Set No. 1

Code No: RR211103

in

II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2006 BIO-ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. What is refractory period and explain absolute and relative refractory periods.[16]

ld .

2. Give an account of local circuit theory related to nerve impulse and explain saltatory conduction. [16] 3. Explain about the mechanical activity of the heart in detail?

[16]

4. (a) Drawing the Einthoven’s triangle, explain the electrical activity of the heart? [8+8]

or

(b) What do you mean by augmented limb leads?

5. What are the bioelectric sources used in volume conductor fields?

[16]

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6. Mention the applications of analytical instruments in medicine with necessary examples. [16] 7. (a) What do you mean by gradation of muscular activity? Explain.

[8+8]

(b) What is chemical significance of fatigue. Explain. 8. Discuss the different waves and rhythms in Electroencephalogram. Explain. [16]

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Set No. 2

Code No: RR211103

in

II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2006 BIO-ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆ 1. Describe local excitatory state (LES) and rheobase . Explain the relation between the stimulus strength and duration. [16]

ld .

2. Give an account of local circuit theory related to nerve impulse and explain saltatory conduction. [16] 3. (a) Explain as to how you can relate action potentials to the electrical activity of heart? [8+8]

or

(b) Draw a neat schematic to show the conduction pathway.

[16]

5. What are the bioelectric sources used in volume conductor fields?

[16]

6. In brief, discuss the application of analytical instruments in medicine.

[16]

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4. Explain in brief the significance of Einthoven triangle?

7. How are motor unit potentials generated? Explain.

[16]

8. Explain the 10-20 electrode system used in the measurement of EEG. Plot the different brain waves and give its frequency and amplitude ranges. [16]

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1 of 1

Set No. 3

Code No: RR211103

1. Write short notes on:

[8]

ld .

(a) ion selective electrode and PH glass electrode.

in

II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2006 BIO-ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

(b) Donnan equilibrium and transport of ions across membranes.

[8]

[16]

3. Explain how the electrical impulses are generated in the heart?

[16]

4. Define “lead”? Explain the ECG leads with neat circuit diagrams.

[16]

or

2. Describe the physiology of impulse transmission over the synopse.

5. What are the bioelectric sources used in volume conductor fields? 6. (a) Explain the bio-potential electrodes used for surgery?

[16] [8+8]

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(b) Using a circuit diagram, discuss about Electrode-Electrolyte interface. 7. (a) Discuss the velocity of neuromuscular transmission and their changes in normal and abnormal states. [8+8] (b) Explain the chemical significance of fatigue?

⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

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8. What are the alpha and beta rhythms in EEG? Give their normal frequency range. How is EEG used in disorders like Epilepsy for early detection? [16]

1 of 1

Set No. 4

Code No: RR211103

1. Write short notes on:

[8]

ld .

(a) ion selective electrode and PH glass electrode.

in

II B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, November 2006 BIO-ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODES (Bio-Medical Engineering) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

(b) Donnan equilibrium and transport of ions across membranes.

[8]

2. What is all or none principle related to nerve impulse . Add Intensity -frequency relationship of impulse. [16]

or

3. Discuss about the role played by valves of heart in mechanical activity of heart in detail. [16] 4. (a) What are ECG complexes. Explain in detail.

[8+8]

(b) Explain Chest leads with a circuit diagram.

uW

5. What are the bioelectric sources used in volume conductor fields?

[16]

6. What is an electrode potential with reference to bio-potential recording? What are Different types of electrodes used for recording bio-potentials? Write their important Characteristics. [16] 7. (a) Discuss the velocity of neuromuscular transmission and their changes in normal and abnormal states. [8+8] (b) Explain the chemical significance of fatigue?

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8. (a) Explain the placement of electrodes used in the measurement of EEG? [8+8] (b) Specify different EEG rhythms? Define REM.

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Set No. 1 Accounts

8. Discuss the different waves and rhythms in Electroencephalogram. ... 8. What are the alpha and beta rhythms in EEG? Give their normal frequency range.

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