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S£h− e k ¡ ® c M m ¡j (¢àa£u M™)

A d É¡ f L − N ¡ m¡ j B k j

¢àa£u M™ pÇf−LÑ ‘S£h−e k¡ ®cMm¡j’ fÐbj M−ä 1930 p¡m ®b−L 52 p¡m fkÑ¿¹ OVe¡h¢m E−õM Ll¡ q−u−Rz ¢àa£u M−ä 1962 p¡m fkÑ¿¹ ®f±yRm¡jz ¯c¢eL pwNË¡−j fÐ¢a pç¡−q öœ²h¡−l HL ¢L¢Ù¹ L−l fÐL¡¢na quz 2001 p¡−ml 26 S¡e¤u¡¢l−a fÐbj ¢L¢Ù¹ R¡f¡ quz 2001 p¡−ml ¢X−pð−l 48 ¢L¢Ù¹ ®mM¡ ¢e−u f¤Ù¹L¡L¡−l fÐbj Mä fÐL¡¢na quz 2002-Hl S¤e j¡−p Hl f¤ejÑ¤âZ quz ¢àa£u Mä 2002 p¡−ml ¢X−pð−l fÐL¡¢na q−µRz H M−ä 49 ®b−L 90 ¢L¢Ù¹ ®mM¡ l−u−Rz A−e−LC Bj¡−L ¢S−‘p L−le ®k, ®no fkÑ¿¹ La Mä q−h? H ¢ho−u p¢WL d¡lZ¡ ®cJu¡ pñh euz ®mM¡ AhÉ¡qa l−u−Rz ®hy−Q b¡L−m Hhw ®mM¡ S¡¢l l¡M−a f¡l−m Bs¡Cn’ fªù¡l hC−ul f¢lj¡Z ®l¢X q−mC Cen¡-Bõ¡q aªa£u Mä ®hl q−hz f¢œL¡u ®L¡e ¢L¢Ù¹ fÐL¡¢na qh¡l p¡−b p¡−bC fÐL¡nL a¡ L−Çf¡S L−l l¡−Me, k¡−a HL Mä f¢lj¡Z pwNËq qh¡l p¡−bC f¤Ù¹L¡L¡−l fÐL¡n Ll¡ pñh quz 1963 p¡m ®b−L 2002 p¡m fkÑ¿¹ 40 hR−l k¡ ®cMm¡j, a¡ ¢mM−a f¡l−m BlJ L−uL Mä q−u ®k−a f¡−lz Bj¡l pq©cu f¡WL-f¡¢WL¡N−Zl ¢eLV a¡−cl B¿¹¢lL ®c¡u¡ Q¡C, k¡−a 80 hR−ll S£h−e k¡ ®cMm¡j a¡ ¢m−M ®l−M ®k−a f¡¢lz BlJ ®c¡u¡ Q¡C, ®ke Hjei¡−h ¢mM−a f¡¢l, k¡ ¢nrZ£u h−m NZÉ quz

−N¡m¡j Bkj

26 ¢X−pðl, 2002

2

p§¢Qfœ hªqšl f¡¢lh¡¢lL °hWL ................................................................................................................ 9 ¯hW−Ll Bpm E−ŸnÉ ................................................................................................................. 9 j¡Jm¡e¡ L¡k£ ®N¡m¡j L¢h−ll hwndl .............................................................................................. 9 28C ¢X−pð−ll Sj¡−ua ............................................................................................................ 10 HL AOVe O−V ®N−m¡................................................................................................................ 10 S¾j, jªa¤É J ¢hh¡qh¡¢oÑL£ ............................................................................................................11 Ae¤ù¡−el Efpwq¡l....................................................................................................................11 −hplL¡¢l L−mS ¢VQÑ¡p H−p¡¢p−un−el fÐ¢aù¡ p−Çjme...................................................................... 12 B¿¹j¤ÑM£ J h¢qjÑ¤M£ üi¡h ............................................................................................................ 12 L−mS ¢VQÑ¡p H−p¡¢p−une NW−e LjÑhÉÙ¹a¡...................................................................................... 13 L−mS ¢nrL p−Çjm−el p¤gm..................................................................................................... 14 Cpm¡¢jL L¡mQ¡−lm Leg¡−l¾p.................................................................................................... 15 Cpm¡j£ ®eaªaÅ-pwLV................................................................................................................. 15 −eaªaÅ-pwL−Vl pj¡d¡e .............................................................................................................. 16 L¡SÑe q−ml p−Çjm−el ¢hhlZ ..................................................................................................... 17 jªa¤ÉC phQ¡C−a ®h¢n ¢e¢ÕQa ....................................................................................................... 18 p¡L¤l jªaÉ¤ l fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡ ................................................................................................................ 18 Bj¡l i¡C¢V p¡b£q¡l¡ q−u ®N−m¡.................................................................................................. 19 hªÜ hu−p Ù»£ q¡l¡−e¡.................................................................................................................. 20 −fÐ±t hu−p ¢h−u....................................................................................................................... 20 p¡L¤l p¤¾cl jªa¤É ...................................................................................................................... 20 ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl LÉ¡Çf ............................................................................................................. 21 c¤'pwNWe ¢j−m f§ZÑ Cpm¡j.......................................................................................................... 22 Cpm¡j AbÑe£¢a pÇf−LÑ p¢WL d¡lZ¡l Ai¡h .................................................................................... 22 ajŸ¤e jS¢mp−L HM−e¡ i¡−m¡h¡¢p............................................................................................... 23 L¤¢øu¡ nq−l ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl p−Çjme J Sepi¡ ............................................................................. 24 ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl ¢p−mV p−Çjme.................................................................................................. 24 AdÉr Bh¤m L¡−pj .................................................................................................................. 25 ajŸ¤e jS¢mp B−l¡ p¢œ²u ®q¡L.................................................................................................. 25 B¢j ®L¡e l¡S¯e¢aL c−ml p¡−b S¢sa ¢Rm¡j e¡............................................................................. 26 −Le j¤p¢mj m£N fR¾c Llm¡j e¡ ................................................................................................. 26 j¤p¢mj m£−Nl m¡−q¡l fÐÙ¹¡h......................................................................................................... 26 hC¢Vl p¡lLb¡ ........................................................................................................................ 27 l¡S¯e¢aL c−m ®k¡Nc¡−el fÐnÀ .................................................................................................... 27 S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l c¡Ju¡a ........................................................................................................ 28 p¡r¡−al fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡ ................................................................................................................... 29 S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l N¡Ch¡å¡ p−Çjme ............................................................................................ 30 p−Çjm−el Sepi¡u.................................................................................................................. 30 Sepi¡u R¡œ−cl L¡l−Z ¢hÐha−h¡d Llm¡j...................................................................................... 31 S¡j¡u¡a ®eaªhª−¾cl p¡−b °hWL .................................................................................................... 31 HL¢V E−õM−k¡NÉ l¡a ............................................................................................................... 32 n¡uM Bj£e¤Ÿ£−el i§¢jL¡ ........................................................................................................... 33 S¡j¡u¡−a ®k¡Nc¡−el fl ............................................................................................................ 34 pwNWe fÜ¢al fÐ¡b¢jL ¢nr¡ ...................................................................................................... 34 a¡hm£N J ajŸ¤−el 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lwf¤l pwNWe öl¦ ..................................................................................................................... 35 p¡wNW¢eL L¡kÑœ²j öl¦ q−m¡........................................................................................................ 35 c¡l−p L¤lB−el fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡ .......................................................................................................... 36 a¡gq£j¤m L¤lBe AdÉue öl¦ Llm¡j ............................................................................................ 37 i¡o¡ ®nM¡l Be¾c .................................................................................................................... 37 j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£ J S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ ¢h−l¡d£ hC−ul q¡jm¡................................................................. 37 S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£−a ®k¡Nc¡e Ll¡u Bî¡l fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡......................................................................... 39 Y¡L¡u Bî¡l j¤−M¡j¤¢M............................................................................................................... 40 HL¢V j−q±o¢d c¡lp ................................................................................................................. 41 Bj¡l c¡c£ J Bj¡l BÇj¡l Lb¡.................................................................................................. 42 j¢qm¡l¡ e£lh LjÑ£ .................................................................................................................... 42 Bj¡l BÇj¡ ........................................................................................................................... 42 Bj¡l c¡c£............................................................................................................................. 42 c¡c£ J BÇj¡l Bcl................................................................................................................. 43 c¡c£l C¢¿¹L¡m ......................................................................................................................... 43 BÇj¡l C¢¿¹L¡m........................................................................................................................ 44 c¡c¡-c¡c£l ®nM¡−e¡ pM ............................................................................................................. 45 Bj¡l hs Q¡Q¡......................................................................................................................... 45 Q¡¢¾ce¡ ®b−L eJNy¡ ®gla........................................................................................................... 46 lwf¤−l f¡¢lh¡¢lL S£he öl¦ ........................................................................................................ 46 Bj¡l c¡c£-n¡ö¢s.................................................................................................................... 46 lwf¤l ®S−m HL j¡p ................................................................................................................. 47 ¢fa¡ qh¡l Efœ²j .................................................................................................................... 49 pª¢ød¡l¡ AhÉ¡qa l¡M¡l ®L±nm ..................................................................................................... 50 fÐbj p¿¹¡e i§¢jù q−m¡ ............................................................................................................... 50 −R−ml e¡j l¡M¡ ....................................................................................................................... 51 ea¤e A¢a¢bl p¡−b p¡r¡v........................................................................................................... 51 p¿¹¡epq Ù»£l p¡−b l¡¢œk¡fe........................................................................................................ 52 HL ¢h−no ®hce¡−h¡d................................................................................................................ 52 p¤M-c¤xM L¡−L h¡−m?................................................................................................................. 53 S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ pÇf−LÑ Bî¡l j−e¡i¡−h f¢lhaÑe ......................................................................... 53 Bh¡l ®NËç¡l J j¤¢š²l fl Ll¡Q£ Nje............................................................................................ 54 a¡hm£−Nl ®ea¡−cl p¡−a °hWL.................................................................................................... 54 Bî¡l pÇf§ZÑ f¢lhaÑe ............................................................................................................... 55 B−l¡ c'¤−R−ml S¾j .................................................................................................................. 55 p¿¹¡e−cl e¡j l¡M¡l e£¢a............................................................................................................ 55 Bî¡l f¢lh¡−l Lj hu−p jªa¤É .................................................................................................... 56 1954 p¡−ml ¢ehÑ¡Qe................................................................................................................. 57 k¤š²é¾V j¢¿»pi¡ NWe................................................................................................................. 57 −L¾cÐ£u n¡pe .......................................................................................................................... 58 HeHj M¡−el n¡peL¡m ............................................................................................................. 59 fÐbj cg¡l LjÑp§¢Q ................................................................................................................... 59 ¢àa£u cg¡ LjÑp§¢Q .................................................................................................................... 60 ¢àa£u cg¡ ®NËç¡l ..................................................................................................................... 60 Bj¡l −NËç¡−ll fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡............................................................................................................ 61 R¡œ−cl B−¾c¡m−e Bj¡l fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡............................................................................................... 62 R¡œ−cl p¡−b Bj¡l O¢eùa¡l L¡lZ .............................................................................................. 62 4

Bj¡l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ........................................................................................................................... 63 lwf¤l −S−m h¡jf¿Û£ ®ea¡−cl avfla¡........................................................................................... 63 j¡QÑ j¡−p S¡j¡u¡−al l¦Le qm¡j .................................................................................................. 64 −Sm ®b−L j¤¢š² ....................................................................................................................... 64 ea¤e p¡wNW¢eL S£he öl¦ .......................................................................................................... 65 Bj¡l f¢ÕQj-f¡¢LÙ¹¡e pgl........................................................................................................ 66 f¢ÕQj-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e ®fy±Rm¡j........................................................................................................... 66 −L¾cÐ£u −jqj¡eM¡e¡u ®fy±Rm¡j ..................................................................................................... 67 j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l p¡¢æ−dÉ........................................................................................................... 67 j¡Jm¡e¡l p¡−b °hWL ................................................................................................................ 68 m¡−q¡−l HL pç¡q .................................................................................................................... 68 NZ-f¢lo−cl f¢lQu ................................................................................................................. 69 ea¤e plL¡l NWe ..................................................................................................................... 70 Bh¡l plL¡l f¢lhaÑe .............................................................................................................. 70 l¡Jm¢f¢ä lJe¡....................................................................................................................... 71 j¡l£ l¡Je¡ ............................................................................................................................. 71 j¡l£−a Bj¡−cl avfla¡ ........................................................................................................... 72 j¡l£−a l¡Se£¢al ¢Qœ................................................................................................................ 73 j¡l£ ®b−L ¢hc¡u ...................................................................................................................... 73 l¡Ju¡m¢f¢ä−a ¢ae ¢ce ............................................................................................................. 74 Ll¡Q£−a Bj¡l LjÑavfla¡ ........................................................................................................ 74 NZf¢lo−cl A¢d−hne öl¦ q−m¡ ................................................................................................... 75 Ll¡Q£−a V£−jl avlfa¡ ............................................................................................................ 75 mh£l ¢h¢Qœ A¢i‘a¡................................................................................................................. 76 HL¢V ¢h−no Efm¢ì ................................................................................................................. 77 H fÐ−u¡Se Ha¢c−e f§lZ q−m¡..................................................................................................... 77 Bõ¡ql BCe j¡−e ¢L? ............................................................................................................. 78 lwf¤l L−mS ®b−L AfÐaÉ¡¢na ¢Q¢W ............................................................................................... 78 Ll¡Q£−a S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l p−Çjme ............................................................................................ 79 j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l p¡−b c£OÑ HL¡¿¹ p¡r¡v........................................................................................ 80 Bj¡l fÐbj fÐnÀ ....................................................................................................................... 80 Bj¡l ¢àa£u fÐnÀ ...................................................................................................................... 81 Bj¡l aªa£u fÐnÀ ...................................................................................................................... 81 S¡j¡u¡−al p−Çjm−el c¤−V¡ Ae¤ù¡e ............................................................................................... 82 S¡j¡u¡−al l¦Le p−Çjme........................................................................................................... 82 Ll¡Q£−a AhÙÛ¡e....................................................................................................................... 83 S¡j¡u¡−al Ll¡Q£ p−Çjme Efm−r jS¢m−p n§l¡uf§hÑ-f¡¢LÙ¹¡e pÇf−LÑ ¢pÜ¡¿¹ NËqZ.................................... 84 Y¡L¡ fÐaÉ¡haÑe ........................................................................................................................ 84 fÐbj fÐ¡−c¢nL Bj£l ¢ehÑ¡Qe....................................................................................................... 85 j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l Y¡L¡ BNj−el fÐÙ¹¤¢a .......................................................................................... 85 j¡Jm¡e¡l Y¡L¡ BNje .............................................................................................................. 86 j¡Jm¡e¡ j¤q¡Çjc BLl¡j M¡e...................................................................................................... 86 j¡Jm¡e¡ n¡jp¤m qL g¢lcf¤l£ ..................................................................................................... 87 f§h-Ñ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e j¡Jm¡e¡l HL¢Qõ¡ (40 ¢ce) ..................................................................................... 87 Y¡L¡u j¡Jm¡e¡l AhÙÛ¡e.............................................................................................................88 j¡Jm¡e¡l pglp§¢Q J LªaL¡S .....................................................................................................88 j¡Jm¡e¡l B−m¡QÉ ¢hou............................................................................................................. 89 5

