Earth Science Week 13 – Astronomy – The Sun & Planets Once again, there is a lot I would like to cover in Earth Science, but we’re just going to do a short overview of the highlights. Feel free to add on things if you find your child interested in a certain subject or topic that is covered. Also, there is no need to use the books I use. Just look at the topic of the activity and find a book or article that covers the topic or find an online reading (I provide some). Items You’ll Need this Week: • Books o Usborne Book of Knowledge o Help Your Kids With Science o First Encyclopedia of Our World o DK Eye Wonder Space o Stink: Solar System Superhero (optional…just a fun book to read during reading time. We got it from our local library. My kids loved it…we read a couple of chapters everyday together. I don’t have this listed anywhere in the activities.) o The Magic School Bus Gets Lost in Space • Print online worksheets • Internet access • Lab Materials

Activity 1 – Universe, Sun, Introduce Solar System Read “Book of Knowledge.” The Universe, pages 8-9; Our Solar System, pages 10-11, The Sun, pages 12-13. Look at “Help Your Kids With Science” pages 232-233. Read “First Encyclopedia of Our World,” pages 6-7. Read “DK Space” pages 4-5, 14-17. Print online coloring book “A Solar System Coloring Book” at: http://www.astronomersgroup.org/Resources/coloring_book.p df (We will color certain pages each day). o Other coloring books include: The Planets in our Solar System at (great for younger children): http://www.layersof-learning.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/The-Planetsin-Our-Solar-System-Coloring-Book.pdf o A Solar System Coloring book at: http://www.windows2universe.org/coloring_book/SS_Col oring_Book_Beg.pdf o Or a mini-book (no coloring, easy) at: http://www.classroomjr.com/solar-system-for-kids/ Color from printed coloring book: #1 – The Sun Print online worksheet: Day and Night (medium) at: http://www.greatschools.org/worksheets-activities/6224-dayand-night.gs Do the activity from the above worksheet. Take away from today: The planets revolve around the sun.

Activity 2 – Solar System – Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars Read “DK Space”, pages 6-9, 18-23. Read “First Encyclopedia of Our World,” pages 6-7. Color from printed coloring book: #2 – Mercury, #3 – Venus, #4 – Earth, #5- Mars Take away from today: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the inner planets.

Activity 3 – Solar System – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Read “First Encyclopedia of Our World,” pages 6-7. Read “DK Space”, pages 26-31. Color from printed coloring book: #7 – Jupiter, #8 – Saturn, #9 – Uranus, #10 – Neptune Take away from today: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are the outer gas giant planets.

Activity 4 – Solar System – All Planets Review (optional or can be combined with Activity 5, which we did) • Print and color online worksheet: Solar System Scaled to Size: http://3boysandadog.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/solarsystem-printable.pdf Print online worksheet: Our Neighbors in Space (easy) at: http://printables.scholastic.com/printables/detail/?id=25941&qu

ery=solar+system&N=0&Ntk=printables_minibooks&Ntt=solar+ system&_fq=fff&spellcheck=false&No=24 Print and color online worksheet: Discover the Planets (Magic School Bus): http://www.scholastic.com/magicschoolbus/parentteacher/activ ities/spaceprint.pdf Read or Watch: “The Magic School Bus Gets Lost in Space” Activity 5 – Model of the Solar System & Marking Shadows Lab

Lab 13 – Sun & Solar System Activity 1 – Sun & Shadows Materials: • •

Chalk Sunny Day

Procedure: 1) Start this early in the day. Have the student stand in a sunny place in the morning. Their back should be to the sun. Trace around the feet of the student with chalk so they know where to stand every time. 2) Draw around the student’s shadow. 3) Repeat throughout the day. Do this at lunchtime and later in the afternoon, for at least 3 shadows. Add a couple more if you can. Take a photo of the results, if you want to. 4) Answer questions in student worksheet. Science behind this activity: The student’s shadow moves, grows, and shrinks because the light from the sun comes from different directions throughout the day. The position of the sun in the sky changes as the Earth rotates. This change in postion of the sun causes the size and shape of the shadows.

