II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2006 BIO-ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. What is refractory period and explain absolute and relative refractory periods.[16]
ld .
2. Give an account of local circuit theory related to nerve impulse and explain saltatory conduction. [16] 3. Explain about the mechanical activity of the heart in detail?
[16]
4. (a) Drawing the Einthoven’s triangle, explain the electrical activity of the heart? [8+8]
or
(b) What do you mean by augmented limb leads?
5. What are the bioelectric sources used in volume conductor fields?
[16]
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6. Mention the applications of analytical instruments in medicine with necessary examples. [16] 7. (a) What do you mean by gradation of muscular activity? Explain.
[8+8]
(b) What is chemical significance of fatigue. Explain. 8. Discuss the different waves and rhythms in Electroencephalogram. Explain. [16]
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1 of 1
Set No. 2
Code No: RR211103
in
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2006 BIO-ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. Describe local excitatory state (LES) and rheobase . Explain the relation between the stimulus strength and duration. [16]
ld .
2. Give an account of local circuit theory related to nerve impulse and explain saltatory conduction. [16] 3. (a) Explain as to how you can relate action potentials to the electrical activity of heart? [8+8]
or
(b) Draw a neat schematic to show the conduction pathway.
[16]
5. What are the bioelectric sources used in volume conductor fields?
[16]
6. In brief, discuss the application of analytical instruments in medicine.
[16]
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4. Explain in brief the significance of Einthoven triangle?
7. How are motor unit potentials generated? Explain.
[16]
8. Explain the 10-20 electrode system used in the measurement of EEG. Plot the different brain waves and give its frequency and amplitude ranges. [16]
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1 of 1
Set No. 3
Code No: RR211103
1. Write short notes on:
[8]
ld .
(a) ion selective electrode and PH glass electrode.
in
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2006 BIO-ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
(b) Donnan equilibrium and transport of ions across membranes.
[8]
[16]
3. Explain how the electrical impulses are generated in the heart?
[16]
4. Define “lead”? Explain the ECG leads with neat circuit diagrams.
[16]
or
2. Describe the physiology of impulse transmission over the synopse.
5. What are the bioelectric sources used in volume conductor fields? 6. (a) Explain the bio-potential electrodes used for surgery?
[16] [8+8]
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(b) Using a circuit diagram, discuss about Electrode-Electrolyte interface. 7. (a) Discuss the velocity of neuromuscular transmission and their changes in normal and abnormal states. [8+8] (b) Explain the chemical significance of fatigue?
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8. What are the alpha and beta rhythms in EEG? Give their normal frequency range. How is EEG used in disorders like Epilepsy for early detection? [16]
1 of 1
Set No. 4
Code No: RR211103
1. Write short notes on:
[8]
ld .
(a) ion selective electrode and PH glass electrode.
in
II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2006 BIO-ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆
(b) Donnan equilibrium and transport of ions across membranes.
[8]
2. What is all or none principle related to nerve impulse . Add Intensity -frequency relationship of impulse. [16]
or
3. Discuss about the role played by valves of heart in mechanical activity of heart in detail. [16] 4. (a) What are ECG complexes. Explain in detail.
[8+8]
(b) Explain Chest leads with a circuit diagram.
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5. What are the bioelectric sources used in volume conductor fields?
[16]
6. What is an electrode potential with reference to bio-potential recording? What are Different types of electrodes used for recording bio-potentials? Write their important Characteristics. [16] 7. (a) Discuss the velocity of neuromuscular transmission and their changes in normal and abnormal states. [8+8] (b) Explain the chemical significance of fatigue?
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8. (a) Explain the placement of electrodes used in the measurement of EEG? [8+8] (b) Specify different EEG rhythms? Define REM.
8. Discuss the different waves and rhythms in Electroencephalogram. ... 8. What are the alpha and beta rhythms in EEG? Give their normal frequency range.
(a) How do you explain tremors in hands ? (b) List out the types of tremors in hands. (c) What mechanical apparatus will suit the worker with tremors ? 7. Design ...
... the velocity of block A after it has moved 2 m. Assume that µ equals to 0.25 between block A and the plane and that the pulley · is weightless and frictionless.
(a) Differentiate fully between welding, brazing and soldering. (b) What is a flux? What is the use of a flux in a brazing process? Explain the various fluxes used ...
(b) An optical fibre has a NA of 0.20 and cladding refractive index of 1.59. De- · termine the refractive index of core and the acceptance angle for the fibre in.
Write how blood PH is maintained. [16]. *****. 1 of 1 ... [6+5+5] · 8. Explain how blood biochemical analysis helps in confirmation of diseases. [16] · *****. 1 of 1.
(c) Toughness and resilience · (d) Endurance limit and fatigue strength · [4x4=16] · 6. Sketch time-strain curve for anelastic behavior and compare it with the time- ...
(b) Radiation carcinogenesis · 6. Discuss the various radiaton protection measures ? [16] · 7. (a) Explain how Nuclear Medicine is useful in the imaging of CNS?
Why does the Law of Diminishing Returns operate? Explain with the help of · assumed data and also represent in a diagram. [4+6+6] · 3. A company reported ...
1. Describe how the nutritive values of food can be sustained by using Biotechnology ... 4. Explain in detail how ultraradiation is used in food preservation? [16].
for the magnetic fields in the different regions of a coaxial cable, having inner .... Draw the directions of electric and magnetic fields in parallel plate and coaxial.
[10] · (b) Write a note on âaskarelsâ. [6]. 8. Give an account of the following properties of lime. [4x4=16]. (a) Slaking. (b) Setting and hardening of lime. 1 of 2.
Give various examples of capital budgeting decisions. Classify ... or other unit of Management among the activities of that unit. Explain. .... 100000 Fixed Assets.
(b) Three Brick wall in English bond. [8+8] · 6. (a) Name the different types of foundations you would recommend under different · situations and soils. Explain ...
lakhs and average variable cost of Rs.10 each . The selling price is to yield 20% · profit on cost. you are required to calculate · (a) P/V ratio. (b) Break even point.
i. crystal structure factor ... (a) Define and explain space lattice, unit cell and crystal. ... (b) What factors control the Quenching characteristics of liquid coolants?
(a) What is meant by page pinning in the buffer pool. Who is responsible for .... (b) Discuss the techniques for allocating file blocks on disk. [8+8] · 4. Consider the ...
Discuss the synthesis of r RNA in eukaryotes. Explain using TF ... DNA is made with both single (SS) and double strands (DS) of bases. Which · procedure will ...
Code No: RR310402. Set No. 1 ... it in the long distance transmission of radio signals in the HF band. 1 of 2 ... iii. Beam area, beam efficiency and resolution.
PLANT BIO-TECHNOLOGY ... 1. Discuss the importance of Plant tissue culture in India? [16] ... 7. What is meant by disease resistance and Susceptibility? [8+8].
(a) What are the factors that lead to fading and attenuation in ionospheric prop- agation. (b) What is the wave tilt and how does it effect the field strength received ...
3. (a) How do you detect whether an organic reaction is going by free-radical mech- · anism or not ? (b) Describe the chlorination of ethane in the presence of ...