Cpm¡j£ n¡pea¿» fÐZue ............................................................................................................. 89 j¡Jm¡e¡l p¡wNW¢eL L¡kÑœ²j....................................................................................................... 89 Y¡L¡u j¡Jm¡e¡l phÑ−no −fÐ¡NË¡j................................................................................................... 90 j¡Jm¡e¡l p¡−b O¢eù qJu¡l p¤−k¡−N ............................................................................................. 90 j¡Jm¡e¡ k¡ ¢c−u ®N−me ............................................................................................................. 91 k¤š²é¾V ¢hk¤š² q−m¡ .................................................................................................................. 91 −L−¾cÐ ¢ae L¤Qœ²£ ..................................................................................................................... 92 NieÑl ®Se¡−l−ml Nm¡u j¡m¡ fl¡−e¡l fÐ¢a−k¡¢Na¡ 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.............................................................................................101 1954 Hl fl ....................................................................................................................... 102 ü¡d£e h¡wm¡−cn..................................................................................................................... 102 haÑj¡−e h¡wm¡−c−n l¡S¯e¢aL n¢š²............................................................................................. 102 h¡wm¡−cn£ S¡a£ua¡h¡c£ n¢š² .................................................................................................... 105 l¡S¯e¢aL cm ¢q−p−h ¢hHe¢f’l j§mÉ¡ue .................................................................................... 106 fÐQ¢ma l¡S¯e¢aL cm NW−el fÜ¢a ........................................................................................... 106 l¡S¯e¢aL c−ml E−ŸnÉ .......................................................................................................... 107 Q¡lcm£u ®S¡V plL¡−ll i¡h-jkÑ¡c¡ ............................................................................................ 108 −pe¡h¡¢qe£pq ®k±b A¢ik¡e ...................................................................................................... 108 h¡wm¡−c−n Cpm¡j£ n¢š²........................................................................................................... 108 B−mj pj¡S J l¡Se£¢a.......................................................................................................... 109 Cpm¡j£ n¢š²l j−dÉ I−LÉl fÐ−u¡Se.............................................................................................110 j¡Jm¡e¡ j¡Jc§c£l pg−ll fl ....................................................................................................111 l¡S¯e¢aL ®k¡N¡−k¡N................................................................................................................112 aMeL¡l l¡S¯e¢aL f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a..................................................................................................... 113 j¡Jm¡e¡ i¡p¡e£l cmaÉ¡N J ea¤e cm NWe ....................................................................................114 BJu¡j£ m£N plL¡−ll Cpm¡j¢h−l¡d£ f¢lLÒfe¡.............................................................................114 ¢nr¡ L¢jne ¢l−fÑ¡V J pj¡−m¡Qe¡ ...............................................................................................115 ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡ NË−¿Û pj¡−m¡Qe¡l ¢L¢’v Bi¡p ........................................................................................115 L¢jn−el I j¿¹−hÉl fÐ¢ah¡c......................................................................................................116 ¢nr¡l f¤eNÑWe pÇf−LÑ Bj¡−cl fl¡jnÑ 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n¡−qc Bm£ qaÉ¡.................................................................................................................... 118 7C A−ƒ¡hl p¡j¢lL Ai¤É›¡e..................................................................................................... 118 S¡j¡u¡−al p¡wNW¢eL avfla¡ ...................................................................................................119 Sepi¡u fÐ−nÀ¡šl fhÑ .............................................................................................................. 120 Bhc¤m M¡−mL p¡−q−hl p¡−a ¢haLÑ ............................................................................................ 120 S¡j¡u¡−al LjÑ£ p−Çjme ...........................................................................................................121 Aü¡i¡¢hL f−c¡æ¢a LmÉ¡ZLl eu .............................................................................................. 122 pwNWL j¡Jm¡e¡ 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fl............................................................................................................. 136 Sej−e p¡j¢lL n¡p−el fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡............................................................................................... 137 j£l S¡g−ll ¢hc¡u ................................................................................................................. 137 ¢ae j¡p fl ......................................................................................................................... 138 3 cg¡ LjÑp§¢Q Q¡m¤.................................................................................................................. 138 cn ¢ce hÉ¡f£ a¡l¢hu¡a£ LÉ¡Çf.................................................................................................. 139 a¡l¢hu¡a£ ¢n¢h−ll LjÑp§¢Q ....................................................................................................... 140 l¡Sn¡q£−a Ae¤¢ùa cn ¢c−el 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−p¢je¡−l ®fnLªa c¡l−p L¤lBe J q¡c£p..................................................................................... 145 −Sm¡ J jqL¤j¡ nq−l ®p¢je¡l A¢ik¡e ........................................................................................ 146 Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−e ®p¢je¡l A¢ik¡−el ¢hl¡V Ahc¡e ....................................................................... 146 p¡j¢lL n¡pe fÐaÉ¡q¡−ll p§Qe¡ .................................................................................................. 147 ea¤e n¡pea¿» J ea¤e f¡mÑ¡−j¾V ................................................................................................. 148 28®n H¢fÐm (1962)-Hl ¢ehÑ¡Q−e S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l AwnNËqZ ......................................................... 148 h¤¢eu¡c£ NZa−¿»l ¢ehÑ¡Qe ¢h¢d.................................................................................................... 148 S¡a£u f¢lo−cl fÐbj A¢d−hne 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.................................................................................................... 157 q¡S£ hn£l−L ®no ¢pÜ¡¿¹ S¡e¡m¡j .............................................................................................. 158 Bj¡l i¡C-®h¡e−cl Lb¡.......................................................................................................... 158 Bj¡l ®h¡e−cl ®mM¡fs¡ .......................................................................................................... 159 Bj¡−cl ¢h−ul hÉ¡f¡−l Bî¡l e£¢a............................................................................................ 159 Bj¡−cl f¢lh¡−l jªa¤É ............................................................................................................. 160 B¢j BSL¡m ¢L Ll¢Rz............................................................................................................161 i¡C−cl c£e£ AhÙÛ¡ ..................................................................................................................161 Bj¡l p¿¹¡e−cl Lb¡ ............................................................................................................... 162 gÉ¡¢j¢m ®eCj........................................................................................................................ 163 Bpm e¡j J X¡L e¡j ............................................................................................................. 163 e¡−jl öÜ EµQ¡lZ .................................................................................................................. 163 Bj¡l ®R−m−cl ®mM¡fs¡ ......................................................................................................... 164 ü¡d£e h¡wm¡−c−n Bj¡l ®R−m−cl ¢el¡fš¡ pˆV ............................................................................. 165 −R−m−cl pˆV 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hªqšl f¡¢lh¡¢lL °hWL 28 ¢X−pðl (2001 p¡m) Bj¡l Bî¡ jlýj j¡Jm¡e¡ L¡k£ ®N¡m¡j L¢h−ll ®R−m, ®j−u, ®h±-j¡ J S¡j¡a¡, e¡¢a J e¡a-®h±, e¡ae£ J e¡ae£−cl ü¡j£ Hhw a¡−cl p¿¹¡e¡¢cl HL Sj¡−ua q−u ®N−m¡z M¤h nVÑ ®e¡¢V−n qJu¡u ph¡C nl£L q−a f¡−l¢ez k¡l¡ ¢h−c−n B−R a¡−cl j−dÉ Bj¡l −j−T ®h±-j¡ Hhw a¡l c¤’−j−u HL ®R−m ®hs¡−a Bn¡u Ef¢ÙÛa ¢R−m¡z k¡l¡ Y¡L¡l h¡C−l a¡−cl−L X¡L¡ qu¢ez Hje¢L k¡l¡ Y¡L¡ jq¡eNl£−a b¡−L a¡−cl ph¡C−LJ Mhl ®cJu¡ k¡u¢ez 8/10 hRl B−N j¡−T j¡−T H lLj °hWL Ll¡ q−a¡, a¡−cl−L c£−el ¢cL ¢c−u ANËpl Ll¡ Hhw f¡lØf¢lL ®M¡ySMhl ®eh¡l SeÉz Bj¡l Bî¡l p¿¹¡e−cl j−dÉ B¢j ph¡l hs ¢q−p−h H hÉ¡f¡−l Bj¡l c¡¢uaÅC ®h¢n h−m Ae¤ih L¢lz Bî¡J H c¡¢uaÅ f¡m−el a¡¢Nc ¢c−u ®N−Rez H c¡¢uaÅ ¢h¢iæi¡−h f¡me Ll−mJ ph¡C−L HLœ L−l ®L¡e Ae¤ù¡e H−a¡¢ce Ll¡ qu¢ez Bj¡l Qa¤bÑ ®R−m ®jSl Bkj£ Dc¤m ¢ga−ll R¤¢V Efm−r pf¢lh¡−l h¡¢s−a Bp−m¡z −p-C H Sj¡−u−al fÐÙ¹¡h Ll−m¡z B¢j pÇj¢a ¢c−u Bj¡l h¡¢s−aC H Ae¤ù¡−el B−u¡Se Ll¡l c¡¢uaÅ a¡−LC ¢cm¡jz

¯hW−Ll Bpm E−ŸnÉ l¡p§m (p) Cln¡c L−l−Re, “®a¡jl¡ fÐ−aÉ−LC l¡M¡m Hhw −a¡j¡−cl Ad£eÙÛ−cl c¡¢uaÅn£mz” H q¡c£p Ae¤k¡u£ Bjl¡ k¢c flhaÑ£ hwndl−cl−L Bõ¡ql f−b ANËpl Ll¡l SeÉ kb¡p¡dÉ ®Qø¡ e¡ L¢l, a¡q−m Bõ¡ql clh¡−l ®c¡o£ p¡hÉÙ¹ q−h¡z l¡p§m (p) p¤pwh¡c ¢c−u−Re ®k, k¢c ®LE p¿¹¡e−cl−L pvLjÑn£m ¢q−p−h Ns−a f¡−l a¡q−m a¡l jªa¤Él fl p¿¹¡e−cl ®eL Bj−m pJu¡h a¡l Bjme¡j¡uJ ®k¡N q−a b¡L−hz c¤¢eu¡ ®b−L ¢hc¡u ®eh¡l fl Bj¡l ®R−ml¡ k¢c Bõ¡q a¡Bm¡l ¢eLV ®Q¡−Ml f¡¢e ®g−m Bj¡l SeÉ ®c¡u¡ Ll¡l ®k¡NÉ e¡ b¡−L a¡q−m j¤p¢mj ¢fa¡ ¢q−p−h B¢j hÉbÑ h−m p¡hÉÙ¹ q−h¡z Bj¡−L ®R−ml¡ haÑj¡−e hÉhq¡−ll SeÉ h¡ M¡h¡l SeÉ ¢h¢iæ ¢S¢ep ®cuz jªa¤Él fl a¡l¡ Bl L£ ¢c−a f¡l−h? Hl SJu¡h q¡c£−p f¡Ju¡ k¡uz l¡p§m (p) h−m−Re, “S£¢ha−cl fr ®b−L jª−al SeÉ Efq¡l q−m¡ a¡−cl SeÉ ®N¡e¡q j¡g Q¡Ju¡z” ¢h¢iæi¡−h jª−al ¢eLV pJu¡h −fy±R¡h¡l ®Qø¡ Ll¡ quz ¢L¿º ®N¡e¡q j¡g e¡ q−m H pJu¡h Bp−m ®L¡e L¡−S Bp−h e¡z a¡C jª−al SeÉ ph−Q−u …l¦aÅf§ZÑ c¡¢uaÅ q−m¡ a¡−cl k¡ha£u ®N¡e¡q j¡g Ll¡l SeÉ ®c¡u¡ Ll−a b¡L¡ Hhw ¢Lu¡ja fkÑ¿¹ Lh−ll Bk¡h ®b−L ®qg¡k−al ®c¡u¡ Q¡C−a b¡L¡z Bjl¡ p¿¹¡e−cl rZÙÛ¡u£ f¡¢bÑh S£h−el LmÉ¡−Zl SeÉ ph¢LR¤C Ll¡l ®Qø¡ L¢lz ¢L¿º a¡−cl B¢Ml¡−al Ae¿¹L¡−ml S£h−e p¡g−mÉl …l¦aÅ LjC ¢c−u b¡¢Lz H E−Ÿ−nÉ f¡¢lh¡¢lL °hWL AaÉ¿¹ Sl¦¢lz j¡−T j¡−T hªqšl f¡¢lh¡¢lL pj¡−hn Ll¡J fÐ−u¡Sez H E−Ÿ−nÉC ®p¢ce Bj¡−cl I Sj¡−u−al hÉhÙÛ¡ quz I ¢ce phÑpÇjai¡−h ¢pÜ¡¿¹ NËqZ Ll¡ qu ®k, j¡−T j¡−T H S¡a£u Ae¤ù¡e Ll¡ q−hz

j¡Jm¡e¡ L¡k£ ®N¡m¡j L¢h−ll hwndl Bj¡l Bî¡ j¡Jm¡e¡ L¡k£ ®N¡m¡j L¢h−ll 4 ®R−m J 5 ®j−uz Bõ¡ql lqj−a Bjl¡ 4 i¡C-C S£¢haz ®h¡e−cl j−dÉ HLSe ¢h−ul hu−pC j¡l¡ ®N−R Hhw Bl HLSe 5 p¿¹¡e ®l−M jªa¤ÉhlZ L−l−Rz h¡¢L ¢ae ®h¡−el j−dÉ 2 Se Y¡L¡u Hhw 1 Se ®j¡−jen¡q£−a B−Rz B¢j ph¡l hsz Bj¡l 6 ®R−m, ®L¡e ®j−u ®eCz Bfe¡l ®R−m-®f−m LuSe, ¢S−‘p Ll−m h¢m Bj¡l ph ®R−m, ®f−m ®eCz h¡wm¡−c−n ¢ek¤š² fÐbj ®p±¢c l¡øÌc§a n¡uM g¤u¡c Bhc¤m q¡¢jc Bm M¡a£h j¿¹hÉ L−l¢R−me, “You may be father of six sons but as you have no daughter, you are not full father, you are half father.” f§ZÑ-¢fa¡ J AdÑ-¢fa¡l f¢li¡o¡ Hl B−N ö¢e¢ez Bj¡l 6 ®R−m ¢h−u L¢l−u 6¢V ®j−u ®k¡N¡s Llm¡jz 6 ®R−ml 5 SeC g¤m g¡c¡l Hhw HLSe 2 ®j−ul ¢fa¡ ¢q−p−h q¡g g¡c¡lz Bõ¡q Bj¡−L −j−u ®ce¢e h−V, ¢L¿º 12 e¡ae£ ¢c−u f¤¢o−u ¢c−u−Rez 5 ®R−ml O−l 7 e¡¢a ¢j−m 2002 p¡m fkÑ¿¹ B¢j 19 S−el c¡c¡z

