The head here is domed and mealy in structure the ridges leading to the stylar crown edges where the retinacula and stigmas are located can be seen running up the below the crown head.
338
Hoya rhodostella Ridley 1923
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The lobes are very long and narrow, stellate. Lobes are channeled below all the way to the large central column, which is here much thickened and tall. Column 0.10 cm. tall and at lest 1/2 as wide.
Corona side view enlarged about 8X, said to be claret in color. Column is long; scales long and narrow with the center raised, Inner lobe appears to be spatulate. The anther wings (slot) is pronounced, long clear to the retinaculum.
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X. Actually the inner lobe is more raised than shown here. Inner lobe covers the anthers.
339
Hoya rigida Kerr 1939
Photomicrographs: The following are from flowers (in Alcohol) sent me by Chanin Thorut from Bangkok, Thailand 3/12/92. (Roll106).
A composite of two photos enlarged about 16X. The corolla are reflexed with revolute lobes, the inner surface is finely pubescent. The corona is horizontal on top, channeled below and glabrous, waxy, rigid.
340
Bottom view of a portion of the corona enlarged about 16X. The scaled are channeled and the surface has very fine curving sulcations. The lobes are indented near the anther wings that project beyond the scale channel. The scale apex tapers to an acute end. The central column is well developed but not particularly long.
Corona: horizontally finely sulcate. Inner lobes do not reach center, dorsal with linear hump. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest
0.35 cm. 0.39 cm. 0.20 cm.
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Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The top is horizontal with a slight keel from end to end but interrupted slightly by a slight concave area just outside from the inner lobe, which contains a slight umbo. The inner lobes are dentate and do not reach the center. The anthers are visible as well as the dark retinaculum and the extended anther wings. There is a slight narrow shelf along the lower sides of each scale (bilobed) that extends toward the outer apex but does not appear to reach the tip.
Top view of the pentagonal stylar table with all but one scale of the corona removed, enlarged about 16X. The anther wings remain intact. There is a simple raised center and narrow radiating ridges from the center to the corners. One retinaculum is lodged under the upper edge of the coronal scale and one on the opposite edge.
342
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. The scale is rather thick and the anther wing cavity is rather deep. The view is skewed so it appears as for shortened. You are looking from the front apex toward the outer apex. The inner apex is short and dentate. One pollinarium remains.
343
Hoya rizaliana Kloppenburg 1991 Photomicrographs: From the (UC) Type material.
Collected in 1909 by Loher at Montalban, Rizal Province, Luzon Philippines. Greatly enlarged. The inner coronal lobes on drying stay curved over the flower center. Lower lobe extensions are concave above and striate (laterally sulcate). The anther wings are prominent. The whole crown rises above the corolla. Corolla inner surface is pubescent, the lobes ate triangular and acute. Lobes are deeply cut. Pedicle is terete, curved, glabrous, with a few lenticels, 0.12 cm. long, 0.06 cm. in diameter, a rusty red color.
Corolla inside below crown. Sinus - sinus Sinus - center Sinus - apex Apex - center Widest
0.25 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.38 cm. 0.58 cm. 0.27 cm.
Apical area on the inside is glabrous for about 0.28 cm.
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A photo greatly enlarged to show the connective area where the inner and outer coronal lobes meet and note the thickened prominent anther wings. Apex - outer lobe 0.23 cm. Apex - apex 0.15 cm. Widest top 0.06 cm. Anther wing-aw. 0.12 cm. Ret. - ret. 0.095 cm. Collar is 0.12 cm. long and a diameter of 0.10 cm. Ovaries are bottle shaped 0.18 cm. tall and base pair 0.17 cm. wide.
345
Hoya rosarioae Kloppenburg & Siar 2010
Side view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Corona sits in a shallow concave central portion of the corolla, upper side of corolla is pubescent, and revolute. Corona is skirted below (Section Oreostemma Schlechter). Inner lobes raised and narrow spatulate, outer lobes obtuse, thin, dorsal sub-concave with linear boss forward.
Top view of the corona on the flower enlarged as above. Note the thin outer coronal lobes, with tapered rounder apex. The coronal lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw – center
0.22 cm. 0.25 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.06 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.12 cm.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The lobes are skirted with the skirt interrupted at the anther wing area, lower edged are rounded, and extend outward (cupped) under the coronal lobe. Central column is prominent, with thickened sides 0.07 cm. tall and as wide at the opening which hole the ovaries.
346
A enlarged side view of the coronal under side enlarged at least 16X. The rounded edged skirt shows with its attachment to the central underside of each coronal lobe and a ridge extending from the Anther wings between each pair of coronal lobes. Central prominent column is here darker color to the right center.
347
Hoya rupicola Hill 1988
Top view of the corona and corolla enlarged about 8X. The lobes do not nearly reach the corolla sinuses. Inner lobes are short, raised, rounded dentate with the anthers well exposed. Dorsal surface cupped at base of inner lobe with raised edges and outwardly to the emarginate obtuse outer apex. Apex to apex 0.23 cm. Widest 0.17 cm. Column base to outer apex 0.34 cm. Apex to center 0.29 cm. so the crown diameter is 0.58 cm.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The edges are rolled under but only a very short channel is formed, There is a large central column, 0.15 cm in diameter and 0.10 cm. tall. Color white except some red tones on collar base.
Stylar crown is well formed columnar dome here enlarged about 8X. Sides are not slick but top dome is more smooth. The large conspicuous membranous anthers are here folded back and some coronal scales have been removed. All white except the anther pockets are yellow.
348
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Note the raised dentate inner coronal lobe, the sunken dorsal cup just back from the inner lobe and the rounded emarginate outer apex. Most noticeable is the extreme depth to the scales. Surface waxy and all white.