Activity 2 – Solar System Model Materials: •

Whatever you deem necessary to make a model of the solar system. You can make your own or purchase a premade one.

Some Options: This one listed below is what we used, it’s not a bad price at Amazon. I purchased ours at Hobby Lobby with a 40% off coupon. We hung it from our chandelier over the kitchen table for a long time. It has glow-in-the-dark paint that we applied over some of our painted planets (it dries clear). It’s pretty cool! It just doesn’t glow for very long though. We left the planets in half as we painted them. When they were dry I assembled everything. It took a little bit to cut fishing line and assemble, but it wasn’t bad. The mobile is balanced and looks pretty decent. I’m assuming we’ll keep it around for a bit.

http://rcm-na.amazonadsystem.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1= 0000FF&t=homekidslife20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=B00007L12U Here’s a Styrofoam one: http://rcm-na.amazonadsystem.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1= 0000FF&t=homekidslife20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=B000WWGIK2 Here’s a free printable one: http://printables.scholastic.com/printables/detail/?id=39869&query=solar+system&N=0& Ntk=printables_minibooks&Ntt=solar+system&_fq=fff&spellcheck=false&No=0

Week 14 – Astronomy – Dwarf Planets, The Moon, Stars & Space Rocks (We will cover rockets in Physical Science!) Items You’ll Need this Week: • Books o Usborne Book of Knowledge o Help Your Kids With Science o First Encyclopedia of Our World o DK Eye Wonder Space o The Magic School Bus – Out of This World A Book About Space Rocks (book or movie) o The Magic School Bus – See Stars (book or movie) o Stink: Solar System Superhero (optional…just a fun book to read during reading time. We got it from our local library. My kids loved it…we read a couple of chapters everyday together. I don’t have this listed anywhere in the activities. I mentioned it last week.) • Print online worksheets • Internet access • Lab Materials Activity 1 – Dwarf Planets Read “DK Space” pages 32-33. Print and Read PAGE 1 of the Solar System Booklet. (There is a lot of information and activities in this booklet. We’re just reading page 1 today, but feel free to look through this and do

other activities as you see fit. Be careful not to print the entire thing, unless you want to print 68 pages.) http://www.swlauriersb.qc.ca/Schools/mccaig/Teachers/dstrina/ SOLARSYSTEMBOOKLET.pdf Print online coloring book “A Solar System Coloring Book” at: http://www.astronomersgroup.org/Resources/coloring_book.p df (This is from last week…no need to print again). Color from printed coloring book: #1 1 – Pluto Take away from today: Pluto is a dwarf planet. Activity 2 – Space Rocks Read “DK Space”, pages 24-25. Read “Book of Knowledge.” Our Solar System, page 11 Look at “Help Your Kids with Science”, page 237. Read or watch “The Magic School Bus – Out of This World A Book About Space Rocks” Color from printed coloring book: #6 – Asteroids, #12 – Comets • Print and play board game: Space Rocks! A Giant Meteorite Game at: http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/space_days/activities/spaceR ocks/boardGame.pdf Take away from today: Difference in space rocks. Falling meteoroids are called meteors and when they hit the Earth’s surface they are called meteorites.

Activity 3 – Stars Look at “Book of Knowledge.” Star Groups, Star Patterns, Night Skies, Famous Constellations, pages 20-32 Read “DK Space”, pages 34-37. Read or Watch “The Magic School Bus See Stars” Print online worksheet: The Brightest Light (medium) at: http://www.greatschools.org/worksheets-activities/6207-thebrightest-light-stars.gs Take away from today: Patterns of bright stars in the sky are called constellations. Activity 4 – Moon Read “Book of Knowledge.” The Moon, page 16 and Map of the Moon, page 33 Read “The First Encyclopedia of Our World.” On the Moon, pages 8-9. Read “DK Space.” Journey to the Moon, pages 10-13. Look at “Help Your Kids with Science,” page 236. Print online worksheet: The Many Phases of the Moon (hard) at: http://www.greatschools.org/worksheets-activities/6314-themany-phases-of-the-moon.gs Print online worksheet: Is The Moon Out Tonight (medium) at: http://www.gscdn.org/library/cms/23/14423.pdf Print online worksheet: The Light of the Moon (medium) at: http://www.greatschools.org/worksheets-activities/6225-thelight-of-the-moon.gs

• Print and color online worksheet: The Moon (choose one) at: http://www.bigactivities.com/coloring/space/moons/ • Print online coloring worksheet: The Moon (easy) at: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/activiti es/coloring/Moon.shtml Take away from today: The moon spins around as it orbits the Earth. The shape of the moon seems to change from night to night because different amounts of its sunlit side are visible to us.