9

Bj¡l ¢àa£u i¡C X¡x ®N¡m¡j j¤u¡kÚk¡−jl 2 ®R−m, k¡l 1 ®R−ml O−l 3 e¡¢a, AeÉ ®R−ml O−l 3 e¡ae£ Hhw HLj¡œ ®j−ul O−l 2 e¡¢az Hl¡ ph¡C HMeJ q¡g g¡c¡l J j¡c¡lz i¢hoÉ−a L£ q−h Bõ¡q S¡−eez Bj¡l aªa£u i¡C C¢”¢eu¡l ®N¡m¡j j¤L¡ll¡−jl HLj¡œ ®R−ml O−l 2 e¡ae£ J 1 e¡¢az a¡l 3 ®j−ul O−l 3 e¡¢a J 2 e¡ae£z Bj¡l Qa¤bÑ i¡C C¢”¢eu¡l Xx Hj j¡qc£EkÚk¡j¡−el 1 ®R−m J 4 ®j−uz ®R−ml O−l 2 e¡¢a, hs ®j−ul O−l 1 ®R−m, ¢àa£u ®j−ul pÇfÐ¢a ¢h−u q−m¡z ®R¡V 2 ®j−u A¢hh¡¢qa¡z p¡d¡lZa ®R−m J ®j−u, ®R−m−cl Ù»£ J p¿¹¡e Hhw e¡¢a−cl Ù»£ J p¿¹¡e−LC hwndl NZÉ Ll¡ quz LeÉ¡ J S¡j¡a¡−cl p¿¹¡e hw−nl A¿¹i¤Ñš² euz ®p ¢q−p−h ®L¡−ml ¢nöpq Bî¡l hwndl−cl pwMÉ¡ H fkÑ¿¹ ®j¡V 71 Sez Bî¡l 2 LeÉ¡l jªaÉ¤ l fl S£¢ha−cl pwMÉ¡ 69 Sez

28C ¢X−pð−ll Sj¡−ua Y¡L¡u AhÙÛ¡ela 3 i¡C, 2 ®h¡e, ®R¡V i¢NÀf¢a j¡Jm¡e¡ L¡k£ °puc nl£ua¤õ¡q, i¡C−cl LeÉ¡ J S¡j¡a¡ Hhw a¡−cl p¿¹¡el¡, i¡−NÀ J i¡¢NÀl f¢lh¡l ¢j−m ®j¡V 47 Se −p¢ce pj−ha quz Bj¡−cl HL i¢NÀl ®R−m 7j ®nÐZ£l R¡œ j¤h£−el L¤lBe ¢am¡Ju¡−al j¡dÉ−j Ae¤ù¡e öl¦ quz HL i¡¢aS£l ®R−m ®L¢S V¤-Hl R¡œ g¡Ju¡kJ ¢am¡Ju¡a Ll−a EÜ¤Ü q−m¡z HL i¡−NÀl LeÉ¡ 1j ®nÐZ£l R¡œ£ j¤pa¡q¢pe¡ H¢N−u H−p j¡CL q¡−a ¢e−u L¡−mj¡ a¡C−uh¡ öe¡−m¡z öÜ EµQ¡lZ ö−e Bjl¡ M¤¢n qm¡jz mrÉ Llm¡j ®k, H S¡a£u Ae¤ù¡−e ®k¡Nc¡e Ll−m ®R¡V hu−pC A−eL ®m¡−Ll p¡j−eJ hm¡l ¢qÇja pª¢ø quz Ae¤ù¡e¢V Bj¡l ®Qð¡−lC quz B¢j Bj¡l ®Qu¡−l hp¡ Hhw f¤l¦ol¡ ph¡C Bj¡l p¡j−e hp−m¡z p¡−bl c¤’L¡jl¡u j¢qm¡−cl hp¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ q−m¡z ®L¡e ®O¡oZ¡ R¡s¡C Bj¡l pi¡f¢a−aÅ Ae¤ù¡e öl¦ qmz Ae¤ù¡−el fÐÙ¹¡hL ®jSl Bj¡e Bkj£−L Hl E−ŸnÉ pÇf−LÑ hm¡l c¡¢uaÅ ¢cm¡jz ®p j¡−T j¡−T a¡l c¡c¡l hwndl−cl pj¡−h−nl fÐ−u¡Se£ua¡ pÇf−LÑ hš²hÉ ®fn Ll−m¡z ph¡C−L H ¢ho−u ja¡ja fÐL¡−nl p¤−k¡N ¢cm¡jz L−uLSe Hl pjbÑ−e hš²hÉ l¡M¡l fl pÑpÇjai¡−h ¢pÜ¡¿¹ q−u ®N−m¡z

HL AOVe O−V ®N−m¡ H Ae¤ù¡−el SeÉ f§−hÑ ®L¡e H−Sä¡ °a¢l qu¢ez HLp¡−b ph¡l M¡Ju¡l Lb¡z j¢qm¡l¡ ¢eS ¢eS h¡¢s ®b−L ¢h¢iæ lLj °a¢l M¡h¡l ¢e−u H−m¡z ¢fL¢eL M¡h¡l f¢l−hn pª¢ø q−m¡z l¡a 9 V¡ ®h−S k¡−µR, M¡Ju¡l fl ®R¡V ®R−m®j−upq h¡¢s ¢gl−a k¡−a ®h¢n l¡a e¡ qu ®p SeÉ B¢j AÒf ¢LR¤ ep£qaj§mL Lb¡ hm¡l SeÉ j¡CL Q¡Cm¡jz qW¡v X¡x ®N¡m¡j j¤u¡kÚk¡−jl hs ®R−m ®p¡q¡−um ¢h−no hš²hÉ l¡M−h h−m ®O¡oZ¡ Ll¡ q−m¡z ph¡C Kvp¤−LÉl p¡−b a¡l ¢c−L a¡L¡−m¡z ®p hmm, “OVe¡œ²−j BS−Ll ¢ce¢Vl HL ¢h−no …l¦aÅ l−u−Rz j¢qm¡−cl fr ®b−L HL¢V hs ®LL Be¡ q−u−Rz 50¢V ®R¡V ®R¡V g¤m ®L−Ll Efl p¡S¡−e¡ l−u−Rz” Bj¡−L mrÉ L−l hm−m¡, “hs Q¡Q¡l S£h−e f’¡−nl BS HL ¢hl¡V a¡vfkÑ l−u−Rz H ¢ho−u ¢a¢e ®L¡e d¡lZ¡ l¡−Me ¢L-¢e¡?” B¢j ¢hpÈ−ul p¡−b J Apq¡ui¡−h hmm¡j, “B¢j ®a¡ ¢LR¤C h¤T−a f¡l¢R e¡, Hje ¢LR¤C Bj¡l d¡lZ¡u Bp−R e¡z” Bj¡l −R¡V c¤’i¡C j¤u¡kÚk¡j J j¤L¡ll¡−jl Evg¤õ ®Qq¡l¡ ®c−M h¤T¡ ®N−m¡ ®k, a¡l¡J H pÇf−LÑ AhNaz AeÉl¡ ¢houV¡ S¡−e h−m j−e q−m¡ e¡z H f¢l−hn J f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a−a −p¡q¡−um ¢h−‘l i¢‰−a 50-Hl a¡vfkÑ pÇf−LÑ ph¡C−L AhNa Ll−m¡z ®p hm−m¡, “BS hs Q¡Q¡l ¢h−ul 50aj hoÑf¢§ aÑz” B¢j S¾jh¡¢oÑL£, ¢hh¡qh¡¢oÑL£ S¡a£u Ae¤ù¡e −L¡e pjuC L¢l e¡z Bj¡−cl hw−n ®LE ®LE L−lz k¡l¡ L−l a¡l¡ Bj¡l j−e¡i¡h S¡−e h−m S¾jh¡¢oÑL£ Ae¤ù¡−e Bj¡−L c¡Ju¡aJ ®cu e¡z AbQ ®p¢ce Bj¡l h¡¢s−a H−p Bj¡l ¢h−ul 50aj h¡¢oÑL£ f¡me L−l ®gm−m¡z a¡C HV¡−L HL¢V ‘AOVe’ ¢q−p−hC E−õM Llm¡jz f−l S¡e−a ®f−l¢R ®k, Hl j§m osk¿»L¡l£ q−m¡ Bj¡l aªa£u i¡C−ul Ù»£z OVe¡œ²−j a¡lJ ¢h−u qu 28 ¢X−pðl Hhw ®p ¢ce a¡−cl ¢h−ul 43aj h¡¢oÑL£z Bj¡l aªa£u i¡C¢VJ Bj¡l j−a¡C ®hl¢pLz ®pJ h¡¢oÑL£ S¡a£u Ae¤ù¡e L−l e¡z ¢L¿º a¡l Ù»£l f¢lLÒfe¡ pÇf−LÑ ®p S¡e−a¡ ¢L-e¡ hm−a f¡¢l e¡z I ¢ce pL¡m 10V¡u B¢j J Bj¡l Ù»£ f¢œL¡ fs¢Rm¡jz qW¡v ¢a¢e Bj¡l ¢c−L a¡¢L−u hm−me, “Bj¡−cl ¢h−ul BS f’¡n hRl q−m¡z” B¢j ö−e 10

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¢LR¤rZ HLp¡−b hp¡ AhÙÛ¡u k¡−cl p¡−b pl¡p¢l ®cM¡ qu a¡−cl f¢lQu e¡z S¡e¡ fkÑ¿¹ B¢j Aü¢Ù¹ ®h¡d L¢lz Bj¡−cl jqõ¡l jp¢S−c öd¤ e¡j¡−kl SeÉ AeÉ jqõ¡l ®m¡L p¡d¡lZa B−p e¡z ®k l¡Ù¹¡¢Vl f¡−n H jp¢Sc Ah¢ÙÛa a¡ HL¢c−L hå (Blind Road) h−m Qm¡Q−ml SeÉ H l¡Ù¹¡u N¡¢s B−p e¡z h¡C−ll ®L¡e N¡¢s H jqõ¡u L¡−l¡ h¡p¡u h¡ L¡k£ A¢g−p H−m a¡−cl j−dÉ k¡l¡ S¡j¡u¡−a e¡j¡k Bc¡u Ll¡u AiÉÙ¹, a¡l¡C jp¢S−c B−pez jp¢S−c ea¤e ®L¡e ®Qq¡l¡ ®cM−m p¤−k¡N ®f−m a¡l f¢lQu ¢eCz HV¡ M¤hC ü¡i¡¢hL ®k, B¢j k¡l f¢lQu ®eh¡l SeÉ q¡a ¢jm¡m¡j ¢a¢eJ Bj¡l f¢lQu S¡e−a Q¡C−hez ¢L¿º ¢LR¤ Hje ®m¡LJ B¢j ®f−u¢R, k¡l¡ ¢e−Sl f¢lQuV¤L¤ ®ch¡l fl Bj¡l f¢lQu ®eh¡l fÐ−u¡Se ®h¡d L−le¢ez H Aü¡i¡¢hL BQlZ a¡l¡C Ll−a f¡−le, k¡l¡ qu iuˆ¡l£, Bl e¡ qu p¡wO¡¢aL A¿¹jÑ¤M£z a−h Bj¡−L k¡l¡ hÉ¢š²Nai¡−h ¢Q−ee a¡−cl Lb¡ Bm¡c¡z HLL¡−m p¡wNW¢eL pg−l ®VÊ−e p¡l¡−cn pgl L−l¢Rz p¡−b Cpm¡j J Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me pÇf−LÑ hý hC-f¤ÙL ¹ l¡Ma¡jz C¾V¡lLÓ¡−p Qm¡C B¢j ®h¢n fR¾c Lla¡jz ®h¢n pwMÉ¡u ¢n¢ra ¢ejÀ J jdÉ¢hš ®m¡L ®pM¡−eC f¡Ju¡ k¡uz H ®c−nl ®m¡−Ll¡ ®kM¡−eC h−p, Q¤fQ¡f b¡L−a f¡−l e¡; Bm¡f-p¡m¡−f f¢l−hn plN−jl L−l a¤−mz mä−e ®cMm¡j Hl pÇf§ZÑ ¢hfl£az N¡¢s−a h¡ h¡−p HLp¡−b h−p B−R. L¡−l¡ p¡−b ®LE Lb¡ hm−R e¡z ®h¢n pwMÉL −m¡−Ll q¡−aC hC h¡ f¢œL¡, h−p h−p fs−Rz ¢VE−h (j¡¢Vl ¢e−Ql ®VÊe) ¢is q−m A−e−LC cy¡¢s−u b¡L−a quz H−a¡ ®m¡L HLp¡−b, AbQ °q ¯Q ®a¡ c§−ll Lb¡, Lb¡-h¡aÑ¡u jn…mJ ®cM¡ k¡u e¡z HV¡C I ®c−nl ®m¡−Ll üi¡hz B¢j ®c−n ®VÊ−e Qm¡l Lb¡ hm¢Rm¡jz pg−l hC f−s pju L¡V¡h¡l ¢hl¡V p¤−k¡Nz LjÑS£h−e ®a¡ R¡œS£h−el a−j¡ ¢e¢cÑø pju ¢e−u fs¡l ®V¢h−m hp¡ pñh qu e¡z hC p¡−b l¡M−m kM¢e pju f¡Ju¡ k¡u fs¡l p¤−k¡N ®eJu¡ pñhz ®VÊ−e hC fs¡l pju k¡−a AeÉ k¡œ£−cl Lb¡h¡a¡Ñl L¡l−Z Bj¡l j−e¡−k¡−N hÉ¡O¡a e¡ O−V, ®p SeÉ ph¡l q¡−aC hC a¤−m ¢c−a ®Qø¡ Lla¡jz H−a a¡l¡ Bm¡f-p¡m¡f hå L−l hC−ul ¢c−L je ¢c−a¡z B¢j mrÉ l¡Ma¡j ®k, ®L ®L j−e¡−k¡N ¢c−u hC fs−Rz ®cM¡ ®k−a¡, L−uM ¢j¢e−Vl j−dÉC ¢LR¤ ®m¡L hC q¡−a ®l−MC O¤−j ¢Tj¤−µRz 10/15 ¢j¢e−Vl j−dÉ fÐ¡u ph¡C qu O¤j¡−µR Bl e¡ qu hC hå L−l Q¤fQ¡f h−p B−Rz p¡j¡eÉ L−uLSe−LC q−u−a¡ ®cM¡ ®k−a¡ hCfs¡ AhÉ¡qa ®l−M−Rz B¢j H LuS−el e¡j-¢WL¡e¡ ®k¡N¡s L−l ®pM¡eL¡l c¡¢uaÅn£m−L f¡W¡a¡j ®k¡N¡−k¡N Ll¡l SeÉz a¡−cl j−dÉ ®LE ®LE hC ¢L−eJ ¢e−a¡z ®h¢n BNËq£ j−e q−m ¢he¡ j§−mÉJ hC ¢ca¡jz ¢hœ²−ul SeÉ k−bø hC p−‰ l¡Ma¡jz

