APPENDIX
Appendix The Food Guide Pyramid Do you know which foods you need to eat to stay healthy? How much of each food do you need to eat? The Food Guide Pyramid is a tool you can use to make sure you’re eating healthfully. Each of the major food groups has its own block on the pyramid. The larger the block, the more you need to eat from that food group. The smaller the block, the less you need to eat from that food group. Use the Food Guide Pyramid as a guide for choosing a healthy diet!
Fats, oils, and sweets Use sparingly Meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts 2 to 3 servings
Milk, yogurt, and cheese 2 to 3 servings
• 2 to 3 oz of cooked poultry,
• 1 cup of milk or yogurt • 1 1/2 oz of natural cheese • 2 oz of processed cheese
fish, or lean meat
• 1/2 cup of cooked dry beans • 1 egg
Vegetables 3 to 5 servings
Fruits 2 to 4 servings
• 1/2 cup of chopped
• 1 medium apple, banana, or orange
vegetables • 1 cup of raw, leafy vegetables • 3/4 cup of vegetable juice
• 1/2 cup of chopped, cooked, or canned fruit • 3/4 cup of fruit juice
Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta 6 to 11 servings
• • • •
554
1 slice of bread 1 oz of ready-to-eat cereal 1/2 cup of rice or pasta 1/2 cup of cooked cereal
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Alternative Food Guide Pyramids The Vegetarian Food Guide Pyramid
Milk, yogurt, and cheese 0 to 3 servings daily
APPENDIX
Fats, oils, and sweets Use sparingly Dry beans, nuts, seeds, eggs, and meat substitutes 2 to 3 servings daily
Vegetables 3 to 5 servings daily
Fruits 2 to 4 servings daily
Bread, cereal, rice, and pasta 6 to 11 servings daily
The Mediterranean Food Guide Pyramid Red meat Monthly Sweets Weekly Eggs Weekly Poultry Weekly Fish Weekly Cheese and yogurt Daily Olive oil Daily Fruits and vegetables Daily Beans, other legumes, and nuts Daily Pasta, rice, couscous, polenta, bulgur, other grains, and potatoes Daily
The Asian Food Guide Pyramid Meat Monthly Sweets Weekly Eggs and poultry Weekly Fish and shellfish, or dairy Daily (optional) Vegetable oils Daily Fruits Daily
Vegetables Daily Legumes, nuts, and seeds Daily Rice, noodles, breads, corn, and other grains Daily Appendix
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
555
TABLE 1 Calorie and Nutrient Content of Common Foods Calories (kcal)
Total fat (g)
Saturated fat (g)
Total carbohydrate (g)
Protein (g)
1 bagel 1 biscuit 1 slice 1 slice 1 matzo 1 pita 1/2 cup 1/2 cup
314 101 76 86 111 165 110 133
1.8 5.0 1.0 1.0 0.2 1.0 1.0 0.0
0.3 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1
51 13 14 16 22 33 23 29
10.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 5.0 2.0 2.0
1 tortilla, 6 in. 1 tortilla, 8 in.