Activity 5 – Moon, Constellations & Space Rocks Lab

Lab 14 – Moon, Constellations & Space Rocks Activity 1 – Moon Phases Materials: • •

Moon Phase calendar in student worksheets Access to look at the moon every night

Procedure: 1) Write the starting date on the calendar. 2) Try and observe the moon nearly every night for 30 days. Don’t worry if you miss some nights because of schedule or clouds. You can even help your student fill in the calendar if they don’t get a chance to see the moon before they go to bed.

Science behind this: The moon does not shine any light of its own onto Earth. We can see the moon from Earth because it is reflecting the light from the sun. From Earth is look like the moon is changing shape (it’s always round), but the moon in slowly spinning on it axis as it orbits Earth and this changes the amount of light we can see. The moon spins exactly once during each orbit of Earth, which means that we always see the same side of the moon. The other side is called the “Dark Side of the Moon.” The moon circles the Earth about once a month. We call the different moon shapes that we see “phases of the moon.” Activity 2 – Constellation Model Materials: • • • •

Book with constellation diagrams Plastic glow-in-the-dark stars and/or planets (optional) Or materials to make your own glittery or glow in the dark stars (optional) Something tacky to stick stars to the ceiling or wall (may come with a purchased set - optional)

Procedure: 1) Using a book with constellations in it, have the student sketch some of their favorite constellations onto their worksheet. (You may need to give them a number of stars that they can use. This can be filled in on the worksheet. It’s better to have a few extra stars left over that can just be randomly placed.)

2) When the student is happy with their selected constellations and the number of stars they have used, you can be done. Or use this as a guide for placing the stars on a ceiling or wall. 3) Carefully place the stars on the selected spot. You may be doing this if the ceiling is where you are to put them. Let the student help direct where the constellations will go. Putting the actual stars up is optional. Extension: Talk about how many constellations (and planets) are named after figures in Greek and Roman mythology. Maybe check out some books with myths that relate to your student’s favorite constellations. Read those myths. My kids and I had done a 3week unit on mythology before this science activity. They were able to understand where many of the names came from for the planets and constellations. (Totally a coincidence with the timing, but it worked out well!)

Activity 3 – Space Rock Detective Materials: • • •

Large white piece of paper Magnet Magnifying glass or dissecting microscope

Procedure: 1) On a sunny day (preferably in the morning), go outside with your big sheet of paper. 2) Secure the piece of paper to an area that is not under a cover (such as a porch). 3) Leave the paper outside for 4-6 hours. Do not leave it in rain or bad weather. 4) When it is time, collect the paper gently. Try not to disturb it too much or have anything roll off the edges. Collect it so that anything that has landed on the paper will roll into the middle. 5) Hold a magnet under the paper, in the center, where anything has collected. With the magnet still under the paper, gently shake off any extra material that has gathered that isn’t attracted to the magnet. 6) Collect the material that did not fall off and look at it with a magnifying glass or dissecting scope. (Assuming you actually got something and it didn’t blow away). Science Behind This: Every day tons of particles (such as ones you might have collected) fall to Earth from meteorites. They are very tiny particles, so we don’t usually