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13

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14

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15

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p¡L¤ fÐ¡uC hm−a¡ ®k, Bõ¡q ®k−e¡ a¡−L ®h¢n¢ce ¢hR¡e¡u ®g−m e¡ l¡−Mez a¡l H ®c¡u¡ Lh¤m q−u−Rz a¡l jªaÉ¤ H−Lh¡−l qW¡v L−lJ qu¢ez a¡l ü¡ÙÛÉ ®hn i¡m ¢R−m¡z p¡j¡eÉ hÔ¡X ®fÐp¡l R¡s¡ hs ®L¡e ®l¡N ¢R−m¡ e¡z 1997 p¡−m a¡l hs ®j−u gJ¢Su¡l p¡l¡ ®c−q LÉ¡¾p¡l R¢s−u f−s−R h−m B−j¢lL¡ ®b−L Mhl Bp−m¡z p¡L¤l HLj¡œ ®R−m p¡−mql Ù»£ ¢lf¡ gJ¢Su¡l h¡¢s−a ®hs¡−a ®N−m¡z ¢lf¡ ®f−ln¡e q−u Jl BÇj¡−L (p¡−mq’l n¡ö¢s−L) −g¡−e Mhl ¢c−m¡z ¢a¢e qW¡v L−l Qlj A¢ÙÛla¡ fÐL¡n L−l p¡L¤−L MhlV¡ ®ch¡l p¡®b p¡−b p¡L¤ h¤−L BQjL¡ HL fÐQä d¡‚¡ ®M−m¡z Hlfl ®b−LC q¡VÑ fÐh−mj öl¦ quz Bõ¡ql Ap£j cu¡u gJ¢Su¡ jªa¤Él c¤u¡l ®b−L ¢g−l H−m¡z m¡−nl M¡¢Vu¡ Hhw L¡g¡−el L¡fs q¡pf¡a¡−m ®l¢X l¡M¡ q−u¢R−m¡z q¡−VÑl ¢Q¢Lvp¡l SeÉ c¤’h¡l p¡L¤ i¡l−aJ ¢N−u−Rz ¢hMÉ¡a q©c−l¡N ¢h−no‘ X¡x ®n¢V Af¡−ln−el fÐ−u¡Se ®eC hm¡l fl L−uL hRl i¡mC ¢R−m¡z jªa¤Él j¡œ 2 pç¡q f§−hÑ fÐQ™ hÉb¡ q−m q¡pf¡a¡−m ¢e−u k¡Ju¡ quz 2 h¡l ®hn Lu¢ce C−¾Ve¢pi ®Lu¡−l b¡L¡l fl X¡š²¡l H Lb¡ h−m h¡¢s−a Bp¡l Ae¤j¢a ®cu ®k, “Bfe¡l q¡VÑ naLl¡ 25 i¡N L¡S Ll−R z M¤h d£−l q¡yV−he, Lb¡ kaV¡ pñh B−Ù¹ hm−hez” H c¤’−V¡C L¡l AiÉ¡−pl ¢hfl£az ®p hm−a¡ ®k, Hi¡−h ®hy−Q ®b−L L£ m¡i? jªa¤Él O¸V¡M¡−eL B−N Bp−ll p¡m¡a Bc¡u L−l L¤lBe ¢am¡Ju¡a Ll¡l fl ¢e−Sl ¢hR¡e¡uC ®cu¡−m ®qm¡e ¢c−u hp−m¡z a¡l Ap¤−Ml Mhl −f−u gJ¢Su¡ fy¡Q ¢ce B−N B−j¢lL¡ ®b−L Bp¡l fl ph pju j¡−ul L¡−RC b¡L−a¡z ®p a¡l j¡−ul X¡ef¡−n N¡-®Oy−o ®h¡e J L’Se i¡NÀ£ hp¡z p¡L¤ ph¡l Lb¡ öe−Rz LM−e¡ j¤Q¢L q¡p−R, LM−e¡ M¤h B−Ù¹ Lb¡ hm−Rz p¤¾cl HLV¡ f¢l−hn ph¡C Ef−i¡N Ll−Rz qW¡v p¡L¤ X¡e ¢c−L L¡a q−u gJ¢Su¡l Efl Y−m fs−m¡z ®Q¡M c¤’−V¡ hs q−u ®N−m¡z Nm¡u p¡j¡eÉ HLV¤ BJu¡S öe¡ ®N−m¡z hÉpz ph¡C ®S¡−l ®S¡−l L¡−mj¡ a¡C−uh¡ EµQ¡lZ Ll−a m¡N−m¡z L¡−el L¡−R L¡−mj¡ öe¡−e¡ q−m¡z j¡œ L−uL ®p−L−äl j−dÉ ph¡l p¡j−e ¢hc¡u q−u ®N−m¡z L£ p¤¾cl jªa¤Éz c£OÑ¢ce ¢hR¡e¡u f−s Lø ®f−m¡ e¡z f¢lh¡lÙÛ L¡−l¡ hý¢ce ®ph¡ −eh¡l clL¡l q−m¡ e¡z j¡e¢pL AfÐÙ¹a AhÙÛ¡u J qW¡v jªa¤É q−m¡ e¡z AhnÉ H jªa¤É Bj¡−cl hªqšl f¢lh¡−l HL Q¡’−mÉl pª¢ø Ll−m¡z ’88 p¡−m BÇj¡ C¢¿¹L¡m Ll−me ph−Q−u hªÜ¡ AhÙÛ¡uz Hlfl HV¡C fÐbj jªa¤É q−m¡ Hje HLS−el k¡l ®Q−u hu−p hs Bj¡l ®hn L−uLSe ®hy−Q B¢Rz ®p ®k−e¡ Bj¡−cl−L jªa¤Él SeÉ fÐÙa ¤¹ qh¡l a¡¢Nc ¢c−u ®N−m¡z 53.

ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl LÉ¡Çf 1953 p¡−ml ljk¡e j¡−p Q¤u¡X¡‰¡ nq−l HL¢V q¡Cú¤−m 15 ¢c−el ®VÊ¢ew LÉ¡Çf Ae¤¢ùa quz Se¡h gL£l j¤q¡Çjc e¡jL ÙÛ¡e£u HL pµRm hÉ¢š² Hl B−u¡Se L−lez L−uLSe R¡œpq ®j¡V 31 Se 15 ¢ce HLp¡−b ¢Rm¡jz ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl fÐ¢aù¡a¡ ®p−œ²V¡¢l AdÉ¡fL Bh¤m L¡−pjC Hl f¢lQ¡mL ¢R−mez k¡l¡ nl£L ¢R−me a¡−cl j−dÉ j¡œ L−uLS−el e¡j j−e fs−Rz AdÉ¡fL Bë¤l Ng¤l, AdÉ¡fL Bë¤p p¡š¡l (L¤¢øu¡), AdÉ¡fL j¤qÇjc Cu¡L¤h (L¤¢øu¡-BCH-®a Bj¡l pqf¡W£) J R¡œn¢š²l pi¡f¢a glj¡e¤õ¡q M¡ez I ®VÊ¢ew LÉ¡Çf AdÉ¡fL Bh¤m L¡−pjC fÐd¡e B−m¡QL ¢R−mez pËø¡, pª¢øSNv J j¡e¤o pÇf−LÑ ay¡l c¡nÑ¢eL J ¯h‘¡¢eL J k¤¢š²pjªÜ hš²−hÉ B¢j j¤‡ q−u¢Rz Bõ¡ql p¡hÑ−i±jaÅ pÇf−LÑ B−m¡Qe¡l c¡¢uaÅ Bj¡l Efl ¢R−m¡z Hi¡−h ¢h¢iæ ¢ho−u B−m¡Qe¡l c¡¢uaÅ ¢h¢iæ hÉ¢š² f¡m−el fl fÐ¢a¢V ¢ho−uC fÐnÀ Ll¡ J B−m¡Qe¡u AwnNËq−Zl p¤−k¡N ®cJu¡ q−a¡z H S¡a£u ®VÊ¢ew LÉ¡−Çf B¢j AaÉ¿¹ Evp¡q ®h¡d L−l¢Rz B¢j Efm¢ì L−l¢Rz ®k, Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el j¡dÉ−j ®m¡L °a¢l Ll−a q−m H S¡a£u ¢nr¡-¢n¢hl M¤hC Sl¦¢lz Cpm¡j ®k pj¡S-¢hfÔ®hl B−¾c¡me, a¡ phÑfÐbj ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pC ®S−e¢Rz Caxf§−hÑ ‘Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me’ f¢li¡o¡ ®L¡b¡J ö¢e¢ez Cpm¡j ®k öd¤ djÑ eu, a¡ aMe Efm¢ì Llm¡jz a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a−L Cpm¡−jl djÑ£u B−¾c¡me ¢q−p−h Hhw ajŸ¤e jS¢mp−L Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me ¢q−p−h NËqZ L−l H Eiu pwNW−eC k¤Nfv L¡S L−l¢Rm¡jz lwf¤−l H c¤’−V¡lC fÐd¡e c¡¢uaÅn£m ¢q−p−h B¢j kb¡kÑ i§¢jL¡ f¡m−el ®Qø¡ L−l¢Rz

21

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Cpm¡j AbÑe£¢a pÇf−LÑ p¢WL d¡lZ¡l Ai¡h ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl ®L¾cÐ£u c¡¢uaÅn£mpq k¡−cl p¡−b 15 ¢ce L¡V¡m¡j a¡−cl pÇf−LÑ Bj¡l d¡lZ¡ q−m¡ ®k, Hl¡ ph¡C B¿¹¢lLi¡−hC Cpm¡j−L i¡−m¡h¡−pe Hhw Bõ¡q, l¡p§m (p) J L¤lB−el fÐ¢a ph¡lC jkh¤a Dj¡e l−u−Rz a¡l¡ Cpm¡j−L S¡e¡l SeÉ AaÉ¿¹ BNËq£z AdÉ−el SeÉ Cpm¡j£ p¡¢q−aÉl hsC Ai¡h ¢R−m¡ h−m Bj¡l j−a¡ a¡l¡J Cpm¡j£ ‘¡−e pjªÜ qh¡l p¤−k¡N f¡¢µR−me e¡z ¢h−noi¡−h Cpm¡j£ AbÑe£¢a pÇf−LÑ d¡lZ¡ M¤hC AØfø l−u ®N−m¡ h−m B¢j Aü¢Ù¹ ®h¡d Ll¢Rm¡jz pj¡Sa−¿»l c¤’−V¡ j§me£¢a Cpm¡−j B−R h−m Bj¡−cl d¡lZ¡ ¢R−m¡x 1. hÉ¢š²-j¡¢mL¡e¡C f¤y¢Sh¡c£ ®n¡o−Zl j§mz a¡C Cpm¡−j hÉ¢š²-j¡¢mL¡e¡ b¡L¡ ü¡i¡¢hL euz L¡lZ ®n¡o−Zl j−a¡ SOeÉ ¢hd¡e Cpm¡−j b¡L−a f¡−l e¡z “¢mõ¡¢q j¡ g£pÚp¡j¡Ju¡¢a Ju¡m Bl¢c,” Bu¡a¢V hÉ¢š²j¡¢mL¡e¡l ¢hl¦−Ü p¤Øfø ®O¡oZ¡ h−m Bjl¡ ¢hnÄ¡p Lla¡jz I Bu¡a¢Vl AbÑ q−m¡, “Bpj¡e J kj£−el k¡ ¢LR¤ B−R, H p−hl j¡¢mL¡e¡ HLj¡œ Bõ¡qlz” 2. nÐjC (Labour) Evf¡c−el HLj¡œ Ef¡c¡e (Factor) h−m Bjl¡ d¡lZ¡ Lla¡j f¤y¡¢Sl ¢hl¦−Ü Qlj ¢h−ào pª¢ø Ll¡l SeÉC pj¡Sa−¿» f¤y¢S−L Factor of Production h−m ü£L¡l Ll¡ qu e¡z H j§me£¢al f−r “m¡Cp¡ ¢mm Cep¡¢e Cõ¡ j¡ p¡B,” Bu¡a¢V Bjl¡ fÐ−u¡N Lla¡jz Hl AbÑ q−m¡, “nÐj R¡s¡ j¡e¤−ol SeÉ ¢LR¤C ®eCz” AbÑ¡v HLj¡œ nÐjC Evf¡c−el Efc¡e Hhw ®k nÐj ®c−h e¡ pÇf−c a¡l ®L¡e A¢dL¡l −eCz 1954 p¡−ml H¢fÐ−m B¢j S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£−a ®k¡Nc¡−el fl 1956 p¡−m ¢N−u Cpm¡j£ AbÑe£¢a pÇf−LÑ ®j¡V¡j¤¢V d¡lZ¡ ®fm¡jz 1956 p¡−ml S¡e¤u¡¢l−a j¡Jm¡e¡ p¡C−uc Bh¤m Bm¡ jJc§c£ phÑfÐbj f§h-Ñ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e B−pez ¢a¢e 205 ew eJu¡hf¤l ®l¡XÙÛ S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l A¢g−pC AhÙÛ¡e Ll¢R−mez ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl fÐ¢aù¡a¡ L¡−pj i¡C j¡Jm¡e¡l p¡−b ay¡l p¡r¡−al hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll−a hm−mez B¢j A¢hm−ð hÉhÙÛ¡ Llm¡j Hhw p¡r¡−al pju Ef¢ÙÛa lCm¡jz L¡−pj i¡C fÐb−j “m¡Cp¡ ¢mm Cep¡¢e Cõ¡ j¡ p¡B” Bu¡a¢V E−õM L−l nÐj−L Evf¡c−el HLj¡œ Ef¡c¡e ¢q−p−h NËqZ Ll¡l f−r ja fÐL¡n L−lez j¡Jm¡e¡ AaÉ¿¹ clcil¡ i¡o¡u hm−me, “B−l i¡C! H Bu¡a¢V L¤lB−e ka S¡uN¡u E−õM Ll¡ q−u−R, phÑœC B¢Ml¡−al fÐp−‰ H Lb¡ hm¡ q−u−Rz B¢Ml¡−a fÐ−aÉLC HLj¡œ a¡C f¡−h, k¡ ®p ¢e−S ASÑe L−l−Rz HLS−el ®c¡−ol ®h¡T¡ B−eÉl Efl ®kje Q¡f¡−e¡ q−h e¡, ®aj¢e ¢e−S ®eL Bjm e¡ Ll−m A−eÉl Bjm à¡l¡ ®LE f¡l f¡−h e¡z H e£¢a c¤¢eu¡l fÐ−u¡N Ll−m ¢nö, hªÜ J L−jÑ Arj ®L¡e j¡e¤oC p¡j¡eÉ pÇfcJ ®f−a f¡−l e¡z a¡−cl ®L¡e A¢dL¡lC b¡−L e¡z AbQ Bõ¡q a¡Bm¡ a¡−cl qL …l¦−aÅl p¡−b ¢edÑ¡lZ L−l−Rez” 22