349
Hoya salweenica Tsiang & Li 1974
Photomicrographs of flowers at Fresno, California; plant sent via Ted Green from Chanin Thorut, Thailand:
Inside surface of the corolla lobe and part of corona enlarged about 8X. This surface is densely pubescent except for the apical triangle. Coronal apices reach the corolla sinuses. Pubescence under the crown is less dense.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Bottom is channeled only as far as the sinuses or less. Center occupied by a thickened walled column. Narrow side lobes to the coronal scales begin near the anther wings and extend to the outer apex.
Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes are narrow and seem to be dentate with a slight keel on the dorsal surface. (As there should be if dentate). Inner lobes do not reach the center where the anthers are exposed. Dorsal slopes slightly outward to a narrower rounded emarginate apex. Top is slightly domed. (Type desc. says outer lobe acute) Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X. Anther exceeds and is higher than the inner lobe, dorsal slightly swayed, outer apex a little raised above the back. Anther wing deeply cut into side of scale. Column material attached left below.
350
Hoya samoensis Seemann 1866
Top view of the flower enlarged about 8X. The corona is star shaped, glabrous, the outer apex acute, exceed the corolla sinus, center raised. Inner lobe very short, does not reach the center. Apex- apex Apex - center Widest Retinaculum-ret. Ret. - center Anther wing - aw. Aw. - center
0.33 cm. 0.37 cm. 0.17 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.06 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.15 cm.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. This side is channeled and extends almost to the central column. Column is 0.05 cm. tall. Surfaces are longitudinally sulcate.
Side view of the coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe raised outer lobe slightly curved down, glabrous, longitudinally sulcate. Anther wings are deeply scythe shaped.
351
Hoya santiagoi Kloppenburg & Siar
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Lobes are channeled to near the enlarged central column, 0.20 cm long, opening 0.12 cm, all glabrous.
Top view of a flower enlarged about 8X, corolla inside is densely pubescent. Coronal lobes reach the corolla sinuses are keeled on dorsal and touch in the center. I made a notation that there are long anther sticking out the center. Outer apices appear emarginate.
Top view of a corona enlarged about 20X. Anthers here are visible. It appears the inner lobes are spatulate. Apex – apex Widest width w/side lobes Aw. – aw.
352
0.45 cm 0.10 cm 0.19 cm 0.23 cm
Hoya savaiiensis Kloppenburg 2011
Inside view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Surface of the corolla is pubescent, lobes very wide above the sinus. Coronal lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses, inner lobes knife like clear to the center but anthers rise over the inner lobes. Dorsal is concave with a umbo near the inner apex and surface is longitudinally sulcate, edges sharp, outer lobe is tapered sub acute. Stiff hair cells under corona point centrally. Top view of the corona scales not regular, due to pressing on herbarium sheet, enlarged about 8X. As above center raised a little. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest
0.33 cm. 0.35 cm. 0.15 cm.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X, lobes are channeled to inward a little form the sinuses, sides diagonally sulcate. Central column, thin walled, 0.16 cm. tall.
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe rises overtopped by the anther, back is slightly swayed. Anther wings a little scythe shaped and edges thickened.
353
Hoya scortechinii King & Gamble 1908 Flowers sent via Ted Green, Kaaawa, Hawaii flowered 7/19/94
View of the corona and corolla enlarged about 8X. The coronal scales have extra broad side lobes, which exceed the outer top lobe apex and end in an obtuse end. The inner lobes are raised in the center and almost reach the center, they are elongate dentate. The outer lobes reach the corolla sinuses where the lobes are deeply cut.
Below the underside of the corona is channeled 1/2 way from the sinuses inward to the short column. The surface is diagonally sulcate. The shelves on the sides of the coronal lobes are 0.20 wide.
Top (left) bottom (right) views of the corona enlarged about 8X. Inner lobes dentate raised almost covering the anthers. Dorsal surface swaybacked with the outer lobes raised above the inner. Anther wing to aw. Ret. to ret. Ret. to center Scale thick. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest (top) Widest base
354
0.20 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.06 cm. 0.13 cm. 0.29 cm. 0.31 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.20 cm.
Hoya serpens Hooker f. 1883
Photomicrographs of flowers sent me by Ann Wayman of Central Point, Oregon.
Top view enlarged about 16X showing parts of the corolla and corona. Here the outer coronal lobes do not reach the sinus of the corolla. This inner surface of the corolla is heavily matted with hairs, the outer surface is glabrous. The outer coronal lobe is tapered, rounder, the inner lobe is very short dentate and does not reach the center so the anthers are well exposed.
355
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The unusual thing here is the only partial curling of the coronal lobes to form a short groove on this underside leaving ½ of this side not covered. The central portion of the corolla under this corona is covered by long stellate hairy cells, visible here from a piece of the adhering corolla.
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Note that the outer apex actually turns down. The inner lobe is short; the anthers with one pollinium attached are visible, not here how far in front of the inner coronal lobe it the anther projects. The center top of the scale is actually concave with a slight umbo, visible in the top view
356
Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The coronal scales are thick and the narrow ledge running from the base along the sides are plainly visible. I would place this species in the Subsection Angusticarinatae. The very short inner dentate lobes are visible and are will short of the center. The dark retinacula are easily seen.
357
Hoya shephardii Short ex Hooker 1861
Photomicrographs of the parts of the flower made Aug. 1988 follows: Bloomed at Fresno, California.
Top view of corona and part of the corolla enlarged about 16X. Note the outer apex of the coronal lobe is rounded and do not nearly reach the corolla sinus. The inner lobes are slightly raised and seem to be intermediate between dentate and spatulate. The corolla outside is glabrous inside densely pubescent with sharp crystalline white cells.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Here there is a lot of the corolla collar adhering to the under side with its stellate hairs showing around the base of the short column. Note that the outer apex is obtuse, the scale is short and broad and the anther wing protrudes from the sinus.