58 104
0.7 2.3
0.1 0.6
12 18
2.0 3.0
Vegetables broccoli, cooked carrots, raw celery, raw corn, cooked cucumber, raw with peel green beans, cooked onions, raw, sliced potatoes, baked with skin salad, mixed green, no dressing spinach, fresh
1 cup 1 baby carrot 4 small stalks 1 ear 1/8 cup
27 4 10 83 25
0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5 1 2 19 6
3.0 0.0 0.5 2.6 0.6
1 cup 1/4 cup 1/2 cup
44 11 66
0.4 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
10 3 15
2.4 0.3 1.0 1.4
1 cup
10
1.0
0.0
2
1 cup
7
0.1
0.0
1
0.0 0.9
Fruits
1 medium apple 1 medium banana 1 cup, with pits 1/2 cup 1 large orange 1 medium peach 1 medium pear 1 cup 1 cup 1 cup 1/2 cup
81 114
0.1 1.0
0.1 0.2
21 27
0.2 1.0
84 62 85 37 123 495 46 31 26
0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
19 16 21 9 32 131 11 7 6
1.4 0.6 1.7 1.0 0.8 5.3 0.9 1.3 0.0
3 pieces 1/2 cup 1/2 cup 1 split breast
109 114 127 364
9.0 0.0 1.0 18.5
3.3 0.1 0.1 4.9
0 20 23 13
6.0 7.6 8.0 34.8
1 split breast
142
3.0
0.9
73
27.0
1 link 1 large egg 1/4 cup
273 78 106
23.0 5.3 5.2
8.6 1.0 0.0
1 0 13
14.5 6.0 3.0
APPENDIX
Food group Bread, cereal, rice and pasta
Food
Serving size
bagel, plain biscuit bread, white bread, whole wheat matzo pita bread, wheat rice, brown rice, white and enriched tortilla, corn and plain tortilla, flour
apple, raw, with skin banana, fresh cherries, sweet, fresh grapes orange, fresh peach, fresh pear, fresh raisins, seedless, dry strawberries, fresh tomatoes, raw watermelon
Meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts
556
bacon beans, black, cooked beans, refried, canned chicken breast, fried meat and skin chicken breast, skinless, grilled chorizo egg, boiled humus
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
TABLE 1 Calorie and Nutrient Content of Common Foods (continued) Food group
(continued)
Milk, yogurt, and cheese
Fats, oils, and sweets
Total carbohydrate (g)
Protein (g)
16.0 24.0 6.5 3.5
3.0 9.7 2.3 0.6
7 0 0 3
8.0 19.7 28.1 6.4
344 208 97 109 145
14.0 19.0 5.6 2.5 4.2
5.2 2.0 0.8 0.7 1.4
0 5 4 0 0
52.0 7.0 10.1 20.1 24.9
1 slice
70
5.0
2.0
2
4.0
1 oz 1/2 cup
114 102
9.0 1.4
6.0 0.9
0 4
7.1 7.0
1 Tbsp 1 cup
51 179
5.0 5.0
3.2 3.1
0 26
1.1 8.0
1 cup 1 cup 1 cup 1 cup 1 cup
102 122 91 149 231
3.0 5.0 0.0 8.0 3.0
1.6 2.9 0.0 5.1 2.0
12 12 12 11 47
8.0 8.1 8.0 8.0 12.0
1 square 1 tsp 1.3 oz 12 oz 1 piece 1 cookie 1 cookie 1/2 cup
227 36 226 184 660 59 113 80
10.0 3.7 14.0 0.0 46.0 2.5 3.0 0.0
2.0 2.4 8.1 0.0 28.0 0.8 0.8 0.0
30 0 26 38 52 8 20 19
1.5 0.0 3.0 0.0 11.0 0.6 1.0 2.0
1 cone
178
8.0
4.9
22
3.0
1 tsp 1 Tbsp 1 piece
34 57 411
3.8 4.9 18.0
0.7 0.7 4.0
0 4 58
0.0 0.1 3.7
1/3 bag
170
12.0
2.5
26
2.0
1 oz 10 twists 1 oz
150 229 140
10.0 2.1 7.3
3.0 0.5 1.4
10 48 18
1.0 5.5 2.0
Serving size
peanut butter pork chop roast beef shrimp, breaded and fried steak, beef, broiled sunflower seeds tofu tuna, canned in water turkey, roasted
2 Tbsp 3 oz 3 oz 4 large shrimp
190 300 179 73
6 oz 1/4 cup 1/2 cup 3 oz 3 oz
cheese, American, prepackaged cheese, cheddar cheese, cottage, lowfat cheese, cream milk, chocolate, reduced fat (2%) milk, lowfat (1%) milk, reduced fat (2%) milk, skim, fat free milk, whole yogurt, lowfat, fruit flavored brownie butter candy, chocolate bar soda, no ice cheesecake cookies, chocolate chip cookies, oatmeal gelatin dessert, flavored ice-cream cone, one scoop regular ice cream margarine, stick mayonnaise, regular pie, apple, double crust popcorn, microwave, with butter potato chips pretzels tortilla chips, plain
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
APPENDIX
Meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts
Total fat (g)
Saturated fat (g)
Calories (kcal)
Food
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Food Safety Tips
APPENDIX
Few things taste better than a hot, home-cooked meal. It looks good and it smells good, but how do you know if it is safe to eat? Food doesn’t have to look or smell bad to make you ill. To protect yourself from food-related illnesses, follow the food safety tips listed below.