feel them or see them. Meteorites are small rock-like chunks that are broken pieces of comets or asteroids that travel in outer space. They burn up as they enter and pass through Earth’s atmosphere. The small particles that remain fall to the Earth. We use a magnet to collect the pieces because meteorites contain mostly iron. Activity 4 – Star Ornaments This is an optional activity. We were studying stars near Christmas time, so this was a fun art or baking activity to incorporate into science. Materials: Varies depending on the method you select. Procedure: Option 1: Bake some cookies that you can cut out into the shape of stars. Decorate if desired. We made gingerbread cookies and used some star-shaped cookie cutters. Option 2: Make star ornaments in a way you select. These could be salt-dough ornaments, cinnamon/applesauce ornaments, metal ornaments, or a way you selected. I’ve included some links to a few different ways to make some ornaments. Or feel free to do it your own way. Metal Ornaments at: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/crafts/mexico/metalcutouts/ Cornstarch Clay at my personal blog: http://homekidslife.blogspot.com/2010/09/cornstarch-clay.html Applesauce and Cinnamon Ornaments at: http://homekidslife.blogspot.com/2010/12/applesauce-cinnamon-ornaments.html

Week 15 – Planet Earth, Seasons & Inside the Earth Items You’ll Need this Week: • Books o Usborne Book of Knowledge o Help Your Kids With Science o First Encyclopedia of Our World o Usborne Beginners Planet Earth o The Magic School Bus – Inside the Earth o The Usborne Book of Science Activities Volume Three • Print online worksheets • Internet access • Lab Materials Activity 1 – Planet Earth Introduction Read “Planet Earth” book. I had my kids take turns reading this book. Have your students read it to you or you can read with them if they are an emerging reader. Color a picture of the Earth. Some online places to get one are: o http://www.crayola.com/free-coloring-pages/print/earthsrotation-coloring-page/ o http://www.crayola.com/free-coloring-pages/print/worldmap-coloring-page/ o http://www.coloringprintables.net/science-coloringpages/planet-earth-coloring-page.html o Or find your own.

Take away from today: Earth is the only planet in the Solar System that is known to support life. Activity 2 – Seasons Get the kids’ attention by watching an online video about seasons. It’s Sesame Street! Have them watch and then ask what topic you are going to talk about today. http://www.sesamestreet.org/videos#media/video_1ff18feb157e-11dd-9bc7-777dea8a73e7 Read “Science Activities Volume Three” page 67 and 71 Read “First Encyclopedia of the World” – The Seasons on pages 14-15. Visit Reasons for Seasons at: http://www.learner.org/jnorth/tm/ReasonsBack.html (You may want to read some info on your own.) Then go to the Season Simulator with the kids at: http://astro.unl.edu/naap/motion1/animations/seasons_ecliptic.s wf Watch a science video about how seasons change. Some options are: o Why the Seasons Change – Beyond Our Earth at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=liOJtbCMF0M o Choose from a bunch at: http://www.neok12.com/Seasons.htm o And for you Bill Nye fans: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQ34-2cuzfY Take away from today: The Earth is titled at an angle, which causes us to have seasons that change as the Earth moves around the sun.

Activity 3 – Inside the Earth Read “First Encyclopedia of the World” – Our Planet on pages 4-5. Look at “Book of Knowledge,” Pages 36-37. Look at “Help Your Kids With Science,” Pages 226-227. Print and color an online worksheet with the layers of the earth: o http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/coloring/ (We used this one). Read “The Magic School Bus-Inside the Earth.” (Also a great read for when we study rocks). Take away from today: Earth is made up of different layers: crust (solid), mantle (mostly solid), outer core (liquid or molten), and inner core (solid).

Activity 4 – Earth & The Seasons Lab

Lab 15 – Inside the Earth and Seasons Activity 1 – Diagram the Seasons This activity is slightly advanced. Check it out and see if it something your student would be interested in doing. You can do the online version or print it out. Skip to Question 3 if you prefer to not do the online activity. Materials: •

Internet Access

Procedure: 1) Go to this website: http://www.neok12.com/diagram/Seasons-01.htm 2) Do the online version or print the diagram out. 3) On the student worksheet have the student answer the question “Why do we have seasons?” We’re going for an easy answer…(Did you watch the Bill Nye video?)…the answer is…because the Earth is tilted. 4) Have the student draw a tilted earth. Activity 2 – Put the Seasons in Order Materials: •

Internet Access (optional)

Procedure: 1) Go to this website: http://www.neok12.com/flowchart/Seasons-01.htm 2) Do the online version of the game or skip to the student worksheet. 3) Draw what the tree looks like in each season. Write the seasons down. Alternate to drawing - Print out this worksheet with trees that the students glue to a paper: http://thehelpfulgarden.blogspot.com/2011/10/four-seasons-charts-with-controlchart.html