358
Hoya siariae Kloppenburg 2002
Top view of a flower enlarged about 8X. The corolla lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. The corolla outside is glabrous, inside campanulate and pubescent. The lobes of the corolla are broad above the sinuses and the apex turns outward (slightly reflexed).
Corona top view enlarged about 8X. The inner lobes are narrow and short blunt, outer lobes are narrowly long tapered, raised but turned down at the apical area. Apex - apex 0.25 cm. Apex - center 0.30 cm. Widest 0.09 cm. (very narrow). Anther wing - aw. 0.14 cm. and project outward. Retinaculum - ret. 0.06 cm. Anther wing - center 0.14 cm.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The lobes are grooved but open widely inwardly. The column is long 0.10 cm. tall, somewhat thickened.
359
Hoya sigilatis Green 2004 Side view of the flower enlarged about 8X. The crown sits up off the revolute corolla a little. The anther wings are relatively long and the sides are thickened and form a continuum with the lower anther edges. Crown center is a little raised and glabrous throughout.
A top view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Coronal lobes are relatively long and narrow, with well developed side lobes (bilobed). Inner lobes are rounded but do not reach the center; outer lobe ends abruptly between the bilobes.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. As in Hoya littoralis Schlechter the channel on the lower lobes extends nearly to the thickened center and also the thickened and rolled material between the lobes is similar. The lobes are finely sulcate but not the rolled material in between.
Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. All surfaces are glabrous. apex - apex apex - end apex - center widest (dorsal) ret. - ret ret. - center aw. - aw. aw. - center
360
0.30 cm. 0.34 cm. 0.34 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.17 cm.
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 32X. Anther exceeds the inner lobe which is rounded. Dorsal is slightly cupped with an elongated umbo in central portion. Outer apex turns down between the two side lobes that begin well below the inner lobe and extend beyond the outer apex and meet and curl up slightly at the end. Scale and lobes are finely sulcate longitudinally. Anther wing is not deeply curved.
The central white column with a domed top is the raised central stylar crown (not the stigma). In Hoya littoralis this is a conic structure. Here it is more ornate, almost capitate and glistening crystalline white. The yellow is a pollinium and to the right an intact scale.
361
Hoya sipitangensis Kloppenburg & Wiberg 2002
Side view of the flower enlarged about 8X. The crown sits well up off the corolla.
Top view of the corona on the corolla enlarged about 8X. The coronal outer apices reach the corolla sinuses. The inner lobes do not reach the center and are spatulate. Scales are rather thin and somewhat translucent outer apex in narrowly rounded. Scales cupped on dorsal surface with keel down the center. Apex –apex 0.23 cm. Apex – center 0.26 cm. Widest 0.11 cm.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Note: the scales are not channeled below. this is a Section Otostemma species the skirt is slit at the pentagonal corners. The column is long 0.09 cm. and the opening large 0.11 cm. Most parts are thin and translucent when observed after fluid preservation.
362
Hoya skinnerae Kloppenburg & Siar 2011 I believe this plant may have come from San Luis Gardens (Rudy Bachmann’s) although possibly not. The species is similar to a Hoya carnosa with similar but somewhat larger foliage and larger flowers.
Corona bottom view enlarged about 8X. This side is channeled with distinctive sides which are finely sulcate. Central column is prominent and thickened.
Upper surface of the corona and corolla at the sinus area enlarged about 8X. The inner lobes are dentate and do not reach the center where the anthers are exposed. Dorsal surface of the corona is humped except for just back of the inner lobe. There are side shelves starting near the anther wings and extending to apex. The outer lobe is narrowly rounded and does not quite reach the corolla sinus. The apical tip turns down. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Anther wing – aw. Aw. – retinaculum Ret. – center Ret. – ret.
363
0.55 cm. 0.62 cm. 0.27 cm. 0.33 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.13 cm.
Stylar crown enlarged about 22X. the anthers are pealed back on the upper side and below and to the left the inner apices of the coronal scales are visible. This is a ornate central column sort of gelatinous enlargement but not a definite capitate structure and in Hoya darwinii Loher.
364
Hoya smithii Kloppenburg 2009
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Underside is channeled nearly to the large thickened central column. There are narrow side lobes which end in a short bilobed at the outer apex.
Corona top view enlarged about 8X. The inner lobes are short appear to be spatulate; meeting in the center, outward broadened and then tapering a long way to the outer apex that is narrowly rounded and exceeded slightly by the two narrow side lobes. See how these lobes turn out on drying on the left coronal lobe. The anther wings are doubled and very broad, overlapped by coronal scale edge. Apex – apex 0.45 cm. Widest 0.15 cm.
365
Hoya solaniflora Schlechter 1913
From the Type #18214 Hoya solaniflora Schlechter (UC): Type 1200m forest of Finesterreich. (Window Mountains).
Side view of the corona, as removed from the corolla collar in the center, here domed and slightly thickened enlarged about 8X. The corona lobes are somewhat flat but slope upward slightly toward the inner and outer apices. The corona is small, 0.6 cm. in diameter.
Top view of the corona and inside of the corolla enlarged about 8X. The small corona does not have lobes that reach the corolla sinuses. Inner lobes are short, do not reach the center and appear to be dentate. Outer lobes are rounded, obtuse. Lobes 0.25 cm. long about 1/2 as wide.
Bottom view of the corona with one scale removed and shown in side view enlarged about 8X. The scale bottoms are channeled all the way to the central column, which is moderately long. See how short the inner lobe is, how relatively thick it is. Scale is essentially horizontal.
366
Hoya soligamiana Kloppenburg, Siar & Cajano 2009
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X, lobes are full and channeled but not to the central column that is 0.05 cm. tall, sides are diagonally finely sulcate, lobe apex is blunt, all surfaces are glabrous and waxy.