Hlfl L¡−pj i¡C “¢mõ¡¢q j¡ ¢gpÚp¡j¡Ju¡¢a Ju¡j¡ ¢gm Bl¢c” Bu¡a EÜªa L−l hÉ¢š²-j¡¢mL¡e¡ Cpm¡−j ®eC h−m A¢ija fÐL¡n Ll−mez j¡Jm¡e¡ hm−me, “L¤lB−e ®a¡ üuw Bõ¡q a¡Bm¡C jªa hÉ¢š²l pÇf¢š−a Ešl¡¢dL¡l£−cl j¡¢mL¡e¡ ¢e¢cÑø L−l ¢c−u−Rez Cpm¡−j pÇf−cl hÉ¢š²-j¡¢mL¡e¡ Bõ¡qlC ¢pÜ¡¿¹z “¢mõ¡¢q j¡ ¢gpÚp¡j¡Ju¡¢a Ju¡m Bl¢c” Bu¡a¢Vl p¢WL AbÑ e¡ S¡e¡l g−m hÉ¢š²-j¡¢mL¡e¡ pÇf−LÑ i§m d¡lZ¡ q−a f¡−lz Bõ¡ql j¡¢mL¡e¡ ¢el×L¤lz j¡e¤−ol j¡¢mL¡e¡ Bõ¡q a¡Bm¡l ¢hd¡e à¡l¡ ¢eu¢¿»az j¡e¤o−L I Bu¡−a H Lb¡C hm¡ q−u−R ®k, ®a¡jl¡ pÇf−cl Hje hÉhq¡l Ll−a f¡−l¡z pÇf−cl Bpm j¡¢mL Bõ¡q Hhw ¢a¢eC ®a¡j¡−L pÇfc c¡e L−lez pÇf−cl Ef¡SÑe J hÉ−ul hÉ¡f¡−l ¢a¢e ®k ¢h¢d-¢hd¡e ¢c−u−Re a¡ ®j−e Qm¡ j¡e¤−ol LaÑhÉz I ph ¢h¢d Aj¡eÉ Ll¡l L¡l−ZC fy¤¢Sh¡c L¡−uj q−u−R Hhw SeNZ ®n¡o−Zl ¢nL¡l q−a h¡dÉ q−u−Rz” B¢j j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£−L ajŸ¤e jS¢mp J AdÉ¡fL Bh¤m L¡−pj pÇf−LÑ f§−hÑC d¡lZ¡ ¢c−u¢Rm¡j h−m j¡Jm¡e¡ L¡−pj i¡C−L kb¡kb jkÑ¡c¡ ¢c−u−Rez ¢n¢ra k¤hL−cl−L Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el ¢c−L X¡L¡l E−cÉ¡N ®eJu¡u j¡Jm¡e¡ L¡−pj i¡C−L j¤h¡lLh¡c S¡e¡−mez 1952 p¡−ml A−ƒ¡h−l L¡SÑe q−m ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl p−Çjme E−à¡de Ll¡l SeÉ S¡j¡u¡a ®ea¡ J m¡−q¡−ll a¡pe£j f¢œL¡l pÇf¡cL j¡Jm¡e¡ e¡pl¦õ¡q M¡e Bk£k−L A¢a¢b ¢q−p−h c¡Ju¡a ®cJu¡l Lb¡ ®S−e j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£ L¡−pj i¡C−ul fÐ¢a öL¢lu¡ S¡e¡−mez

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p−šÆJ JV¡C hÉhq¡l Ll¢Rz ®c−n ®q¡L Bl ¢h−c−n ®q¡L, pg−l ®hl q−mC JV¡ Bj¡l ¢eaÉp¡b£z kM¢e JV¡ ®Q¡−M f−s M¤l¢n−cl Lb¡ j−e quz H−a ®mM¡ B−R London-England,” 1999 p¡−m L−uLSe−L ¢c−u mä−e a¡m¡n L¢l−u¢R, f¡Ju¡ ®N−m¡ e¡z 2000 p¡−ml S¡e¤u¡¢l j¡−pl öl¦−a B¢j S¡f¡e ®Nm¡jz M¤l¢nc−L hmm¡j, ®p ®V¡¢LJ nql aæ aæ L−l a¡m¡n L−lJ ®f−m¡ e¡z f¤l−e¡ qJu¡ p−šÆJ M¤h kaÁpqL¡−l hÉhq¡l Ll¢R, fÐ−u¡Se q−m ®jl¡ja Ll¢Rz ah¤ HV¡C HLj¡œ fR−¾clz fR−¾cl hÉ¡f¡lV¡ Bm¡c¡z fR¾c k¡l k¡lz Bj¡l fR¾c h−mC AeÉ−clJ HLC ¢S¢ep fR¾c qJu¡ Sl¦¢l euz Bj¡l Bl HL BaÈ£u C¢”¢eu¡l ®N¡m¡j p¡lJu¡l l¡¢nu¡ ®b−L C¢”¢eu¡¢lw f¡p L−l Bph¡l pju Bj¡l SeÉ c¤’−V¡ ¢S¢ep ¢e−u H−m¡z aM−e¡ BaÈ£u qu¢ez Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el p¡b£ ¢q−p−hC jqîa L−l hÉhq¡−ll c¤’−V¡ ¢S¢ep H−e−Rz HLV¡ q−m¡, pg−l hÉhq¡−l¡f−k¡N£ HLV¡ hÉ¡N, k¡l j−dÉ L¡fs-®Q¡fs R¡s¡ AeÉ¡eÉ fÐ−u¡Se£u ¢S¢ep l¡M¡ k¡uz ®c−n pg−l ®hl q−m HV¡ AhnÉC p¡−b ¢e−a quz Bl HL¢V q−m¡, M¡h¡l Nlj l¡M¡l SeÉ ¢V¢ge ®L¢lu¡lz ljk¡e R¡s¡ AeÉ j¡−p ®l¡k¡ l¡M−a q−m HV¡−a M¡h¡l ®l−M ®no l¡−a M¡Cz H c¤’−V¡ hÉhq¡l Ll¡l pju ü¡i¡¢hLi¡−hC p¡lJu¡−ll Lb¡ j−e quz S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el e¡−u−h Bj£l fÐ−gpl M¤ln£c Bqjc 1991 p¡−ml heÉ¡l pju ¢l¢mg ¢e−u Y¡L¡u B−pez ¢a¢e Bj¡−L HLV¡ QjvL¡l j¡gm¡l ¢c−u ®N−Rez H j¤q−§ aÑJ ®pV¡ Bj¡l Nm¡u B−Rz B¢j HV¡ f−l B¢Rz n£aL¡m H−mC ®hl Ll−a quz Bl hÉhq¡l Ll¡l pju AhnÉC ay¡l Lb¡ j−e quz Bj¡l HL c§l-pÇf−LÑl Q¡Q¡−a¡ i¡C BCu§h, H¢mgÉ¡¾V ®l¡−X S¤a¡l ®c¡L¡−el j¡¢mLz ®p fÐ¢a hRlC Bj¡−L Hhw Bj¡l Ù»£−L ®p−äm Efq¡l ®cuz ®p−äm fl¡l pju Jl Lb¡ AhnÉC j−e B−pz c¡j ¢c−a Q¡C−mJ ¢e−a Q¡u e¡z O−l J h¡C−l Jl ®cJu¡ ®p−äm fl¡l pju J Lb¡ pÈlZ quz 54.

L¤¢øu¡ nq−l ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl p−Çjme J Sepi¡ B¢j fÐ¡u pj¡e …l¦aÅ ¢c−uC a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a J ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl c¡¢uaÅ f¡me Ll¢Rm¡jz a−h a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al ®kje p¡ç¡¢qL ¢eu¢ja LjÑp§¢Q ¢R−m¡ ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl ®aje p¡wNW¢eL L¡kÑœ²j ¢R−m¡ e¡z HLh¡l a¡hm£N£ ¢Qõ¡u b¡L¡L¡−m ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl ‘qkla Jjl (l¡) ¢chp’ f¡m−el ®f¡ØV¡lJ p¡−b ¢e−u ¢h¢m L−l¢Rz 1953 p¡−ml j¡T¡j¡¢T L¤¢øu¡ nq−l ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl HL p−Çjme Ae¤¢ùa quz c¤’¢cehÉ¡f£ p−Çjm−el ®no fkÑ¡−u E¾j¤š² A¢d−hne ¢q−p−h Sepi¡l B−u¡Se quz ¢WL I pjuC m¡−q¡−l j¡nÑ¡m m’ ®L¡VÑ LaªÑL j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£−L gy¡¢pl ýL¤j ®ch¡l Mhl ®f−u Eš² Sepi¡uC Hl a£hÐ fÐ¢ah¡c S¡¢e−u J I ýL¤j fÐaÉ¡q¡−ll c¡¢h−a fÐÙ¹¡h f¡p Ll¡ quz I Sepi¡u ¢p−m−Vl j¡Jm¡e¡ n¡M¡Ju¡a¤m B¢ðu¡ f¤¢y Sh¡−cl ¢hl¦−Ü −k ¢hfÔh£ hš²hÉ ®fn L−le, a¡−a B¢j Ae¤fÐ¡¢Za q−u¢Rm¡jz ¢a¢e f¤y¢Sh¡c£−cl c¡fV fÐcnÑ−el Ec¡qlZ ¢q−p−h p§l¡ CEp¤−g h¢ZÑa L¡l©−el dei¡™¡−ll Q¡¢h hq−el SeÉ ®k 70 Se h¢mù hÉ¢š²l fÐ−u¡Se q−a¡ a¡ EÜªa L−l Sepi¡u B−m¡se pª¢ø L−lez j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l ¢hl¦−Ü gy¡¢pl ýL¤−jl fÐ¢ah¡−c Y¡L¡u ¢LR¤ Ll¡l SeÉ ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl AeÉaj pwNWL Se¡h q¡p¡e CLh¡m J j¡Jm¡e¡ n¡M¡Ju¡a¤m B¢ðu¡ L¤¢øu¡ ®b−L Y¡L¡u ¢g−l B−pez aMe fkÑ¿¹J Y¡L¡u S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l pwNWe c¡e¡ hy¡−d¢ez a¡l¡ Y¡L¡u H−p j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤l lq£−jl p¡−b ®k¡N¡−k¡N L−l j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l jªaÉ¤ c−™l fÐ¢ah¡−c ¢LR¤ LjÑp§¢Q f¡me L−lez

ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl ¢p−mV p−Çjme 1953 p¡−m ¢p−m−VJ ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl c¤’¢clhÉ¡f£ HL p−Çjme quz p−Çjm−el fl AdÉ¡fL ®cJu¡e j¤q¡Çjc Bkl−gl pi¡f¢a−aÅ pwNW−el ®L¾cÐ£u J ÙÛ¡e£u c¡¢uaÅn£m−cl °hWL quz H °hW−L pwNW−el ®p−œ²V¡¢l ¢q−p−h AdÉ¡fL Bhc¤m Ng¤l pwNW−el ®L¾cÐ£u ¢l−f¡ÑV ®fn L−lez fÐp‰œ²−j ¢a¢e Bj¡l Lb¡ E−õM L−l j¿¹hÉ Ll−me, “AdÉ¡fL ®N¡m¡j Bkj Ešlh−‰ ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl c¡Ju¡a hÉ¡fLi¡−h ®f±y¢R−u−Re h−V, ¢L¿º ®p a¤me¡u pwNWe ®aje ¢hÙ¹¡l m¡i L−l¢ez” 24

H j¿¹hÉ ®b−L B¢j Efm¢ì Llm¡j ®k, pwNWL ¢q−p−h Bj¡−L B−l¡ avfl q−a q−hz Eš² j¿¹−hÉ Bj¡l j−dÉ ®L¡e ¢hl©f fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡ pª¢ø qu¢e; hlw pwNW−el ®L¾cÐ£u c¡¢uaÅn£m ¢q−p−h ¢a¢e a¡l f¢hœ c¡¢uaÅC f¡me L−l−Re h−m j−e L−l¢Rz S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l fÐ¡−c¢nL pqL¡l£ ®p−œ²V¡¢l ¢q−p−h c¡¢uaÅ f¡meL¡−m AdÉ¡fL Bhc¤m Ng¤−ll p¡−b Bm¡−fl p¤−k¡−N hmm¡j, “Ng¤l i¡C, ¢p−mV p−Çjme Efm−r Ae¤¢ùa p¡wNW¢eL °hW−L Bf¢e ®k j¿¹hÉ L−l¢R−me, ®p ¢ho−u Bj¡l °L¢gua B−Rz S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£−a H−p pwNW−el ®k ®VL¢eLÉ¡m ‘¡e ASÑe L−l¢R a¡ Bfe¡l¡ ®nM¡e¢ez” Ng¤l i¡C−ul p¡−b p¡ÇfÐ¢aL p¡r¡−a H Lb¡¢V E−õM Ll−m ¢a¢eJ pÈl−m −l−M−Re ®S−e M¤h i¡−m¡ m¡N−m¡z

AdÉr Bh¤m L¡−pj f’¡−nl cn−LC AdÉ¡fL Bh¤m L¡−pj ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl ®p−œ²V¡¢ll c¡¢uaÅ J pç¡¢qL °p¢e−Ll pÇfce¡l …l¦i¡l AdÉ¡fL Bhc¤m Ng¤−ll Efl AfÑZ L−l hwm¡ L−mS L¡−uj J EµQ ¢nr¡l f¡WÉhC h¡wm¡u lQe¡ Ll¡u pÇf§ZÑ BaÈ¢e−u¡N L−lez fÐb−j hMn£ h¡S¡−l Ah¢ÙÛa ehL¤j¡l ú¤−mC h¡wm¡ L−m−Sl p§Qe¡ quz j£lf¤−l Ah¢ÙÛa haÑj¡−e h¡wm¡ L−mS¢V AdÉr Bh¤m L¡−p−jlC ALÓ¡¿¹ f¢lnÐ−jl gpmz H L−m−Sl j¡dÉ−jC ¢a¢e AdÉ¡fL ®b−L AdÉr fc¢h−a Eæ£a qez h¡wm¡ i¡o¡u EµQ¢nr¡l Ef−k¡N£ ¢h‘¡−el hC Ae¤h¡c J lQe¡u ay¡l ¢hl¡V Ahc¡e ®LE Aü£L¡l Ll−a f¡−l e¡z HL pju L¡−pj i¡C Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el f¢bLª−al i§¢jL¡ f¡me Ll−mez AbQ h¡wm¡ L−mS ÙÛ¡fe−L ¢a¢e fÐ¡d¡eÉ ®cJu¡u Bj¡l j−e ay¡l ¢hl¦−Ü A¢i−k¡N ¢R−m¡z L¡lZ ay¡−L B¢j Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el ®ea¡ ¢q−p−h i¡−m¡h¡pa¡j Hhw Bõ¡ql A¢üaÅ J Cpm¡−jl ®nÐùaÅ pÇf−LÑ ay¡l hš²hÉ Bj¡l ¢eLV BLoÑZ£u ¢R−m¡z haÑj¡e Cpm¡¢jL g¡E−än−el f§−hÑ ‘Cpm¡j£ HL¡−Xj£’ e¡−j plL¡¢l p¡q¡kÉf¤ø HL¢V fÐ¢aù¡e ¢R−m¡z f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡m−el fÐMÉ¡a ®ea¡ Se¡h Bh¤m L¡−pj aMe HL¡−X¢jl fÐd¡e ¢R−mez ¢a¢e Cpm¡−jl cª¢ø−a S¾j¢eu¿»Z pÇf−LÑ B−m¡Qe¡l SeÉ Bj¡−L c¡Ju¡a ¢c−mez ®k−u ®cMm¡j, ®pM¡−e AdÉ¡fL Bh¤m L¡−pj, Y¡L¡ B¢mu¡ j¡cl¡p¡l AdÉ¡fL j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤l l¡qj¡e L¡nNl£ J Cpm¡¢jL g¡E−än−el p¡−hL ¢X¢S O¡c¡e£ pcpÉ j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤m BEu¡m Bj¢¿»a−cl j−dÉ n¡¢jm l−u−Rez AdÉ¡fL Bh¤m L¡−p−jl B−m¡Qe¡ Bj¡l ¢eLV M¤hC fR¾ce£u j−e q−m¡z a¡C ay¡l j−a¡ hÉ¢š²l Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el juc¡−e Ae¤f¢ÙÛa b¡L¡ Bj¡l ¢eLV kb¡bÑ j−e qu¢ez H ¢ho−u ay¡l p¡−b ¢ha−LÑ ¢mç qJu¡J pj£Q£e j−e L¢l¢ez