Tips for Preparing Food • Wash your hands with hot, soapy water before, during, and after you prepare food. • Do not defrost food at room temperature. Always defrost food in the refrigerator or in the microwave. • Always use a clean cutting board. If possible, use two cutting boards when preparing food. Use one cutting board for fruits and vegetables and the other cutting board for raw meat, poultry, and seafood. • Wash cutting boards and other utensils with soap and hot water, especially those that come in contact with raw meat, poultry, and seafood. • Keep raw meat, poultry, seafood, and their juices away from other foods. • Marinate food in the refrigerator. Do not use leftover marinade sauce on cooked foods unless it has been boiled.
Tips for Cooking Food • Use a food thermometer when cooking to ensure that food is cooked to a proper temperature. • Red meats should be cooked to a temperature of 160°F. • Poultry should be cooked to a temperature of 180°F. • When cooked completely, fish flakes easily with a fork. • Eggs should be cooked until the yolk and the white are firm.
Tips for Cleaning the Kitchen • Wash all dishes, utensils, cutting boards, and pots and pans with hot, soapy water. • Clean countertops with a disinfectant, such as a household cleaner that contains bleach. Wipe the countertop with paper towels, which can be thrown away. If you use a cloth towel, put it in the wash after using it. • Refrigerate or freeze leftovers within 2 hours of cooking. Leftovers should be stored in small, shallow containers. 558
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
BMI What Is BMI?
APPENDIX
The body mass index (BMI) is a calculation that you can use to determine your healthy weight range. It is a mathematical formula that uses height and weight to evaluate body composition. A high BMI indicates that the person being evaluated may be overweight or obese.
How Do You Calculate BMI? BMI can be calculated by using the following formula: BMI weight in pounds 704.3 height in inches2 For example, a 14-year-old girl who is 4 feet 8 inches tall and weighs 98 pounds would calculate her BMI as follows: BMI 98 704.3 562 22.0
Is BMI Accurate? While BMI works well for many people, it is not perfect. The following are some of the limitations of BMI: • BMI does not account for frame size. So, someone who is stocky may be considered overweight based on BMI even when that person has a healthy amount of body fat. • Despite being very fit, athletic people who have low body fat and a lot of muscle may be considered overweight by the BMI. Muscle weighs more than fat which results in a higher BMI measurement. • Most BMI tables are inaccurate for children and teens because they are based on adult heights. However, some tables have been adjusted to be more accurate for children and teens.
TABLE 2 Healthy BMI Ranges for Ages 10 to 17 Age
Boys
Girls
10
15.3–21.0
16.2–23.0
11
15.8–21.0
16.9–24.0
12
16.0–22.0
16.9–24.5
13
16.6–23.0
17.5–24.5
14
17.5–24.5
17.5–25.0
15
18.1–25.0
17.5–25.0
16
18.5–26.5
17.5–25.0
17
18.8–27.0
17.5–26.0 Source: FITNESSGRAM.
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
559
The Physical Activity Pyramid
▼
APPENDIX
How often do you exercise during the week? Do you think you get enough exercise to stay fit? Take a look at the Physical Activity Pyramid to find out if you’re exercising enough to stay fit!
Watching television Playing video games Sitting for more than 30 minutes at a time
▼
▼
Rarely
2 to 3 times a week
Recreational sports Basketball Tennis Hiking Soccer
▼
Aerobic exercise Swimming Bicycling Brisk walking Running
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
3 to 5 times a week
Stretch and Strengthen Curl-ups and push-ups Weight training
▼
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
Leisure activities Golf Bowling Softball Yardwork
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Walk the dog Take the stairs
▼
▼ ▼
Every day Walk instead of riding in a vehicle
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Emergency Kit
APPENDIX
A disaster can happen anytime and anywhere. During a disaster, people lose power, gas, and water. Sometimes, people are not able to get help for a few days. You can prepare for disasters by making an emergency kit. There are six basic things you should keep stocked in your emergency kit.