Top view of the flower, coronal lobes reach the corolla sinuses. inner lobes are dentate and nearly touch in the center. Surfaces are waxy glabrous, dorsal surface is horizontal, slightly concave with a medial low ridge from inner lobe to apex. Retinacula in some flowers hidden by the lobes above, Anther wing is thick and squared off at the apex.
Corona top view. Apex – apex Widest Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center
0.40 cm. 0.19 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.17 cm.
Side view of a coronal scale, There is a rounded shelf along the lower surface that extends to the outer apex. When this type pf scale dries a little the apex splits and Blume referred to this as a emarginate apex. The anther wings are deeply scythe shaped.
367
Hoya spartioides (Kuntz) Kloppenburg 2001
Inside view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Corona outer lobes do not reach the corolla sinuses. Corolla is somewhat cupped. Inner lobes reach the center.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Edges are turned under and are channeled almost to the thick central column.
Top view of the corona enlarged 8X. The corona is flat on top, inner lobe reach the center. There are two ridges down the top, flanking a wide central low keel. Inner lobe is spatulate, outer lobe apex narrowing to a sub-acute angle and is emarginate. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest Column Ret.- ret. Aw.- aw. Ret head - aw. Ret. head - center
368
0.29 cm. 0.29 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.09 cm.
Hoya stoneana Kloppenburg & Siar 2006 Plant from Margie Stone, OR, blooming in Fresno CA 5/14/2006, only two flowers from Peduncle with more buds arising in center of rachis. Pedicels sticking straight out.
Top view of flower center with corona enlarged about 16X. Inner corolla surface is less pubescent in from the lobe edges and under the corona where the hair cells are more matted, less rigid and not nearly as dense. Corona is white with yellow anther wings and rusty colored retinacula.
Bottom view of the corona, center is thickened and outer parts of lobes are channeled only for a short distance all surfaces of lobes are plump and glabrous, smoothly rounded, edged finely and diagonally sulcate. Outer lobe ends are obtuse and to some extent emarginate due to narrow side lobes.
Coronal center greatly enlarged, inner lobes long and spatulate, do not reach the center where the anthers are exposed, membranous with acute apices. Cupped in from center with sides extending up from there in all directions, outer apex broadly rounded.. Anther wings narrow sharp and apex extended a little and acute. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center
369
0.40 cm. 0.45 cm. 0.28 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.33 cm. 0.30 cm.
Hoya subquintuplinervis Miquel 1856
Bottom View of Corona approx. 16X. The lobes on the curved under sides are finely sulcate. The anther wings are prominent as is the central collar.
Top view of corona approx. 16X. The inner lobes are small and do not reach the center. The scales are cupped slightly above, pointed on outer apex.
370
Side view of individual corona scale enlarged Approx. 16X. The Anther extends considerably beyond the inner angle (apex) that is dentate, the scale is slightly cupped above Possibly not to the extent as depicted here, with the outer apex pointed.
Corona: Umbo in center toward the inner lobe (which is dentate) on the top side of scale with a linear crest outward. Outer lobe exceeds sinus of Corolla, and is raised slightly above elevation of inner lobe. Cream- white with rose at center, Anther wings yellowish, scales finely sulcate below. Apex t - apex Apex - center Widest Anther wing - Aw.
0.36 cm. 0.42 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.26 cm.
Stylar head: Simple with granulose tip.
Plant collected by Kim F. Yap, Singapore in Cambodia. Flowered in Singapore spring 2003, photos sent via E-mail.
Side view of the corona. Outer lobes are somewhat raised, outer apex subacute rounded. Corona is glabrous, waxy appearing, on a short column. Inner lobes are long dentate.
371
Top view of the corona in the corolla. The outer apex reaches the corolla sinus. Inner lobes do not reach the center, Anther wings are a little extended and prominent. Apex – apex Apex – center Retinaculum – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center
0.33 cm. 0.34 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.20 cm.
The dorsal scale surface is cupped, edges raised, with an oval umbo in the center, inner lobes are long and narrow, keeled dentate. Ventral is tightly grooved and sides are diagonally sulcate.
Bottom view of the corona showing the tight groove and the extended anther wings. In the center there is a short column.
Side view of a scale greatly enlarged to show the detail. Note the blunt end of the apex, a result of lower lobes not reaching the outer apex. The scale is 0.33 cm. long on relatively shallow in depth. The anther here is bent down (not its natural configuration). The scale actually is raised on the outer apex above the inner.
372
Hoya surigaoensis Kloppenburg Siar & Nyhuus 2010
Side view of the flower, taken with a digital camera enlarged about 16X. Corolla reflexed, corona upright, outer lobe apex above the inner apex. Apex of outer lobe turned under slightly.
Top view of the flower enlarged about 16X. Inner lobes nearly touch in the center and are rounded dentate, dorsal surface of lobes are concave with a low central ridge, widest 1/3 out from inner lobe. Apex – apex Widest Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center
0.25 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.15 cm.
Corona bottom view enlarged about 32X. Coronal edges curve under to form a short raised channel from the scale apex to just in from the sinuses. The large central area has a short thickened column, 0.05 cm. tall. Sides are diagonally finely sulcate, anther wings are doubled (the sides are thickened with a dent in each side of the outer apex). All surfaces are glabrous.
373
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 64X. Outer apex raised, apex turned down slightly, scales plump and channeled below. Anther wings scythe shaped sides much thickened. Inner apex slightly raised, all surfaces glabrous.
374
Hoya tamaleaaenus Kloppenburg 2008
Inside view of the flower enlarged about 8X. Coronal lobes just reach the corolla sinuses. Coronal scales with long raised inner dentate lobe that reach the center; dorsal concave with long central raised ridge, edges sharp, outer lobe obtuse, surface longitudinally sulcate. Corolla villous or deeply pubescent. Glabrous under the corona.
Bottom view of the coronal scales enlarged about 8X. Channeled with edges overlapping, longitudinally sulcate. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest
0.35 cm. 0.35 cm. 0.16 cm.