ajŸ¤e jS¢mp B−l¡ p¢œ²u ®q¡L p¡wúª¢aL A‰−e Cpm¡j ¢h−l¡d£ H−a¡ pwNWe B−R ®k, H−cl ®j¡L¡¢hm¡u Cpm¡j£ pwNWe M¤hC eNZÉ pwMÉL l−u−Rz HV¡ AaÉ¿¹ Be−¾cl ¢hou ®k, ¢hNa c¤’cn−L ¢nÒf, p¡¢qaÉ, N¡e, e¡VL CaÉ¡¢c ®r−œ ¢LR¤ pwMÉL Hje pwNWe N−s E−W−R, k¡l¡ Cpm¡j−L j§m BcnÑ J mrÉ ¢q−p−h NËqZ L−l−Rz Cpm¡j£ S£he¡c−nÑl ¢i¢š−a p¡wúª¢aL pwNWe ¢q−p−h ajŸ¤e jS¢mp H ®c−n phÑ¡−fr¡ fÐ¡Q£ez l¡øÌi¡o¡ B−¾c¡m−el E−cÉ¡š²¡ ¢q−p−h ajŸ¤e jS¢mp I¢aq¡¢pL jkÑ¡c¡l A¢dL¡l£z a¡C ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl H juc¡−e B−l¡ ANËZ£ i§¢jL¡ f¡m−el fÐ−u¡Se l−u−Rz B¢j jS¢m−pl haÑj¡e i¡lfÐ¡ç pi¡f¢a LjÑh£l Se¡h H, ®SX. Hj n¡jp¤m Bmj J −p−œ²V¡¢l AdÉ¡fL Bhc¤m Ng¤−ll Efl BÙÛ¡ l¡¢M ®k, jS¢mp−L a¡l¡ B−l¡ H¢N−u ®e−hez B¢j L¡je¡ L¢l ®k, Cpm¡j£ Bc−nÑl d¡lL p¡wúª¢aL pwNWe…−m¡l j−dÉ O¢eù pÇfLÑ N−s EW¤L Hhw O¡c¡e£−cl ®eaª−aÅ f¢lQ¡¢ma ab¡L¢ba p¡wúª¢aL ®S¡−Vl Afpwúª¢aL L¤fÐi¡h ®b−L ®cnh¡p£−L lr¡l L¡kÑLl f¢lLÒfe¡ NËqZ Ll¦Lz

25

B¢j ®L¡e l¡S¯e¢aL c−ml p¡−b p¡−b S¢sa ¢Rm¡j e¡ B¢j lwf¤−l a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al Bj£l J ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl fÐd¡e c¡¢uaÅn£m ¢Rm¡jz aM−e¡ S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ e¡j ®L¡e pwNWe B−R h−m S¡ea¡j e¡z ajŸ¤e jS¢m−pl j¡dÉ−j j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l ®mM¡ Cw−lS£−a Ae§¢ca ‘The Process of Islamic Revolution’ and ‘Political theory of Islam’ hC c¤¢V Hhw ‘HLj¡œ djÑ’ e¡−j ®L¡mL¡a¡ ®b−L fÐL¡¢na hC¢V f−s ®mM−Ll ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡u AhnÉC fÐi¡h¡¢ða q−u¢Rz ¢L¿º I Lu¢V hC ®b−L ®L¡e pwNW−el d¡lZ¡ pª¢ø qu¢ez B¢j ®L¡e l¡S¯e¢aL c−ml p¡−b pÇf¢LÑa qC¢ez ®Mm¡g−a l¡îe¡£ f¡¢VÑl ®ea¡ ¢q−p−h Se¡h Bhc¤m q¡−nj lwf¤l pg−l ®N−m a¡l Sepi¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ L−l ¢cm¡jz ¢L¿º a¡l c−m ®k¡Nc¡e L¢l¢ez f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡m−el R¡œ-LjÑ£ ¢q−p−h B¢j Se¡h Bh¤m q¡−n−jl hš²ªa¡l iš² ¢Rm¡j h−m a¡l j−a¡ ®ea¡l HV¤L¤ ®Mcja Ll¡ LaÑhÉ j−e L−l¢Rz l¡øÌi¡o¡ B−¾c¡m−el j¡dÉ−j Bj¡l ®k f¢l¢Q¢a ¢R−m¡ Hl g−m l¡S¯e¢aL c−ml fr ®b−L Bj¡−L V¡e¡l pñ¡he¡ ®a¡ ¢R−m¡Cz phÑfÐbj j¤p¢mj m£−Nl fr ®b−L Bqh¡e ®fm¡jz aMe Se¡h j¢nEl lqj¡e k¡c¤ ¢ju¡ lwf¤l ®Sm¡ j¤p¢mj m£−Nl −ea¡z ¢a¢e HLSe HX−i¡−LV−L Bj¡l ¢eLV f¡W¡−mez ¢a¢e ®k¡NÉa¡l p¡−bC c¡Ju¡a ¢c−mez hm−me, “Bf¢e R¡œS£h−e f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡m−el p¢œ²u ¢R−mez Bf¢e j¤p¢mj S¡a£ua¡ J Cpm¡j£ Bc−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£z j¤p¢mj m£−Nl ®eaª−aÅC f¡¢LÙ¹¡e L¡−un quz a¡C j¤p¢mj m£−N Bfe¡l j−a¡ ®ea¡l hsC fÐ−u¡Sez Bf¢e pÇj¢a ¢c−u k¡c¤ ¢ju¡ p¡h Bfe¡l p¡−b p¡r¡v Ll−hez”

−Le j¤p¢mj m£N fR¾c Llm¡j e¡ j¤p¢mj m£N plL¡l ®L−¾cÐ J fÐ−c−n Cpm¡j£ Bc−nÑl p¡−b ®k Qlj ¢hnÄ¡pO¡aLa¡ Ll−m¡ a¡−a j¤p¢mj m£−Nl ¢hl¦−Ü B¢j ¢hr¤Ü ®a¡ ¢Rm¡jC, ac¤f¢l h¡wm¡−L l¡øÌi¡o¡ Ll¡l hÉ¡f¡−l a¡−cl BQlZ I ®r¡i−L B−l¡ a£hÐal L−l ¢c−m¡z a¡R¡s¡ j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l ‘Process of Islamic Revolution’ hC¢V f−s B¢j ¢e¢ÕQa qm¡j ®k, j¤p¢mj m£N à¡l¡ Bl k¡C ®q¡L Cpm¡−jl p¡j¡eÉ ®McjaJ Bn¡ Ll¡ k¡u e¡z Se¡h k¡c¤ ¢ju¡l fr ®b−L ¢k¢e H−p¢R−me a¡−L H Lb¡ h−m ¢hc¡u Llm¡j ®k, “B¢j ®L¡e l¡S¯e¢aL c−m ®k¡Nc¡e Ll¡l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ HM−e¡ ¢eC¢ez” a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a J ajŸ¤e jS¢m−p p¢œ²u b¡L¡u B¢j Hje ®L¡e l¡S¯e¢aL c−m ®k¡Nc¡−el SeÉ j¡e¢pL ¢cL ¢c−u ®j¡−VC fÐÙ¹¤a ¢Rm¡j e¡, ®k cm−L Cpm¡j£ ¢q−p−h NZÉ Ll¡ k¡u e¡z j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l EfkÑ¤š² hC¢V Bj¡−L Cpm¡j£ l¡S¯e¢aL c−ml Hje Øfø d¡lZ¡ ¢c−u−R, ®p j¡−fl ®L¡e cm B−R h−m Bj¡l j−e qu¢ez

m¡−q¡l j¤p¢mj m£−Nl m¡ −q¡l fÐÙ¹¡h 1940 p¡−ml 2 j¡QÑ m¡−q¡−l ¢e¢Mm i¡la j¤p¢mj m£−Nl p−Çjm−e L¡−u−c Bkj j¤q¡Çjc Bm£ ¢Sæ¡ql pi¡f¢a−aÅ ®n−l h¡wm¡ gSm¤m q−Ll ®fnLªa ®k fÐÙ¹¡h¢V f¡p qu, a¡ ‘m¡−q¡l fÐÙ¹¡h’ e¡−j MÉ¡az Eš² fÐÙ¹¡−h i¡la£u j¤pmj¡e−cl−L Aj¤p¢mj−cl ®b−L fªbL HL¢V S¡¢a ¢q−p−h ®O¡oZ¡ Ll¡ qu Hhw i¡l−al ®kph fÐ−c−n j¤pmj¡e−cl pwMÉ¡ ®h¢n I ph Hm¡L¡u j¤pmj¡e−cl fÐbL l¡øÌ L¡−u−jl ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ®O¡oZ¡ Ll¡ quz N¡å£ J ®eql¦l ®eaª−aÅ f¢lQ¡¢ma C¢äu¡e eÉ¡ne¡m Lw−NË−pl c¡¢h ¢R−m¡ ®k, i¡lah¡p£ ¢q¾c¤-j¤p¢mj HL S¡¢a Hhw ¢hÐ¢Vn n¡pe ®b−L j¤¢š²l fl ®N¡V¡ i¡la HL¢V ¢hl¡V ü¡d£e l¡øÌ ¢q−p−h BaÈfÐL¡n Ll−hz a¡l¡ ®Q−u¢R−m¡ R−mh−m ®L±n−m NZa−¿»l ®c¡q¡C ¢c−u j¤pmj¡e−cl Efl ¢q¾c¤−cl fÐia ¤ Å L¡−uj Ll−az j¤p¢mj m£N HC Qœ²¡¿¹ ®b−L j¤pmj¡e−cl lr¡ Ll¡l SeÉ Two Nation Theory (¢à-S¡¢aaaÅ)-Hl ¢i¢š−a j¤pmj¡e−cl fªbL ü¡d£e l¡−øÌl c¡¢h L−lz H ¢bJ¢ll c¡¢h q−m¡, Cpm¡j£ S£hec−nÑl ¢i¢š−a j¤p¢mjNZ fªbL HL S¡¢a, k¡l¡ ü¡d£e fªbL l¡øÌ L¡−uj Ll−hz a¡ e¡ q−m Cw−lS−cl ®N¡m¡¢j ®b−L j¤¢š² −f−mJ j¤pmj¡e−cl−L ¢q¾c¤−cl Ad£eÙÛ b¡L−a h¡dÉ q−a q−hz HV¡C m¡−q¡l fÐÙ¹¡−hl jjÑLb¡z 1939 p¡−m j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£ i¡la£u k¤š² S¡a£ua¡l ¢hl¦−Ü j¤p¢mj−cl fªbL S¡a£ua¡l f−r ‘Cpm¡j J S¡a£ua¡h¡c’ e¡−j ®k f¤Ù¹L lQe¡ L−le, a¡ j¤p¢mj m£−Nl V¤-®ene ¢bJ¢ll f−r AaÉ¿¹ pq¡uL i§¢jL¡ f¡me L−lz j¤pm£j m£−Nl ®ea¡NZ hÉ¡fLi¡−h H hC¢V fÐQ¡l L−lez Bm£Ns j¤p¢mj ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡mu f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡m−el hs ®L¾cÐ ¢R−m¡z j¡Jm¡e¡ I hC¢V J Lw−NË−pl ¢hl¦−Ü ay¡l h¢mù ®mMe£ Bm£N−sl j¡Jm¡e¡l Se¢fÐua¡ hª¢Ü L−lz g−m 26

1940 p¡−ml ®p−ÃVð−l j¡Jme¡−L Bm£Ns ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m−u ‘Cpm¡j£ l¡øÌ ¢Li¡−h L¡−uj qu’ H ¢ho−u hš²ªa¡l SeÉ c¡Ju¡a ®cJu¡ quz j¡Jm¡e¡l I hš²ªa¡¢VC “Process of Islamic Revolution” e¡−j Cw−l¢S−a fÐL¡¢na quz

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AdÉ¡fL Bpq¡−Ll p¡−b B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−m S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l fÐ¢a BLoÑZ hª¢Ü f¡uz ¢a¢e Bj¡l H A¢ÙÛla¡l j−dÉ ¢e−S p¤¢ÙÛl q−u ®N−me, ®c−M ¢h¢pÈa qm¡jz AhnÉ a¡−L ®L¡e ¢LR¤ aÉ¡N Ll−a q−µR e¡ h−m qu−a¡ ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ®eJu¡ Bj¡l ®Q−u a¡l SeÉ pqS q−u b¡L−a f¡−lz AdÉ¡fL Cpq¡L ®qc¡u¡a hC¢V f−s j¿¹hÉ Ll−me ®k, Bõ¡ql p¡−b pÇf−LÑl Hje QjvL¡l d¡lZ¡ Caxf§−hÑ f¡C¢ez B¢j hC¢V f−s Bõ¡ql clh¡−lC d¡le¡ ¢c−a b¡Lm¡j, k¡−a ¢a¢e Bj¡−L p¢WL ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢e−a p¡q¡kÉ L−lez I pju Bj¡l Ù»£ J ®R¡V ®R¡V c¤−V¡ ®R−m Bj¡l nÄöl h¡¢s−a b¡L¡u Hhw L−mS hå b¡L¡u l¡a¢ce HLC ¢Q¿¹¡i¡he¡ ¢e−u jš ¢Rm¡jz N¡Ch¡å¡u ¢N−u Se¡h Bhc¤m M¡−m−Ll p¡−b B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−h¡ i¡h¢Rm¡jz ®L¡e ¢ho−u ¢pÜ¡¿¹ NËqZ Ll−a Hje ¢hhÐa AhÙÛ¡u Caxf§−hÑ LM−e¡ f−s¢R h−m j−e f−s e¡z c¤’pç¡q Hi¡−hC L¡V−m¡z Bhc¤m M¡−mL p¡−q−hl HL ¢Q¢W ®f−u Evp¡q ®h¡d Llm¡jz ¢a¢e S¡e¡−me ®k, N¡Ch¡å¡ ¢jE¢e¢pfÉ¡m f¡−LÑ S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l fr ®b−L Ešlh−‰l HL p−Çjme Ae¤¢ùa q−hz H−a Y¡L¡ ®b−L ®eaªhª¾c Bp−hez B¢j ®k−e¡ AhnÉC H−a Ef¢ÙÛa qCz B¢j ®a¡ N¡Ch¡å¡ k¡h¡l Lb¡ ¢h−hQe¡ Ll¢Rm¡jCz p−Çjme q−m S¡j¡u¡a−L B−l¡ i¡−m¡i¡−h S¡e¡l p¤−k¡N q−hz j−e ¢LR¤V¡ ¢ÙÛla¡ ®h¡d Llm¡j J k¡h¡l ¢ce …Z−a b¡Lm¡jz 56.