1. Water Store water in plastic containers. You’ll need water for drinking, food preparation, and cleaning. Store a gallon of water per person per day. Have at least three days’ worth of water in your kit. 2. Food Store at least three days’ worth of nonperishable food. These foods include canned foods, freeze-dried foods, canned juices, and highenergy foods, such as nutrition bars. You should also keep vitamins in your emergency kit. 3. First-Aid Kit Someone may get hurt, so you’ll want to have plenty of first-aid supplies. Include the following supplies in your first-aid kit: • self-adhesive bandages • gauze pads • rolled gauze • adhesive tape • antibacterial ointment and cleansers • thermometer • scissors, tweezers, and razor blades • sterile gloves and breathing mask • over-the-counter medicines
4. Clothing and Bedding An emergency kit should include at least one complete change of clothing and shoes per person. You should also store blankets or sleeping bags, rain gear, and thermal underwear. 5. Tools and Supplies Always keep your emergency kit stocked with a flashlight, battery-operated radio, and extra batteries. Also, include a can opener, cooking supplies, candles, waterproof matches, fire extinguisher, tape, and hardware tools. You should also store emergency signal supplies, such as signal flares, whistles, and signal mirrors. 6. Special Items Be sure to remember family members who have special needs. For example, store formula, baby food, and diapers for infants. For adults, you might keep contact lens supplies, special medications, and extra eyeglasses in your emergency kit. Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
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Natural Disasters
APPENDIX
The sky is rumbling! The ground is shaking! Knowing what to do during storms and earthquakes can keep you safe. Prepare an emergency kit and put it where you will likely go during a natural disaster. Also, remember the following about natural disasters: • Thunderstorms Lightning is one of the most dangerous parts of a thunderstorm. Lightning is attracted to tall objects. If you are outside, stay away from trees. Lightning may strike the tree you are hiding under and knock it down. If you are in an open field, lie down. Otherwise, you will be the tallest object in the area! You should also stay away from bodies of water. Water conducts electricity. So, if lightning hits water while you are in it, you could be hurt. • Tornadoes If there is a tornado warning for your area, find shelter. The best place to go is a basement or cellar. If you don’t have a basement or cellar, go to a windowless room in the center of the building, such as a bathroom or closet. If you are caught outside, try to find shelter indoors. Otherwise, lie down in a large, open field or a deep ditch. • Hurricanes If there is a hurricane, the weather service will give a warning. Some hurricanes can last a few days. Sometimes, people living on the shore are asked to move inland to wait out the storm. • Floods The best thing to do during a flood is to find a high place and wait out the flood. Stay out of floodwaters. Even shallow water can be dangerous if it is fast-moving. Some floodwater moves so quickly that it can pick up cars. • Earthquakes If you are inside when an earthquake happens, the best thing to do is to kneel or lie face down under a heavy table or desk. Stay away from windows, and cover your head. If you are outside, find an open area. Avoid buildings, power lines, and trees. Lie down, and cover your head. If you are in a car, have the driver stop the car in an open area. Stay inside the car until the earthquake is over.
562
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Staying Home Alone It is not unusual for teens to spend time home alone after school. Their parents may still be at work. Or they may be running errands. If you spend time at home alone, remember the following safety tips:
APPENDIX
• Lock the doors and make sure your windows are locked. • Never let anyone who calls or comes to your door know that you are home alone. • Don’t open the door for anyone you don’t know or for anyone that isn’t supposed to be at your home. If the visitor is delivering a package, ask him or her to leave it at the door. If the visitor wants to use the phone, send him or her to a phone booth. If the visitor is selling something, you can tell him or her through the door, “We’re not interested.” • If a visitor doesn’t leave or you see someone hanging around your home, call a trusted neighbor or the police for help. • If you answer the phone, don’t tell the caller anything personal. Offer to take a message without revealing you’re alone. If the call becomes uncomfortable or mean, hang up the phone and tell your parents about it when they get home. You can also avoid answering the phone altogether when you’re alone. Then, the caller can leave a message on the answering machine. • Keep an emergency phone number list next to every phone in your home. If there is an emergency, call 911. Don’t panic. Follow the operator’s instructions. If the emergency is a fire, immediately leave the building and go to a trusted neighbor’s home to call for help. • Find an interesting way to spend your time. Time passes more quickly when you’re not bored. Get a head start on your homework, read a book or magazine, clean your room, or work on a hobby. Avoid watching television unless your parents have given you permission to watch a specific program. • Consider having a friend stay with you. But do so only if your parents have given you permission to have your friend over. That way, you won’t be alone and you will have someone to pass the time with you. • Remember your safety behaviors. By practicing them, you can make sure you stay safe.