Side view of the coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Long dentate inner lobe is raised over the anther. Anther wings are narrowly scythe shaped; there is a shelf from there to the outer apex making the apex emarginate.
375
Hoya tannaensis T. Green & D. Kloppenburg 2011
Bottom view of the corona enlarged ca. 8X. The lobes are channeled to near the central column. The sides are overlapping is some cases sides are diagonally sulcate and the apex of the lobe is emarginate and turned under slightly, Column is 0.03 cm. tall, thickened a little 0.17 cm. x 0.12 cm. opening.
Top view of the corona enlarged ca. 10X. Inner lobes do not reach the center are tapered round to sub spatulate and raised, dorsal in culled with a deep indent forward, ovate in shape, outer lobe is obtuse and also raised. Retinaculum and anther wings are plainly visible. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center
0.32 cm. 0.37 cm. 0.22 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.22 cm.
In the center is the apex of the style it is gnarled, dome like, damp, glabrous. Enlarged as above.
Skewed side view of a coronal lobe, inner and outer lobes both raised, glabrous. Anthers exposed in the center (right) Anther wing is fairly deeply scythe shaped, scale is relatively thick vertically. Enlarged ca. 16X.
376
Hoya tauensis Kloppenburg 2010
Corolla inside view enlarged about 8X with corona attached. Corolla inside is pubescent. Coronal apexes exceed the corolla sinuses, is basically diamond shaped, inner lobes are short and do not reach the center, outer apex acute, dorsal edges sharp, centrally somewhat concave with a linear ridge. Widest a little inward from the middle.
Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Surface is glabrous. Dorsal longitudinally sulcate. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Anther wing - aw Retinaculum - ret. Ret. - center Aw. - Center
0.35 cm. 0.40 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.16 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.16 cm.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Channeled down the center, Lobes are widest inward from the center.
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X. Picture not clearly focused but anther wing is deeply curved, anther exceeds the inner lobe, scale depth is thin, possibly from drying.
Top view of corona enlarged about 8X. One scale removed to show the stylar crown in the center. It is a simple raised column with a little fuzziness to the apical apex. (it is the light yellow spot in the center).
377
Hoya taytayensis Kloppenburg & Siar
View of the flower enlarged about 8X. Corolla outside glabrous, inside pubescent. Apex inside glabrous. Sinus – sinus Sinus – center Sinus – apex Apex – center Widest
0.50 cm. 0.35 cm. 0.39 cm. 0.60 cm. 0.45 cm.
Corona: saddle shaped, outer apex obtuse, inner lobe raised with ends turned in on drying and do not reach the center. Dorsal with central ridge and sunken in central portion. Channeled below Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret – ret. Aw. – aw.
0.18 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.16 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.15 cm.
378
Hoya telosmoides Olamer 1996 Side view of the corona enlarged about 8x. Inner lobes are short spatulate, raised upright, dorsal surface rounded, glabrous, waxy, outer lobe obtuse, end turned down slightly. Anthers very long membranous. Retinacula above inner lobes.
View of corona between scales enlarged about 8x. Anther wings are long. Inner lobe sharply bent upward from rounded scale dorsal surface. Apex – apex Apex – center Ret. – ret. Ret – center Aw. – aw. Aw - center
0.18 cm. 0.18 cm. 0.11 cm. 0. 18 cm. 0.22 cm. 0.36 cm.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Lobes are channeled below to below the sinus area, a;; areas swollen, and rounded, surfaces glabrous and waxy. There is a short central column. Outer apical area turned up and exposing the channel part way.
379
Bottom view of the coronal area between two scales enlarged about 8X. The area from the channel to the column is covered with stellate hair cells.
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 8X. Two anthers attached. Inner lobe upright, short and thickly spatulate, outer lobe short and obtuse, all surfaces rounded and plump. Anther wing along lower surface with narrow sides. Anthers long and membranous.
380
Hoya tomataensis Green and Kloppenburg 2004
Inside view of the flower enlarged as above. This surface of the corolla is finely puberulous. Outer apices of corona reach the corolla sinuses.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The sides of the scale curve under and overlap forming a covered channel just even with the anther wings at the sinus. The sides are diagonally finely sulcate. There is a short thickened column in the center.
Top view of the corona enlarged as above. Inner lobes are dentate and do not reach the center, dorsal is slightly concave with small linear umbo, sulcate with sharp edges, outer apex acute. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest on top Ret - ret. Ret. - center Aw. - aw. Aw- center
381
0.22 cm. 0.27 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.06 cm. 0.15 cm. 0.12 cm.
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. The anther is missing here and the raised inner lobe is not in sharp focus. The anther wings are not deeply curved. The whole structure is glabrous and waxy.
Top view of a single coronal scale enlarged as above The dorsal surface is slightly concave with sharp edges along both sides. Here the anthers are projecting ahead of the inner lobe, anther wing below to the right. Here the inner lobe does not appear ads dentate as it actually is.
382
Hoya tsangii Burton ex Kloppenburg 1992
Bottom view of corona enlarged approx. 16X. Special features to note are the conformation of the lower coronal lobes and how the sides are cupped inward forming a channel in the center of each lobe not extended into the central column area.
Top view of corona above corolla enlarged approximately 16X. Of particular interest here is that the spatulate shaped inner lobes meet in the center and are narrow as the extend outward to the widening body and the rounded apex on which the bilobed sides curve up over the end. This later aspect is more evident from the side view of the scale. Also note that the outer lobes reach or nearly reach the sinus of the corolla.
383
A side view of the coronal lobe enlarged approximately 16X. Note the raised inner lobe of the scale, overtopping the anther and the sides extending along the sides to form the one side of the bilobed extensions which ultimately curl back up over the scales outer apex in a rolled up fashion.
Corona: diameter 0.54 cm. Scales, apex to apex 0.29 cm., depth 0.15 cm. Width including bilobes 0.12 cm.