Activity 3 – Make a Model of the Layers of the Earth Materials: •

Internet Access

•

Whatever materials you need for the method you choose

Procedure: 1) Label the layers of the earth on the student worksheet. (Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core) 2) Make a model of the earth (with the layers). Cut it in half if you can. Here’s some options for models: Playdough or Model Magic Model (this is the one we’ll be doing): http://www.kiwicrate.com/projects/Play-Dough-plus-Dental-Floss-equals-an-EarthExploration/487 Pizza Earth: http://morninghugsandgoodnightkisses.blogspot.com/2011/11/pizza-earthscience-project.html Edible (oreos, M&M’s, and chocolate sauce): http://beakersandbumblebees.blogspot.com/2009/11/yummy-model.html Cake Model (pretty intensive and cool looking, geared to bakers): http://cakecrumbs.me/2013/05/24/commission-earth-structural-layer- and here’s the link to the tutorial: http://cakecrumbs.me/2013/08/01/spherical-concentric-layer-cake-tutorial/ Or do a search for your own for inspiration. Here’s some really good cards you can print off and have the students view as you create your selected model: http://thehelpfulgarden.blogspot.com/2012/09/layers-ofearth-nomenclature-cards-and.html

Week 16 – Earthquakes, Mountains, Volcanoes & Caves Items You’ll Need this Week: • Books o Help Your Kids With Science o First Encyclopedia of Our World o Planet Earth by Two-Can Publishers o The Magic School Bus Blows Its Top o Book of Knowledge • Print online worksheets • Internet access • Lab Materials Activity 1 – Earthquakes Read “First Encyclopedia of Our World” Earthquakes on pages 22-23 . Print online article and worksheet “Earthquakes: Ready to Rumble” (medium-hard) at: http://printables.scholastic.com/printables/f.jsp?id=31809 Read online “Earthquakes” at: http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-earthquake.htm • Print online worksheet for kids to color as you read, “Drop, Cover, and Hold On” (easy) at: http://quake.ualr.edu/schools/coloring/quake.gif

Read online article (you can print if needed) “The Science of Earthquakes” at: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php • Choose some facts to read from “Earthquake Facts” at: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/facts.php Look at U.S. Geological Services Earthquake Site at: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/ • Check out the U.S. Geological Services Earthquake Site for kids at: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/ Take away from today: The Earth’s crust is made of many plates and they meet at boundaries. The plates move slowly and sometimes when the plates bump, earthquakes occur.

Activity 2 – Volcanoes Read “First Encyclopedia of Our World” Volcanoes on pages 2425. Read or watch “The Magic School Bus Blows Its Top.” Read online: “Volcanoes” at http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-volcano.htm Print online coloring book “Exploding Volcano – Make a Flap Book” (medium) at: http://printables.scholastic.com/printables/f.jsp?id=31815 Print online coloring book “Volcano Mini Book” (easy) at: http://www.crayola.com/free-coloring-pages/print/volcano-minibook-coloring-page/

Print online coloring sheet “Plates of the World” (shows ring of fire) at: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/coloring/platemap.pdf Watch a volcano video: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/kids/forces-ofnature-kids/volcanoes-101-kids/ Take away from today: Volcanoes are formed when magma from the Earth’s mantle works its way through weak spots in the crust. The volcano erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Activity 3 – Mountains Read “First Encyclopedia of Our World” In the Mountains on pages 30-31 . Look at “Planet Earth” Looking at Mountains, pages 6-9. Look at “Book of Knowledge” pages 38-39. Print online coloring sheet “Mountains” at: http://www.crayola.com/free-coloring-pages/print/mountainscoloring-page/ Take away from today: Mountains from when rocks fold upward where plates meet. Mount Everest in the Himalaya is the highest peak on Earth.

Activity 4 – Caves Read “First Encyclopedia of Our World” Caves and Caverns on pages 40-41 . Read any book on caves.