act. Think before you Pay attention . Know your limits.
ent. Use safety equipm ior. Change risky behav tions. Change risky situa
kills. Practice refusal s
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
563
Computer Posture
APPENDIX
You know that computers can be both fun and helpful. You can play games on a computer, research and write a paper, and e-mail your friends. But sitting in front of a computer for hours at a time can also strain your eyes, neck, wrists, spine, and hands. So, it is important to practice good posture when using a computer. To help prevent injuries related to using a computer, follow the tips listed below.
Tips for Good Computer Posture • Make sure your entire body faces the computer screen and keyboard. • Position the computer screen so that you have to look slightly down to see it. The screen should be 18 to 24 inches from your eyes. • Keep your feet flat on the floor. • Make sure your thighs are parallel to the floor. You may have to adjust your chair height. • Keep your shoulders and neck relaxed. • Keep your back straight, and make sure you have good lower back support. • Keep your wrists straight while you are typing. Do not flex your wrists up or down. • Your arms should be bent at a 90º angle.
▼
• Take breaks every 30 minutes to an hour. Stretch, and walk around.
Entire body faces the computer
▼
screen and keyboard Computer screen is slightly
564
▼
Feet flat on the floor
▼
Thighs parallel to the floor
▼
Shoulders and neck relaxed
▼
Back straight
▼
Wrists straight
▼
below eye level
Arms bent at a 90° angle
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Internet Safety
APPENDIX
The Internet is a wonderful tool. It allows you to communicate with people, access information, and educate yourself. You can also use it to have fun. But when using any tool, there are certain precautions or safety measures you must take. Using the Internet is no different. Listed below are some rules to follow to make sure you stay safe when you are using the Internet.
Rules for Internet Safety • Set up rules with your parents or another trusted adult about what time of day you can use the Internet, how long you can use the Internet, and what sites you can visit on the Internet. Follow the rules that have been set. • Do not give out personal information, such as your address, telephone number, or the name and location of your school. • If you find any information that makes you uncomfortable, tell a parent or another trusted adult immediately. • Do not respond to any messages that make you uncomfortable. If you receive such a message, tell your parents or another trusted adult immediately. • Never agree to meet with anyone before talking to your parents or another trusted adult. If your parents give you permission to meet someone, make sure you do so in a public place. Have an adult come with you. • Do not send a picture of yourself or any other information without first checking with your parents or a trusted adult.
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
565
Baby Sitter Safety
APPENDIX
Baby-sitting is an important job. You’re responsible for taking care of another person’s children. You have to make decisions not only for yourself but also for other people. So, you have to make good decisions. Keep the following tips in mind when you baby-sit.
Before you Baby-Sit • Take a baby-sitting course or a first-aid class. • Find out what time you should arrive and arrange for your transportation to and from the home. • Ask the parents how long they plan to be away. • Find out how many children you will be caring for and what your responsibilities are. • Settle on how much the parents will pay you for your work. • Consider visiting the family while the parents are home so you can get to know the children a few days before you baby-sit.
When You Arrive • Arrive early so the parents can give you information about caring for the children. Ask the parents about the children’s eating habits, TV habits, and bedtime routine. • Find out where the parents are going. Write down the address and phone number for where they will be and put it next to the phone. Find out when they plan to return. If the parents have a cellular phone, be sure to get that number, too. • Know where the emergency numbers are posted. Also, make sure you have the address for the home so that you can give it to an operator in the event of an emergency. • If you are watching toddlers or infants, find out where their formula and diaper supplies are stored. • Learn where the family keeps their first-aid supplies. If the children need any medicine while you care for them, make sure you know how to give it to them. Remember that you shouldn’t give children medicine unless you have the parents’ permission to do so. • Ask if the children have any special needs. For example, some children are diabetic or asthmatic. Make sure you know what to do if they have any trouble. 566
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
While You Are Baby-Sitting • Never leave a child alone, even for a short time. • Don’t leave an infant alone on a changing table, sofa, or bed.