384
Hoya tutuilaensis Kloppenburg 2009
Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Outer apexes seem to be emarginate. Lower surface channeled. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Anther wing - aw. Retinaculum - ret. Anther wings are very bulbous Aw. - center Ret. - center
385
0.20 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.10 cm. near the inner lobe. 0.15 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.13 cm. 0.05 cm.
Hoya ubudensis Kloppenburg & Yap 2010
Top view of a flower enlarged about 8X. The coronal lobes exceed the corolla sinuses, outer lobe is sharply acute, inner lobe shortly dentate not reaching the center where the anthers are exposed, dorsal slightly concave with a central ridge from apex to apex. Retinacula and anther wings plainly visible. Narrow side lobes extend from below inner apex to the outer apex (emarginate subsection Angusticarinata).
Bottom view of a corona enlarged about 8X. the lobes are channeled to just in from the sinuses, sides are diagonal finely sulcate. Central collar is thickened ca. 0.02 cm. tall. There are narrow side lobes on the scales. All surfaces are glabrous.
Top view of the corona enlarged about 13X. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center
0.48 cm. 0.42 cm. 0.18 cm. dorsal 0.11 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.21 cm. 0.19 cm.
Tilted side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. the central dorsal ridge is visible, short inner dentate lobe, deeply scythe shaped anther wing visible and the lower narrow side shelf extending to the outer apex.
386
Hoya uncinata Teijsmann & Binnendijk1863
Top vied of the corolla and corona enlarged approximately 16X. The scales are very narrow on top, The inner lobe is spatulate and meets in the center, covering the anthers, the outer aped is curled back, inflexed over the end. The corolla inner portion is pubescent but otherwise glabrous with ciliate edge, outside glabrous. Sepals exceed the corolla sinus.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. There is an unusual type of channel on the under side of each scale, best seen here on the darker upper lobe, the edges are wide internally, narrowing drastically toward the apex. This surface is also finely sulcate, There is a prominent thick column and the anther wings here are very prominent. The crone of this flower was the most difficult I have worked with to separate from the corolla.
387
Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Here again the spatulate inner lobes covering the center are evident also the inflexed apex of the outer lobe is visible. The dark retinacula are prominent. The scales have considerable depth but are relatively narrow. Top is saddle backed in shape.
Side view of an individual scale enlarged approx. 16X. Here the outer inflexed apex of the scale is visible, note the scale depth and how the inner spatulate lobe curves up and over the anther which is attached below. Some of the rather massive column and stylar table remains attached.
Corona: outer apex of lobes incurved with acute apex, inner apex spatulate curved over anthers and touching at center. Apex to apex 0.28 cm. Apex to beginning of inner lobe 0.24 cm. Depth of lobes 0.19 cm.
388
Hoya verticillata (Vahl) G. Don 1837
Photo of the dried flower enlarged about 8X. Pedicel: terete, filiform 1.65 cm. long and 0.04 cm. in diameter, glabrous, yellow, curved. Corolla upper surface densely pubescent. Coronal lobes exceed the corolla sinuses. Note the distinct keeled dorsal surface of the coronal scales.
Bottom view of the same flower enlarged about 8X. Calyx is small broadly triangular with a rounded apex and a few cilia. Acute coronal lobes project beyond the coronal sinus. Corolla underside is glabrous but granulose. Note the conduplicate (ears) on the coronal sinus area. Sepals do not reach the corolla sinuses.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. One removed. The lower side is tightly channeled Scale outer apices are long drawn out tapering to a very acute apex. Short column in the center.
Top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. The inner lobes are raised and shortly spatulate and does not quite reach the center. Outer apex acute; dorsal is keeled from apex to apex. Anther wing very narrow. Center – apex 0.30 cm. Apex – apex 0.28 cm. Widest 0.12 cm. Anther wing- aw. 0.11 cm.
389
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. Scale is about horizontal with the inner spatulate lobe raised. I believe this scale has narrow side lobes since the apex seems to be emarginate but it is difficult to determine with certainty.
Stylar crown enlarged about 32X. The crown is raised, narrow and with a small mealy capitate head, from a rather thin pentamerous base.
390
Hoya vitellina Blume 1849
Top view of the corona and corolla enlarged about 8X. The inner lobes rounder tapering to a point, are raised and meat at the center. Outer lobes are obtuse and well short of the sinuses. Anther wings are narrow with a sharp apex.
Another top view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Her it shows that the outer apex is emarginate, dorsal surface has forward umbo with a expander ridge outward. Apex – apex 0.35 cm. Widest 0.20 cm. Ret.- center 0.10 cm. Center – aw. 0.21 cm. Ret.- ret. 0.10 cm. Aw – aw. 0.20 cm. Apex – apex outer tips 0.40 cm.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Channeled and surface longitudinally sulcate becoming lateral near the apex.
Side view of the scale enlarged about 16X. Inner lobe is raised, scale is relatively thick, anther wings are short, outer lobe is obtuse.
391
Hoya vitellinioides Backhuizen f. 1950
Photomicrographs: from flowers taken from the type sheet #4181 at (BO) Bogor Herbarium, Indonesia by Chris Burton and mailed to me in 1990. The sheet at Leiden (L) has not been located but there is this one in Bogor Herbarium. Burton states “the sheet was labeled H. coriacea, except for long acumine leaves look mighty like meredithii” (it only has 6 flowers on the sheet).
Top view of the flower after being prepared with Kew solution, enlarged about 16X. The coronal scales are narrow and ver acute at the outer apex, they reach or exceed the sinus a little. It is difficult to tell about the inner lobes at the center. Since Burton thinks this is synonymous with Hoya meredithii Green keep in mind the details. Here the anther wings do not appear to be enlarged.
392
Top view of the corolla enlarged about 16X. Outer apex very acute from narrow long scales, again difficult to discern the center details. They appear to be keeled their entire dorsal length.