S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l N¡Ch¡å¡ p−Çjme 1954 p¡−ml H¢fÐm j¡pz Se¡h Bhc¤m M¡−m−Ll c¡Ju¡afœ f¡Ju¡l fl Bj¡l A¢ÙÛl j−e ¢LR¤V¡ p¡šÆe¡ ®f−u p−Çjm−el A−fr¡u ¢Rm¡jz pL¡−ml ®VÊ−eC k¡Ju¡l CµR¡ ¢R−m¡z ¢L¿º Y¡L¡ ®b−L a¡hm£−Nl Bj£l j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤m Bk£k c¤¤f−¤ l lwf¤l ®fy±R¡l Lb¡z a¡hm£−N ¢a¢eC Bj¡l fÐbj J fÐd¡e EÙ¹¡cz lwf¤−l B¢j a¡hm£−Nl Bj£lz ¢hl¡V pjpÉ¡u fsm¡jz Bj¡−L ®a¡ N¡Ch¡å¡ ®k−aC q−hz ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢em¡j ®k, Bj¡l ®R¡V i¡C j¡qc£−L (lwf¤l L−m−S BCHp¢p’l R¡œ) l¡wf¤l −lm−øne ®b−L j¡Jm¡e¡ p¡−qh−L a¡hm£−Nl ®L¾cÐ£u jp¢S−c ®fy±R¡h¡l c¡¢uaÅ ¢c−u B¢j N¡Ch¡å¡ Q−m k¡−h¡z lwf¤l ®lm−ØVn−e Y¡L¡-¢ce¡Sf¤l Bf J X¡Ce ®VÊe c¤¢V c¤f¤l 1V¡ ®b−L ®csV¡l j−dÉ œ²¢pw L−lz Y¡L¡ ®b−L Bp¡ ®VÊe B−N ®fy±−R Hhw B−NC ®R−s k¡uz B¢j j¡Jm¡e¡ p¡−qh−L ®VÊe ®b−L Ahal−Zl pju AiÉbÑe¡ S¡¢e−u AaÉ¿¹ ¢he−ul p¡−b N¡Ch¡å¡ Q−m k¡¢µR h−m S¡e¡m¡jz j¡qc£ ay¡−L j¡¢qN” jp¢S−c ¢e−u k¡−h h−m f¢lQu L¢l−u ¢c−u Y¡L¡N¡j£ ®VÊ−e EW¡l SeÉ ¢hc¡u ¢em¡jz j¡Jm¡e¡ p¡−qh ¢hpÈ−ul qah¡L q−u Bj¡l ¢c−L a¡¢L−u lC−mez ¢LR¤ ¢S−‘p Ll¡l j−a¡ j−e¡i¡hJ ay¡l ¢R−m¡ e¡z HV¡C ü¡i¡¢hL f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a ¢R−m¡z ay¡l p¡−b Bj¡l ®k jqî−al pÇfLÑ ¢R−m¡ a¡−a ¢a¢e LÒfe¡J Ll−a f¡−le¢e ®k, B¢j Hje BQlZ Ll−a f¡¢lz ay¡l Bp¡l Mhl ®S−eJ Hi¡−h B¢j AeÉ ®L¡e L¡−S Q−m ®k−a f¡¢l, a¡ ay¡l f−r ¢hnÄ¡p Ll¡ Apñh ¢R−m¡z rj¡ fÐ¡bÑe¡ L−l ¢hc¡u ®eJu¡l ®Q−u −h¢n pjuJ q¡−a ¢R−m¡ e¡z Bj¡l i¡C ®b−L ¢a¢e S¡e−a f¡l−me ®k, B¢j N¡Ch¡å¡u S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l p−Çjm−e ®k¡Nc¡e Ll¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ ¢N−u¢Rz B¢j f−l S¡e−a ®f−l¢R ®k, ¢a¢e lwf¤l ®b−L m¡−q¡−l a¡hm£−N ¢Qõ¡la Bj¡l Bî¡−L ¢Q¢W ¢m−M S¡e¡−me ®k, B¢j e¡¢L L¡¢cu¡e£ S¡j¡u¡a ®b−LJ A¢dLal …jl¡q HL S¡j¡u¡−a nl£L q−u ®N¢Rz

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30

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H ¢hl¡V c¡¢uaÅ ¢a¢e 23 hRl h¡Ù¹−h f¡me L−lez H c¡¢uaÅ f¡meL¡−m kMe kaV¤L¤ ®qc¡u¡a fÐ−u¡Se a¡ ¢Shl¡‰m (B) l¡p§m (p)-Hl ¢eLV Bhª¢š L−l öe¡−aez H p−hl pj¢øC q−m¡ NË¿ÛL¡−l pwL¢ma 30 f¡l¡l L¤lBez Bõ¡q a¡Bm¡ HL p¡−b ¢m¢Ma NË¿Û ¢q−p−h L¤lBe e¡¢km L−le¢ez g−m eh£ Ll£j (p) ®no 23 hR−l k¡ L−l−Re a¡ h−m−Re Hl phV¤L¤C L¤lB−el h¡Ù¹h hÉ¡MÉ¡z ay¡l 40 hRl hu−p ®ql¡…q¡u fÐbj Jq£ e¡¢km qJu¡l fl ®b−L 63 hRl hu−p c¤¢eu¡ −b−L ¢hc¡u ®eh¡l f§hÑ fkÑ¿¹ H c£OÑ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el C¢aq¡p ®b−L ¢h¢µRæ L−l L¤lB−el Bu¡a…−m¡−L öd¤ Blh£ i¡o¡l f¡¢™aÉ ¢e−u AdÉue Ll−m L¤lB−el Bpm jjÑ h¤T¡ ¢LR¤−aC pñh q−h e¡z L¤lBe Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me f¢lQ¡me¡l N¡CX h¤Lz B−¾c¡me ®b−L Bm¡c¡ L−l L¤lBe h¤T¡ pÇf§ZÑ Apñhz l¡p§m (p) Bõ¡ql c£e−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡l ®k pgm B−¾cme L−l−Re I S¡a£u B−¾c¡m−e k¡l¡ p¢œ²u i§¢jL¡ f¡me L−le a¡l¡C L¤lB−el jjÑh¡Z£ Efm¢ì Ll−a prjz L¡lZ B−¾c¡me Ll−a ¢N−u a¡−cl−LJ I ph Oy¡¢V, pjpÉ¡ J f¢l¢ÙÛ¢al pÇj¤M£e q−a qu, k¡l pj¡d¡e L¤lB−e ®fn Ll¡ q−u−Rz aMe j−e q−h ®k pw¢nÔø Bu¡a…−m¡ ®ke a¡−cl SeÉC e¡¢km q−u−Rz Hi¡−hC L¤lBe Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el j¤S¡¢qc−cl ¢eLV a¡l jjÑh¡Z£ p¤Øføi¡−h a¤−m d−lz”

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38

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“j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤m Bk£k−L B¢j ¢Q¢ez ¢a¢e e¡ ®S−e Hje Lb¡ ¢mM−a f¡−le e¡z B¢j Bl ®L¡e Lb¡ öe−a Q¡C e¡z ®a¡j¡−L a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−a ¢g−l Bp−a q−hz” Caxf§−hÑ B¢j LM−e¡ H−a¡hs pwL−V f¢s¢ez ®p Bî¡−L fÐ¡Z ¢c−u i¡−m¡−h−p H−p¢R, k¡l −L¡e A−k±¢š²L B−cn fkÑ¿¹ LM−e¡ Aj¡eÉ L¢l¢e, k¡l p¡j−e ®L¡e Afl¡−dl °L¢gua ®ch¡l p¡qpJ f¡C¢e, k¡l Ap¿º¢øl i−u ay¡l j¢SÑl ®Mm¡g LM−e¡ Q¢m¢e, BS ®p jq¡e Bî¡l p¡−b ¢haLÑ Ll−a h¡dÉ q−u Qlj ¢hhÐa−h¡d Llm¡jz L−uM ¢j¢eV j¡b¡ ea L−l Q¤f q−u lCm¡jz ¢a¢e e¡ h¤−T AeÉ¡u Q¡f fÐ−u¡N Ll−Re, H Lb¡ Efm¢ì L−l Apq¡−ul j−a¡ ®Q¡M a¤−m Bî¡l ¢c−L a¡¢L−u B¢Rz aMe Bj¡l ®Q¡M ®b−L A¢hl¡j f¡¢e fs−Rz −k ®R−m ®L¡e¢ce p¡j¡eÉ Ah¡dÉ qu¢e, BS ®p a¡l ¢pÜ¡−¿¹ H−a¡V¡ cªt J AVm ®c−M ¢a¢eJ ¢hhÐa−h¡d Ll−mez Bj¡l AhÙÛ¡ ®c−M qu−a¡ j¡u¡J m¡N−m¡z elj p¤−l Ly¡−c¡ Ly¡−c¡ AhÙÛ¡u hm−mex “c¤¢eu¡u a¤¢j Bj¡l p¿¹¡e−cl fbfÐcnÑL q−h Hhw B¢Ml¡−a ®a¡j¡l Ep£m¡u j¤¢š² f¡−h¡, H Bn¡ ¢e−u ®hy−Q B¢Rz ®a¡j¡−L Bõ¡ql f−b ANËpl ®c−M Bõ¡ql clh¡−l q¡¢Sl q−h¡ j−e L−l p¡šÆe¡ ®h¡d Ll¢Rm¡jz a¤¢j ®L¡e ï¡¿¹ f−b ®k−a f¡−l¡, Hje Bnˆ¡ B¢j LM−e¡ L¢l¢ez ®a¡j¡l SeÉ ®a¡j¡l c¡c¡ ®c¡u¡ L−l ®N−Re Hhw A−eL Bn¡ ¢e−u c¤¢eu¡ ®b−L ¢hc¡u ¢e−u−Rez L£ ®f−ln¡e£ B¢j ®i¡N Ll¢R a¡ ®a¡j¡−L h¤T¡−a f¡l−h¡ e¡z Bî¡ b¡j−me Hhw ay¡l ®Q¡−M f¡¢e hC−a b¡L−m¡z B¢j ay¡l c¤’f¡ S¢s−u d−l p¡šÆe¡ ®ch¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ hmm¡jx “Bî¡, B¢j c¤¢eu¡l p¡j¡eÉ ü¡−bÑJ H ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ®eC¢ez Cpm¡j pÇf−LÑ Hje hÉ¡fL d¡lZ¡ f§−hÑ f¡C¢ez L¤lB−el Hje fÐ¡Z j¡a¡−e¡ hÉ¡MÉ¡J Caxf§−hÑ ö¢e¢ez B¢j ¢e¢ÕQa ®k, Bf¢e L−uL¢V hC fs−mC p¢WL d¡lZ¡u ®fy±R−hez B¢j Lu−L¢V hC Bfe¡−L ¢c¢µRz pç¡qM¡−eL flC NË£oÈ J J ljk¡e ¢j−m c¤’j¡−pl R¤¢V−a Y¡L¡u b¡L−h¡ Cen¡Bõ¡qz aMe ¢hÙ¹l B−m¡Qe¡l pju f¡Ju¡ k¡−hz Bî¡l ®Qq¡l¡l ¢c−L a¡¢L−u j−e q−m¡ ®k, Bf¡aa pwLV ®L−V ®N−m¡z fl¢ce Bî¡ Y¡L¡ ¢g−l ®N−mez Bhc¤m M¡−mL p¡−qh ®k c¤’−V¡ hC phÑfÐbj ¢c−u¢R−me, ®p c¤’−V¡l p¡−b j¡Jm¡e¡ Bj£e Bqp¡e Cpm¡q£l ‘c¡Ju¡−a c£e ®L a¡l£−L L¡l’ (c£−el c¡Ju¡−al fÜ¢a) hC¢VJ ¢c−u ¢cm¡jz

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¢fa¡ J p¿¹¡−el pÇf−LÑC Hje ®k, ®L¡e ¢ho−u ¢haLÑ q−m p¿¹¡−el ¢eLV ¢fa¡l fl¡Su ü£L¡l Ll¡ jeÙ¹¡¢šÆL ¢cL ¢c−u Apñhz ¢fa¡ k¡ hm−h p¿¹¡e−L a¡ ®j−e ¢e−a q−hz HV¡C ¢fa¡l jkÑ¡c¡l c¡¢hz p¿¹¡−el k¤¢š²l ¢eLV ¢fa¡l e¢a ü£L¡l Ll¡ Ah¡Ù¹hz ®k f−b B¢j Qm¢R HV¡ p¢WL eu fÐj¡Z Ll¡l j−a¡ ®L¡e k¤¢š²C Bî¡l L¡−R ¢R−m¡ e¡z AbQ ¢a¢e j−e Ll−Re −k, B¢j ï¡¿¹ f−b B¢Rz B¢j k¤¢š² ¢c−u p¢WL f−b Qm¢R h−m fÐj¡Z Ll¢Rz ka ¢he−ul p¡−bC B¢j k¤¢š²-fÐj¡Z ®fn L¢l aaC Bî¡l ¢hl¢š² hª¢Ü f¡¢µR−m¡z B¢j Qlj ¢hhÐaLl f¢l¢ÙÛ¢al pÇj§M£e qm¡jz Bj¡l ®R¡V i¡C−ul HL¢V QjvL¡l Lb¡ f¢l−hnV¡ qW¡v L−lC A−eLV¡ n¡¿¹ Ll−a prj q−m¡z ®p hm−m¡x “Bî¡, Bj¡l L¡−R HV¡ M¤hC i¡−m¡ m¡N−R ®k, hý f¢lh¡−l ¢fa¡-f¤œ J i¡C i¡C pÇf¢š ¢e−u TNs¡ L−lz Bl Bj¡−cl h¡¢s−a Bõ¡ql c£e ¢e−u ¢haLÑ q−µRz H−a B¢j A−eL Lb¡ ¢nMh¡l p¤−k¡N ®f−u¢Rz Bfe¡l¡ c¤’SeC Cpm¡j pÇf−LÑ BlJ fs¡−n¡e¡ L−l Hi¡−h B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−m Bj¡l ®nM¡l p¤−k¡N BlJ ®h−s k¡−hz A−eL ®i−h-¢Q−¿¹ Bî¡−L BlJ HL¢V EcÑ¤ hC ¢cm¡jz Bl HL B−m¡Qe¡l pju ¢a¢e I hC-Hl ¢hl©f pj¡−m¡Qe¡ Ll−mez B¢j Hl SJu¡h ¢cm¡jz Bj¡l i¡C Bj¡l k¤¢š² pjbÑe L−l Bî¡−L p¤¾cli¡−h h¤T¡h¡l ®Qø¡ Ll−m¡z h¤T−a f¡lm¡j ®k, ¢el−fr je ¢e−u e¡ fs−m Bõ¡ql ¢La¡−hJ i§m B¢h×L¡l Ll¡ k¡uz Hlfl B¢j ®L¡e hC hs−a ®cJu¡ pj£Q£e j−e Llm¡j e¡z