APPENDIX
• Check on the children often, even when they’re sleeping. • Don’t leave children alone in the bathtub or near a pool. • Keep breakable and dangerous objects out of the reach of children. • Keep the doors locked. Unless the parents have given you permission, do not open the door for anyone. • If the phone rings, take a message. Do not let the caller know that you are the baby sitter and that the parents are not home. • If the child gets hurt or sick, call the parents. Don’t try to take care of it yourself. In case of a serious emergency, call 911. Then, call the parents.
Baby-sitting is a huge responsibility. But it is also very rewarding. Children love it when you pay attention to them and when you play with them. Don’t be afraid to get down on the floor with them. They like you to play at their level. Consider doing the following fun activities, but remember to always get the parents’ permission, first! • Take children outside or to a local park to play. • Read stories to each other. Let the children pick their favorite story. • Go to story time at the local library. • Draw pictures, or color in coloring books. Take this a step further by pretending there is an art gallery in the house. Hang up the pictures, and pretend to be visiting the gallery. • Pretend you are at a restaurant during mealtimes. Have the children make up menus and pretend to be waiters. • Plan a scavenger hunt. • Bring some simple craft items for the children, and let them get creative. • Play board games or card games.
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
567
Careers in Health Certified Athletic Trainers
APPENDIX
Athletic trainers work with athletes from sports teams and organizations to prevent, recognize, treat and rehabilitate sports-related injuries. They provide first aid and nonemergency medical services at sporting events and practices and help team members get long-term medical care if they need it. Certified athletic trainers usually work for college or professional sports teams. Sometimes, they work for high school sports teams. How to Become a Certified Athletic Trainer
• four-year bachelor’s degree in a National Athletic Trainer’s Association (NATA) program or an NATA internship • training in CPR and first aid • earn NATA certification
Registered Nurse Registered nurses (RNs) interpret and respond to a patient’s symptoms, reactions, and progress. They teach patients and families about proper healthcare, assist in patient rehabilitation, and provide emotional support to promote recovery. RNs use their knowledge to treat patients and make decisions about patient care. Some RNs are responsible for supervising aides, assistants, and licensed practical nurses. Often nurses choose to work in specialized areas such as obstetrics (childbirth), emergency care, or public health. Registered nurses can work in hospitals, public health departments, nursing homes, and public schools. How to Become a Registered Nurse
• two-year associate’s degree • four-year bachelor’s degree (optional) • pass a licensing exam
568
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Emergency Medical Technician (EMT)
APPENDIX
Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) respond to healthcare crises. They often drive ambulances, give emergency medical care, and, if necessary, transport patients to hospitals. EMTs respond to emergencies, such as heart attacks, unexpected childbirth, car accidents, and fires. They explain situations and coordinate with local hospital staff. Under the direction of a physician, EMTs are told how to proceed with medical care. They perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), control bleeding, place splints on broken bones, and check pulse and respiration. Emergency medical technicians work in hospitals, for fire departments, or with more advanced training, in an ambulance. How to Become an Emergency Medical Technician
• training depends on duties • may require basic classes for certification • may require numerous college courses, depending upon career goal
Medical Social Worker Medical social workers assist patients and their families with healthrelated problems and concerns. They lead support group discussions, help patients locate appropriate healthcare, and provide support to patients who have serious or chronic illnesses. They help patients and their families find resources to overcome unhealthy conditions, such as child abuse, homelessness, and drug abuse. They also help patients find legal resources and financial aid to pay for healthcare services. Medical social workers usually work for hospitals, nursing homes, health clinics, or community healthcare agencies. How to Become a Medical Social Worker
• four-year bachelor’s degree • two-year master’s degree (optional)
Appendix Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
569