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. Here the anther wings appear larger and rounded as in Hoya meredithii Green but do not appear to be double. The scales on this bottom side are channeled.
393
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16Xit is plain to see that the inner lobe is spatulate and rather short. Remember this flower is from a Herbarium sheet, which flowered in September probably in 1949 but possibly in 1950 when the description was published. You can see that the flower is withered but the Kew solution does a remarkable job of restoring the flowers.
Corona: lobes reach the sinus of the corolla, inner lobe spatulate and does not reach the center. Scales are very narrow and long tapering, keeled the entire length on top and channeled below. Anther wings rather large and outer ends rounded.
394
Hoya vitensis Turill 1915
Corolla inside view enlarged about 8X. Inside velvety pubescent, lobes broad. Coronal inner lobe does not reach the corolla sinus. Sinus – sinus Sinus – apex Apex – center Widest
0.70 cm. 0.62 cm. 1.00 cm. 0.74 cm.
Bottom view of then corona enlarged about 8X. The bottom is channeled well in toward the raised column. Column ).08 cm. tall and thickened. Inner lobe is spatulate, Outer lobe tapering rounded.
Side view of a corona scale enlarged about 8X. Inner lobe raised ad spatulate dorsal curved downward to the outer apex. Anther wing deeply scythe shaped. Anther rises above inner lobe. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. - ret. Ret. - center Aw - aw. Aw. - center scale depth
395
0.35 cm. 0.45 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.05 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.20 cm.
Hoya walliniana Kloppenburg & Nyhuus 2003
Side view of a flower enlarged about 16X. The corona sits on a skirted column, corolla is reflexed to revolute depending on flower stage. (The oval splotches on the corolla lobes are due to liquid on the surface.) Crown is upright. The flower belongs to the Section Otostemma (Blume) Miquel.
Another view of the flower, here the corolla is more revolute. The flaring outer coronal lobes are shown, this dorsal surface is keeled all the way from apex to apex. The inner lobes are spatulate and do not reach the center or cover the anthers.
View of the corona removed from the flower and enlarged about 32X. The center is much raised, scales are keeled almost from apex to apex. Outer lobes are broadly rounded and appear spatulate, thinner around the edges and apex. Inner lobe is also spatulate and does not reach the center. Apex - apex Ret. - ret. Ret.- apex Aw. - aw. Aw. - center
0.20 cm. 0.07 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.14 cm.
396
Bottom view of the corona enlarged as above. Note the bottom of the outer coronal lobes are also keeled but not to the apex, as they are above. The pentagonal skirt is well developed and notched between the area of the scales. There is a separate central thickened column that raises the corona above the corolla surface.
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 32X. The center is raised and this inner lobe is spatulate as is the curved up outer apex. The membranous anther extends slightly higher than the inner lobe (pollinarium still attached). A portion of the pentagonal skirt can be seen below the scale proper as a loop. The scales dorsal keel is easily visible.
397
Hoya wayetii Kloppenburg 1993
Side view of flower showing recurved corolla lobes and the crown structure enlarged about 16X. Note: the unusual shape of the coronal lobes and their structured side lobes meeting at the outer apex. The anther wings are very heavy and thick looking.
Under side of corona. Enlarged about 16X. Note: the column of the corona and the lobe structuring, also how far inn the lower lobes are channeled.
398
Here it is easy to see the long inner spatulate inner lobes of the scales. The bilobes extending along the lower side of the scale ate sulcate, flat on top and curved up to meet at the outer apex. Note that the anthers do not arise above the inner lobes. The corolla is densely pubescent on the upper (inner) surface.
Magnified about 16X.
Corona: lobes 0.38 cm. long + 0.04 cm. with the bilobed extensions. 0.17 cm. at the widest, just outward from the inner lobe. Inner lobe tapers inward but is long and spatulate, meeting at raised center or nearly so. Scale very wide just back of inner lobe, at this point the centrally keel has a small umbo, with a sunken trough on either side leaving the edge of the scale raised. Scale thick c. 0.17 cm. at outer end. Lobes form a groove below extending from apex to 1/2 way to the center. Bilobed extensions 0.15 cm. thick. Color deep red except for apical area of outer lobe yellow.
399
Hoya waymaniae Kloppenburg 1995
Corona bottom view enlarged about 8X. Scales are channeled but edges overlap each other and only extend to the sinuses, side surfaces are sulcate outside. Bilobes are not involved in the rolled edges. The center has a thickened relatively large column, all surfaces are glabrous.
Top surface of the corolla enlarged about 8X. Inner apex is shortly dentate, does not reach the center, which is raised. Bilobes are narrow, well down on the sides of the scales and meet below the outer apex. Dorsal is slightly concave with raised rather sharp edges, outer apex obtuse. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest
0.22 cm. 0.30 cm. 0.18 cm.
End view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Note the skirt formed below the bilobes extends deeply and in this respect is similar to a Hoya Kloppenburgii Green another Sabah, Malaysia species Evolutionarily transitions ?) Top of corona is nearly flat (horizontal), with the anthers sticking way above the center but not nearly to the extent of Hoya imbricata Decaisne. Anthers flare out at the apices. Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Ret. - apex (anther) Aw. – aw Lobe depth
0.10 cm. 0.08 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.18 cm. 0.20 cm.
Top view of the corona with the anthers pealed back to reveal the stylar crown, enlarged about 8X. The crown is dome shaped with pentagonal sides, center slightly mealy. Anthers are very membranous and triangular in shape.
400
Corona: very thick and upright, ovate, outer lobe of segment very broadly rounded to subcordate, inner lobe very short laterally compressed (dentate), narrow bilobed side extensions well down on side of segment meeting below the outer apex with sides forming the coronal lower groove. Anthers membranaceous, triangular long, exposed in the center of the flower, stylar column usually visible in the center. Apex - apex 0.22 cm.; apex - center 0.30 cm.; 0.18 cm. wide near outer apex; thick ca. 0.18 cm.; color clear deep orange. Stylar head broad domed shaped.
