Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System

UGNAYAN at BAHAGINAN Building Resilience through Good Governance National Conference for LGUs on Mainstreaming DRR-CCA-EMR 13 October 2014 * Naga City Rosalie C. PAGULAYAN Weather Specialist II Hydrometeorology Division, PAGASA-DOST Tracking the sky….helping the country…

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System

Outline of presentation 1. Introduction 2. Flood Management options 3. Key Elements of Integrated Flood Management 4. Concept of Integrated Flood Management Tracking the sky….helping the country…

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Why is the Philippines prone to flooding? The climate of the Philippines is an interplay of different weather systems that affect the country.

Geographical Location of the PH

Topographic Map of PH Tracking the sky….helping the country…

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Flooding: • One of the greatest disasters known to mankind • Statistics show that almost 70% of the global disasters are linked to hydro-meteorological events • It is not new in the Philippines: The Archive of the Manila Observatory chronicles major floods that occurred between 1589 and 1911 in connection with the passage of tropical cyclones. • Represented 35% of all global losses According to any criteria, the economic Philippines is for an2013 extremely

dangerous place to inhabit. One of the most comprehensive records on the occurrence of recent natural hazards even advised that the archipelago has experienced more disasters than any other country in the world since 1900. - Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Tracking the sky….helping the country… Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (hereafter CRED) EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System In the Philippines, there are 18 major river basins and 421 principal river basins.

Encompassing several barangays, municipalities and even provinces.

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Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Aggravating factor to flooding:

Influence of urbanization

Deforestation Warning sign that the area is flood prone (left) and informal settlers along Mangahan Floodway (Source: Bongco, 2009) Tracking the sky….helping the country…

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Aggravating factor to flooding: Increasing population density (UN ESCAP 1995) • Rate of deforestation • Conversion of agricultural land for habitation • Increasing water scarcity

Ave. Population density: 1903 – 517 1960 – 3,872 2000 – 16,495

Population data of the National Capital Region (Metro Manila)

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Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Aggravating factor to flooding: Encroachment along sand bars and river banks: Communities live in 2 islets (sandbar): Isla de Oro and Isla Verde In 2009, the local government applied for a permit to develop the areas into residential and commercial as part of the City’s industrialized area. The DENR declined the request and ordered the immediate relocation of all residents in the 2 islets. Barangay Macasandig, CDO City before (left) and after (right) the disaster. Data source: DPWH-FCSEC Technical Report on Assessment of the Flashflood Damage in Cagayan De Oro and Iligan City, The Destructive Path of TS Sendong, Tracking the sky….helping the country… 21 December 2011

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Rampant development

Orchids Subdivision at the estuary of Mandulog River, Iligan City

Environmental degradation

Source: OCD-PAF

Logs and other debris were swept by flood waters that washed out Mandulog bridge in Iligan City. Tracking the sky….helping the country…

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System

* UNISDR – United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction Tracking the sky….helping the country…

Flood Management options:

Structural Measures  River Improvement - Dikes and Flood Walls - Channel Improvements - Flood Diversion/Floodway  Retention/ Retardation of Runoff - Reservoirs, Retarding Ponds - Rainfall Retention Facilities - Conservation of Upper Watershed thru Regulations on Development and Afforestation

Non-structural Measures  Flood Plain Management - Land use regulation - Flood proofing of facilities - Flood insurance  Flood warning and evacuation - Flood forecasting and warning system (FFWS) - Information and education campaign (IEC) - Flood hazard map - Flood fighting - Flood rescue & disaster relief Tracking the sky….helping the country…

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Integrated Water Resources A process that promotes the co-ordinated Management(IWRM) development and management of water, land and related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems. Integrated Flood Management (IFM) is an integral part of IWRM, that aims to integrate land and water resources management in a riverIntegrated basin. Flood Management, Concept Source: Tracking the sky….helping the country…

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Integrated Flood Management: • Consider the dynamic nature of a river system in which there are considerable interactions and fluxes between the land and water bodies • Fully recognizes the encompassing characteristic of a river basin, “political boundaries” should not be an issue. • Focus not only to reduce the flood losses but also to maximize the efficient use of Source: Integrated Flood Management, Concept Tracking the sky….helping the country… the flood plains.

