• Entre 110 y 125 mg/dl estamos frente a una intolerancia a la glucosa en ayunas • Parece claro que los que se sitúan entre 120 y 126 mg/ dl terminarán convirGéndose en diabéGcos
FISIOPATOLOGÍA DE HIPERGLUCEMIA • 3 mecanismos principales:
FISIOPATOLOGÍA DE HIPERGLUCEMIA • 3. Producción hepá=ca de glucosa excesiva Resistencia hepáGca a insulina Incapacidad hiperinsulinismo suprimir gluconeogénesis
Hiperglucemia en ayunas Disminución almacenamiento pospandrial de glucosa en hígado
Fisiopatología de la hiperglucemia de la DM-2 Sulfonilureas Meglitinidas GLP-1/iDPP4
Menor captación Glucosa Aumento Lipólisis Glitazonas Metfomina
HIPERGLUCEMIA
Menor captación Glucosa
Aumento Secreción Glucagon
Glitazonas Metfomina
iSGLT-2
Aumento reabsorción Glucosa 2. Adapted from DeFronzo RA. Diabetes. 2009;58:773-795. “El Octeto ominoso”
Aumento Producción Glucosa
PERO… • Es sólo un problema de glucemia? • Debemos entender la DM2 como parte de un problema metabólico atendiendo así a todos esos parametros además de la glucemia - TA - Peso - Lípidos - Función renal - Otras comorbilidades del paciente
DIETA Y EJERCICIO • Esta claro que la reducción de peso mejora la DM, incluso la hace desaparecer, SE CURA!! • Los pacientes son poco colaboradores • Muy muy escasa adherencia • Resultados a mas largo plazo
OBJETIVOS • Hacer parGcipe al paciente de su DM • Conseguir el mejor control con una buena calidad de vida • Ademas de controlar la glucosa conseguir actuar sobre el resto de factores
INDIVIDUALIZACION • Debemos adecuar el ko para cada paciente concreto en función de los objeGvos mas razonables • No se debe demorar el inicio • Perder el miedo a la biterapia inicial • Si se precisa insulina pensar en pautas basales
AJUSTE • La HbA1c es el parámetro mas empleado para el seguimiento • Cada punto porcentual de HbAc1 que bajamos: - Disminuye 37% complicaciones microvasculares - Disminuye 43% complicaciones de grandes vasos que conllevarían amputaciones - Disminuye 21% mortalidad global - Disminuye 14% IAM - Disminuye 12% Accidentes cerebrovasculares
AJUSTE
AJUSTE • Pero una buena HbA1c no siempre indica buen control… • HIPOGLUCEMIA
EN RESUMEN • Los fármacos de elección son: - mehormina - iSGLT2 - aGLP1 - iDPP4 - insulina • Estrategia de dco y ko • Abordaje holísGco del paciente • Evitar complicaciones (hipoglucemias)
BIBLIOGRAFIA • Up to date
– IniGal management of blood glucose in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus – Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus – Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus – Overview of medical care in adults with diabetes mellitus
• Manual de atención al paciente diabéGco hospitalizado • Manual de endocrinología • Standars of medical care in diabetes 2017-ADA •
CONSENSUS STATEMENT BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY ON THE COMPREHENSIVE TYPE 2 DIABETES MANAGEMENT ALGORITHM – 2017 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 3 of 26. ⢠Entre 110 y 125 mg/dl estamos frente a una. intolerancia a la glucosa en ayunas. ⢠Parece claro que los que se sitúan entre 120 y 126 mg/.
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