401
Hoya weebellla Kloppenburg 2005 This is a Section Acanthostemma species from Northern Thailand near the Burma (Myanmar) border. I have had nice plants of this species twice over the years and have failed to keep it living for long. In 1992 I was sent a cutting by Chanin Thorut, along with flowers. I photographed them in August 1992 (drawing #232).
The bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The picture is not clear but the coronal scales are sticking out and around the column are a lot of stiff hairs.
Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. It has a raised center. The clear yellow anther wings are visible. The bilobed extensions are thin, somewhat translucent and project way beyond the scale apex, they do not cross at the outer apex but have upturned ends. In this character they are like the bilobes found on Hoya rizaliana Kloppenburg. The style head is a knobby structure in the center of the pentagonal table. The anther wings are long and doubled at the outer apex. By doubling I mean that the edges that form the channel are then thickened to form another rounded protrusion toward the outer apex (in top view this is like looking at a rather fat "w", the center part of the w representing the end of the stigmatic channel, into which a pollinia is theoretically placed and can be drawn upward to the stigmatic surface at its terminal end.
402
Hoya whistlerii Kloppenburg 2002
Corolla inside enlarged about 8X, showing the small crown with lobes a long way from reaching the corolla sinuses. Inside surface glabrous around the outer edges but glabrous inwardly and with stellate hairs around the reddish collar area.
Top (left) and bottom (right) view of the corona enlarged about 8X. Dorsal surface cupped, smooth and glabrous, inner lobe short and dentate; not reaching the center. Outer lobes obtuse, anther wings narrow, ventrally grooved by curved under sides of the scales but only to the ends of the anther wings; central column thick (0.20 cm. in diameter) 0.12 cm. tall; red colored. Apex to apex Apex to center Widest Anther wing to aw. Retinaculum to ret. Ret. to center Ret to aw.
0.30 cm. 0.34 cm. 0.20 cm. 0.21 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.09 cm. 0.11 cm.
403
Hoya wibergiae Kloppenburg 2001
Outside of the corolla with the calyx removed enlarged about 16X. Note the outer apex of the corona exceeding the sinus of the corolla. Outer surface of corolla glabrous but finely granulose; inside finely pubescent. Edges of corolla are rolled under to give the rotate corolla a star-like shape, lobes are slightly reflexed so the crown well exposed.
404
Bottom view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The outer apices are acute, here below the scales are channeled well in toward the center where there is a thickened column, There are shelf like projections (bilobed precursors?) along the scale sides that are visible to each side of the projecting anther wings. The sides of the scale, which form the channel are finely sulcate. What is here unusual is how far inward the lower side of the scale proceeds in forming the groove and how the anther wings forming the stigmatic groove extend out from the scale juncture.
Side view of a coronal scale enlarged about 16X. The cycle shaped anther wing here is large, thick (depth) and well developed. The scale lies horizontal, with a short inner lobe and tapering outer lobe. The small umbo is visible just back from the inner lobe. The anther is projected beyond the inner apex.
405
Top view of the corona enlarged about 16X. The shape of the scales are diamonds, the inner lobe is dentate-acute and does not reach the center where the anthers are exposed and slightly crepe-like. The outer apex is very acute, narrow side lobes are present and arise from the lower side of the inner apex and end at the outer apex. I have placed these species in a subsection of the Section Acanthostemma, namely Angusticarinata. The anther wings are well developed actually double sided, here slightly opened due to slight drying. The dark retinacula are visible. The scale dorsal surface has a indistinct umbo and keel in the center.
Corona: sharp (acuta) outer apex, pale yellow, exceeds the corolla sinus by 0.10 cm., inner lobe dentate, short, rusty red tones. Anther wings protrude past scale sinus. Channeled below and sides finely sulcate. Apex - apex Apex - center Widest Anther wing - aw. Aw. - retinaculum Ret. to center Ret. to ret.
0.40 cm. 0.48 cm. 0.32 cm. 0.28 cm. 0.12 cm. 0.10 cm. 0.11 cm.
406
Hoya yapiana Kloppenburg 2010
View of the flower with corona attached enlarged ca. 8X as above pictures are. The corona is reddish in color and the corolla is off white. Crown has center raised with outer lobes long and narrow, with very thin translucent edges. The inner lobe is raised with an acute apex that does not cover the membranous anthers.
Corona: here enlarged ca. 16X. This Otostemma Section species has a very pronounced central column that is 0.07 cm. long with a 0.10 cm. opening, surface is glabrous but finely crystalline. Skirt lobes are rounded with a central groove leading to the anther wing outer apex. Note the thin translucent outer coronal lobe at the left extreme.
Corona dorsal view again enlarged ca. 16X. The inner lobes are thin and acute; not covering nor exceeding the inner anther apices. The scale dorsal is keeled from apex to apex. The keel about mid way has a hump as it extends to the outer apical area. Scale edges are sharp. Apex – apex Apex – center Widest Ret. – ret. Ret. – center Aw. – aw. Aw. – center
407
0.21 cm. 0.23 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.06 cm. 0.06 cm. 0.11 cm. 0.11 cm.
Individual scale side view, note the membranous outer scale lobe. Below left is a section of the skirt typifying the Otostemma Hoya Section species.
Supplemental magnified pictures: Flower center sowing the Inner apex of two lobes, apex is actually blunt and the central keel begins just back from the thin apex. The retinaculum of a pollinarium is visible in the central lower left.
Area between two adjacent coronal outer lobes, In the center is the anther wing not clearly in focus Note the thinness of the outer coronal lobes and the central keel. Below is the rather crystalline pubescent corolla surface. All coronal surfaces are glabrous.
408