Virtually visit: (I actually visited this cave when I took a geology class at the University of Wisconsin-River Falls, while studying for my Masters in Science Education.) http://www.uwec.edu/jolhm/cave2005/group4/homepage.htm or search and visit any other cave of your choosing. Some others are: o http://www.goodearthgraphics.com/virtcave/index.html Print online worksheet (medium, I use K12 readers every week for my kids spelling & reading comprehension lessons so they were familiar with this type of worksheet): http://www.k12reader.com/readingcomprehension/Gr5_Wk29_Stalagmite_Stalactite.pdf or another option for a worksheet (easy/medium) is: https://www.teachervision.com/tv/printables/orange/se-93.pdf Take away from today: Stalactites are formed on the ceiling. (It has tight in the word…hangs tight on the ceiling or it is spelled with a “c” for “ceiling.”) Stalagmites are formed on the ground. (It has a “g” in it for “ground.”) A column is where stalactites and stalagmites meet. Visit a cave if you ever get the opportunity! Activity 5: Lab with volcanoes and stalactites and stalagmites.

Lab 16 – Volcanoes and Caves You may want to spread these activities out over the week. It’s a lot to get done in one day. Here’s how we did it: Day 2: Make volcano model – activity 1. Day 3: Paint volcano model – activity 1. Day 4: Start cave or stalagmite and stalactite activity – activity 2. Start cave activity 3. Day 5: Erupt volcano – activity 1. Do wax volcano activity – activity 4. Check on cave activity – activity 2 and 3. Following days (weekend for us and beginning of next week): Keep checking cave activity results.

Activity 1 – Make A Volcano Model This activity can be done in a variety of ways. We used a kit to make a model, but you’re free to make your own. Materials: • •

Kit Or materials to make your own volcano. o Use play dough or clay. o Paper Mache o Sand

Procedure: 1) Make volcano model according to kit directions or your own directions. 2) Optional – paint and/or decorate your model. 3) Erupt your model. We used the baking soda and vinegar method. 4) Answer questions on student worksheet.

Activity 2 – Make Stalactites and Stalagmites – Cave Activity Materials: • • • • •

2 glasses or jars Water Epsom salts (or you can try with table salt, sugar, baking soda, etc) String that absorbs water Wax paper or plate

Procedure: 1) Warm up some water in a pan (stove or microwave). 2) Add salt into the pan and stir until no more will dissolve. You will see some salt particles sitting on the bottom of the pan. 3) Pour the salty solution into the glasses in nearly equal amounts. 4) Place the glasses on top of wax paper about 6-8 inches apart. (Or you can put a plate between the glasses if you don’t want the mess on your counter.) 5) Put one end of a sting (cut long enough to go into both glasses) in one glass of salty water and put the other end of the string in the other glass. 6) The water should eventually soak through the string. (I tried 3 kinds and only one worked. Yarn and twine did not work for me. I found something else…not sure what it was. Cut a thin piece of cloth if you need to.) 7) Leave this set-up and check every day for at least 3 days. You should get crystals hanging from the string and building up underneath it. 8) Answer the questions in the student worksheet. 1) Stalactite, 2) Stalagmite, 3) Column Science behind this: This is similar to stalagmite and stalactite formation in a cave.

Activity 3 – Make a cave model. Materials: • • • • •

Sugar cubes Water Clay String that absorbs water Wax paper or plate

Procedure: 1) Flatten the clay out into a pancake.

2) Place the sugar cubes on the clay so that they touch each other. 3) Wrap the clay around the sugar cubes to make a ball. But don’t seal it tightly. Leave some “cracks” in the surface of the clay so that some sugar cube is exposed. 4) Put the clay in a bowl. 5) Pour water slowly over the clay structure. You might see some bubbles. The sugar cubes should be dissolving. 6) After some time, you can remove the cave from the water and take a look at it. 7) Answer questions on worksheet: 1) Saw bubbles, saw nothing, or saw sugar dissolving. 2) Space…like a cave.

Science behind this: We have a model of a limestone cave. It takes time to make a cave. Water slowly trickles through making space in the cave and forming cave formations. Activity 4 – Wax Volcano Follow the online directions for this at: http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/lab/experiments/volcano-in-a-cup-erupting-wax