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Integrated Flood Management Model: Water Resources Managem ent

Integrated Flood Management

Land Use Managem ent Coastal Hazard Zone Manage Managem ment Flood ent

Source: Integrated Management, Concept Paper2009 Flood Forecasting and Warning Section (FFWS), Hydrometeorology Division, PAGASA-

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System

Key Elements of Integrated Flood Management: • Manage the water cycle as a whole • Integrate land and water management • Adopt a best mix of strategies • Ensure a participatory approach • Adopt an integrated hazard management approach Source: Integrated Flood Management, Concept Paper2009

Flood Forecasting and Warning Section (FFWS), Hydrometeorology Division, PAGASA-

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Manage the water cycle as a whole

IFM focuses on managing the land phase of the water cycle as a whole, taking into account the wide range of flooding – small, medium or extreme event. • • • •

Positive aspects of flood (for future use) Occurrence of extreme events Design standards for flood protection Urban flooding

Source: Integrated Flood Management, Concept Paper2009 Tracking the sky….helping the country…

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Integrate land and water management There is a need to understand that there is a CONNECTION of upstream activities to the downstream reaches of the river system: • can result in a drastic change in the characteristic of flood as well as the associated water quality and sediment flow. • Continuous sediment deposition can lessen the carrying capacity of downstream reaches • Constant of solid waste worsen A viabletransport strategy would be to look can at the river health in the impedes and the basincondition development indownstream, a wider perspective flow of floodwater collaborate all undertakings to enhance or Source: Integrated Flood Management, Concept optimize the results . Flood Forecasting and Warning Section (FFWS), Hydrometeorology Division, PAGASAPaper2009

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Adopt a best mix of strategies

Options Dams and reservoirs Dikes, levees and flood embankments High flow diversions Catchment management Channel improvements Reducing Floodplain regulation Susceptibility Development and reto Damage development policies Design and location of facilities Housing and building codes Flood forecasting and warning Mitigating the Information and education impacts of Disaster preparedness flooding Post-flood recovery Flood insurance Preserving Flood plain zoning and the Natural regulation Integrated Flood Management, Concept Resources of Flood Forecasting and Warning Section (FFWS), Hydrometeorology Division, PAGASA-

Factors that will help determine the appropriateness of strategy or combination of strategies in a particular river basin: • Climate and degree of exposure to weather system • Basin characteristics • Socio-economic conditions Strategies should be flexible, resilient and adaptable to Source: changing conditions and should Paper2009

Strategy Reducing Flooding

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System In the area of non-structural measures: • Appropriate disaster response plans • Timely, accurate/reliable warning information • Community drills to enhance the DRR plans • Continuous IECs, public information drives • Integration of DRR in school curricula • Strict enforcement of floodplain zoning • Employing a community-based approach

Source: Integrated Flood Management, Concept Paper2009 Flood Forecasting and Warning Section (FFWS), Hydrometeorology Division, PAGASA-

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Ensure a participatory approach IFM should encourage the participation of users, planners and policy-makers at all levels – avenue to bring sectoral views and interests to the decision-making process • Should involve the participation of the upstream and downstream stakeholders in the planning and implementation of initiatives. • Representation of minorities and indigenous people as well as the elderlies and children could also provide insights in coming up with Source: Integrated Flood Management, Concept interventions that are sensitive to their special Paper2009 •

Flood Forecasting and Warning Section (FFWS), Hydrometeorology Division, PAGASA-

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Adopt an integrated hazard management approach: • •

Development of a holistic approach to emergency planning rather than specific hazard approach. Integrated approaches allow the DRR sectors to look at the hazard in a wider scale for them to be able to address the need for a better treatment of secondary hazards posed by a disaster.

Source: Integrated Flood Management, Concept Paper2009 Flood Forecasting and Warning Section (FFWS), Hydrometeorology Division, PAGASA-

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Way forward: Inclusion of Integrated Flood Management into DRR-CCA • DRRM Act of 2010, Republic Act 9729 (Climate Change Act), Medium-Term Development Plan, etc. • There is a need for a basin approach • Need for a mutually agreed interventions at the national, regional, and local level • Multidisciplinary approach • Emphasize the involvement of all stakeholders in coming up with a consensus in implementing a holistic Flood integrated flood management Source: Integrated Management, Concept Tracking the sky….helping the country… Paper2009 interventions

Applying River-basin approach in Early Warning System Thank you for your Additional information: attention. Hydrometeorological Division Tel. #s: 9294065, 9282754, 9204052, 9266970 email add: [email protected]/Like us on Facebook/Tweet www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/meteopilipinas Bicol River Basin Flood Forecasting and Warning Center Camaligan, Camarines Sur (Ms. Josephine G. Albaño,Tracking Officer-In-Charge) the sky….helping the country…