HL¢V j−q±o¢d c¡lp L−m−Sl R¤¢V Y¡L¡uC L¡V¡m¡jz a¡C Y¡L¡ nql pwNW−el p¡−b k¤š² qm¡jz p¡ç¡¢qL °hW−L 205 ew eJu¡hf¤l ®l¡−Xl S¡j¡u¡a A¢gp ®k¡Nc¡e Llm¡jz °hW−L c¡l−p L¤lBe ®fn Ll−me S¡j¡u¡−al l¦Le j¡Jm¡e¡ LÅ¡l£ Sm£m Bnl¡gz ¢a¢e Y¡L¡ B¢mu¡ j¡cÚl¡p¡u ®Ll¡B−al ¢nrLz p§l¡ m¤Lj¡e ®b−L qkla m¤Lj¡e (B) ay¡l ®R−m−cl−L ®kph j§mÉh¡e Ef−cn ¢c−u¢R−me, ®p Aw−nl c¡lp ¢c−mez ®N¡V¡ c¡lp¢VC Bj¡l ¢eLV AaÉ¿¹ BLoÑZ£u j−e q−m¡z ¢h−no L−l c£−el hÉ¡f¡−l ¢fa¡l p¡−b ¢h−l¡d pª¢ø q−m H pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡e ¢Li¡−h Ll−a qu, ®p AwnV¤L¤ Bj¡l fÐ¡−Z ®Ny−b ®N−m¡z j−e q−m¡, ®k−e¡ Bj¡l pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡−el SeÉC I Bu¡a Lu¢V e¡¢km q−m¡z Caxf§−hÑ H ph Bu¡a Lah¡l ¢am¡Ju¡a L−l¢Rz BS ®p Bu¡a…−m¡ ®ki¡−h Bj¡−L fb ®cM¡−m¡, f§−hÑ Hi¡−h LM−e¡ h¤¢T¢ez p¡q¡h¡−u ®Ll¡−jl pju Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−e −k¡Nc¡eL¡l£−cl j−dÉ k¡−cl ¢fa¡j¡a¡ ¢h−l¡¢da¡ L−l−R ay¡−cl SeÉ HM¡−e ®kph ®qc¡u¡a −cJu¡ q−u−R, c¡l−pl j¡dÉ−j Hl QjvL¡l hÉ¡MÉ¡ Bj¡l A¢ÙÛl ¢Q−š flj ü¢Ù¹ c¡e Ll−m¡z Ae¤ih Llm¡j, Hi¡−hC Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−e p¢œ²u q−m L¤lB−el Bpm jjÑ h¤−T B−pz L¡lZ L¤lBe ®k B−¾c¡me f¢lQ¡me¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ e¡¢km q−u−R, I B−¾c¡m−e k¡l¡ nl£L qu a¡−cl−L I ph f¢l¢ÙÛ¢al pÇj¤M£e q−a qu, ®k p−hl ®j¡L¡¢hm¡ ®pL¡−m Ll−a q−u−Rz Ae¤l©f f¢l¢ÙÛa q¡¢Sl q−m L£ Ll¡ E¢Qa a¡ L¤lBe pqSi¡−h a¤−m d−lz a¡C I c¡lp¢V Bj¡l SeÉ j−q±od ¢q−p−h j−e q−m¡z c¡l−pl ¢nr¡ Ae¤k¡u£ Bî¡l p¡−b BQlZ öl¦ Llm¡jz ¢a¢e k¡ j¿¹hÉ L−le Hl ®L¡e SJu¡h ¢c−m ¢ha−LÑl f¢l−hn pª¢ø qu h−m B¢j Q¤f L−l ®ka¡jz ay¡l c¤¢eu¡h£ pLm L¡−S B¢j ®h¢n L−l pq−k¡¡¢Na¡ Ll−a m¡Nm¡jz ay¡l L¡−R ®h¢n pju L¡V¡a¡j Hhw hÉ¢š²Na ®Mcj−a ®m−N b¡La¡jz Bj¡l i¡C−ul p¡−b fl¡jnÑ Llm¡j ®k, B¢j ay¡−L ¢e−S ®L¡e hC fs−a ®c−h¡ e¡z k¡−a ¢a¢e ¢el−fr je ¢e−u hC f−se ®p hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll−a q−hz Bj¡l i¡C Bî¡−L hC fs¡−a prj q−m¡z a¡l ¢qLja L¡−S m¡N−m¡z ®p hm−m¡x “Bî¡, i¡C p¡−qh Cpm¡j pÇf−LÑ ®kph hC f−s HL¢c−L H…−µRe, ®pph hC EcÑ¤−a h−m Bj¡l f−r fs¡ c¤xp¡dÉz B¢j h¤T−h¡C h¡ LaV¤L?¤ Bf¢e B−mj ¢q−p−h I hC…−m¡ fs−m p¢WL k¡Q¡C Ll−a f¡l−he Hhw B¢j Bfe¡l L¡R ®b−L h¤−T ¢e−a f¡l−h¡z ¢a¢e ay¡l ‘¡e J k¤¢š²l ¢i¢š−a H…−µRez I hC…−m¡ e¡ f−s ay¡l p¡−b a−LÑ ¢mç e¡ qJu¡C i¡−m¡z ay¡l Q¢lœ B−NJ i¡−m¡ ¢R−m¡, HMe BlJ Eæaz ay¡l BQlZJ BLoÑZ£uz ¢a¢e e¡ h¤−T A−ål j−a¡ ï¡¿¹ f−b k¡h¡l j¡e¤o eez Bî¡, Bf¢e °d−kÑl p¡−b hC…−m¡ ®cM¤ez” Bj¡l i¡C pgm q−m¡z Bj¡l L¡R ®b−L hC ®Q−u ¢e−u fs¡−a öl¦ Ll−m¡z Bf¡aa pjpÉ¡l p¡j¢uL pj¡d¡e qJu¡u B¢j A−eLV¡ ü¢Ù¹ ®h¡d Llm¡jz

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c¡c£l C¢¿¹L¡m 1936 p¡−m c¡c¡l C¢¿¹L¡m qu Bj¡l ®Q¡−Ml p¡j−ez Hl 14 hRl fl 1950 p¡−m c¡c£l C¢¿¹L¡−ml MhlV¤L¤J kb¡pj−u f¡C¢ez Bj¡l HjH fl£r¡ Qm−R h−m Bî¡ Bj¡−L H c¤x−Ml Mhl¢V ®ce¢ez c¡c£l p¡−b Bj¡l O¢eù pÇf−LÑl L¡l−ZC Bî¡ H ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢e−u−Re h−m Bj¡−L f−l S¡e¡−mez fl£r¡ ¢c−u Q¡¢¾ce¡u ®Nm¡jz H Mhl¢V ®ch¡l SeÉ Bî¡ Ae¤L§m f¢l−hn pª¢ø Ll−mez l£¢aj−a¡ HL¢V i§¢jL¡ ¢c−u p¡šÆe¡ ®ch¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ L−l Mhl¢V kMe f¢l−h−ne Ll−me aMe B¢j qaið q−u Bî¡l ¢c−L a¡¢L−u lCm¡jz Bj¡l ®Q¡−M f¡¢e H−m¡ e¡z B¢j ®Lje ®k−e¡ q−u ®Nm¡jz Bl ®L¡e ¢ce j¡u¡ju c¡c£l Bc−ll fln f¡−h¡ e¡, ay¡l q¡¢pj¤M Bl ®cM−h¡ e¡, ay¡l ®pÀqil¡ Lb¡ Bl öe−a f¡−h¡ e¡z H ph ¢Q¿¹¡u Bj¡l ®Q¡−Ml f¡¢e ®k−e¡ ö¢L−u ®N−m¡z Bj¡l H AhÙÛ¡ ®c−M Bî¡l ®Q¡−M f¡¢e H−m¡z B¢j Bî¡l ®L¡−m j¤M ®l−M ¢LR¤rZ ®Ly−c jeV¡ q¡mL¡ q−m¡ h−m ®h¡d Llm¡jz j¡e¤o c¤¢eu¡ Q−m k¡u; ®b−L k¡u pÈ¢ª a-jja¡ HL Aá¤a Ae¤i¢§ a, k¡ c¤xMju f¡¢bÑh S£i−e n¡¢¿¹l fln h¤m¡uz ®pÀqju j¤lî£ c¤¢eu¡ ®b−L ¢hc¡u ®eh¡l fl ®pÀqdeÉ k¡l¡, a¡−cl Ni£l B−hN fÐL¡n Ll¡l SeÉ i¡−m¡h¡p¡l jq¡e pËø¡ QjvL¡l Ef¡u ¢nr¡ ¢c−u−Rez k¡−cl jja¡ J kaÁ Bjl¡ ®R¡V ®b−L hs q−u¢R a¡−cl SeÉ Bõ¡q ®c¡u¡ ¢nr¡ 43

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hmm¡j, Bj¡l f¡e M¡Ju¡l AiÉ¡pz ScÑ¡ R¡s¡ f¡e M¡−h¡ ®Lje L−l? ScÑ¡l AiÉ¡p aÉ¡N Ll¡ L¢Wez ¢a¢e al¢hu−a Bj¡lC hš²ªa¡ L−l hm−me, “Bf¢e Bj¡−cl−L ‘e¡gp’ cje Ll¡l Efl H−a¡ a¡¢Nc ¢c−mez Bl ScÑ¡l hÉ¡f¡−l Bf¢e e¡gp−L cje Ll−a f¡l−he e¡? a¡q−m Bfe¡l ep£qa f¡me Ll−a Bjl¡ ®Lje L−l Eà¤Ü q−h¡z” X¡š²¡l p¡−qh hu−p Bj¡l hs ¢R−mez a¡l Lb¡u B¢j m‹¡ ®h¡d Llm¡j Hhw ScÑ¡ aÉ¡N Ll¡l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢em¡jz ScÑ¡ h¡c ¢c−u f¡e ®M−a ®L¡e jS¡ ®fm¡j e¡z j−e q−m¡, O¡p ¢Qh¤¢µRz c¤’¢ce fl f¡e M¡Ju¡C ®R−s ¢cm¡nz ®pC ®k f¡e R¡sm¡j, S£h−e Bl ®L¡e¢ce f¡e j¤−M ®cC¢ez Bj¡l Ù»£ HMeJ j¡−T j¡−T M¡ez ¢L¿º B¢j M¡C e¡z ®LE p¡d−m h¢m, “Bj¡l f¡e−c¡o ®eCz” 1964 p¡−m BCu¤h M¡e S¡j¡u¡a−L ®hBCe£ ®O¡oZ¡ L−l pLm S¡j¡u¡a ®ea¡−L ®NËç¡l L−lz OVe¡œ²−j B¢j J j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤l lq£j ®L¾cÐ£u LjÑf¢lo−cl A¢d−hne Efm−r m¡−q¡−l ¢Rm¡j Hhw ®pM¡e ®b−LC ®NËç¡l qCz a¡C j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l p¡−b c¤’j¡p ®S−m b¡L¡L¡−m ay¡−L n£−al c¤f¤−l ®l¡−c h−p ®L±V¡u f¡e p¡S¡−a ®c−M¢Rz 1953 p¡−m j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£−L gy¡¢pl ýL¤j ¢c−u BVL Ll¡l fl ¢a¢e ka¢ce ®S−m BVL ¢R−me LM−e¡ f¡e M¡e¢ez ®S−m f¡e ®eh¡l SeÉ LaªÑf−rl ¢eLV clM¡Ù¹ Ll−a q−h ®S−e ¢a¢e k¡¢m−jl ¢eLV clM¡Ù¹ ¢c−a Aü£L¡l Ll−mez ¢a¢e ph¡C−L S¡¢e−u ¢c−me ®k, f¡e−L ¢a¢e a¡m¡L ¢c−u−Rez ’55 p¡−m ®Sm ®b−L j¤¢š² ®f−u ®hl qh¡l pju ®Sm−N−VC ®L¡e HLSe f¡e Ag¡l Ll−m ¢a¢e a¡ j¤−M ¢e−u j¤Q¢L ®q−p hm−me, “B¢j h¡−ue a¡m¡L ®cC¢ez” ¢a¢e f¡e−L fR¾c Ll−ae ®k ®L±a¤L L−l hm−ae, “q¡k¡ ¢je Jl¡¢Lm S¡æ¡q” AbÑ¡v HV¡ ®h−qn−al f¡a¡z H ®c−n A−eL hRl S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l fÐd¡e ¢R−me j¡Jm¡e¡ j¤q¡Çjc Bhc¤l lq£jz ay¡l Ad£−e ®al hRl B¢j ®p−œ²V¡¢ll c¡¢uaÅ f¡me L−l¢Rz ¢a¢eJ f¡−el iš² ¢R−mez j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l EÜªª¢a ¢c−u ¢a¢e hm−ae ®k, Cpm¡−jl ®kje fy¡Q¢V l¦Le, f¡−elJ f¡yQ¢V l¦Le B−R- f¡−el f¡a¡, p¤f¡¢l, M−ul, Q¤e J ScÑ¡ HLh¡l M−ul R¡s¡ j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£−L f¡e ¢c−m ¢a¢e j¿¹hÉ Ll−me, “f¡e ®j ®a¡ HLC M¡ul (j‰m) qÉ¡u, C−u ¢i e¡ ¢c−u −a¡ ®Lu¡ ¢cu¡?” HLh¡l S¡j¡u¡−al ®p−œ²V¡¢l ®Se¡−lm ¢ju¡ ®a¡g¡−um j¤q¡Çjc Y¡L¡u H−mez B¢j J j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤l lq£j ay¡l p¡−b ®qy−V Qm¢Rz qW¡v j¡Jm¡e¡ p¡−qh Bj¡−cl c¤’Se ®b−L Bm¡c¡ q−u f¡−el ®c¡L¡−e ®N−mez B¢j ®L±a¤L L−l hmm¡j, “¢ju¡ p¡−qh ®c¢M−u j¡Jm¡e¡ q¡j c¤’−e¡ ®p Bm¡N ®q¡ ®Nu¡z” j¡Jm¡e¡ f¡e q¡−a ¢e−u ¢g−l H−p hm−me, “jÉ¡u Bj£−l S¡j¡u¡a ¢L p¤æ¡a fl Bjm L¡l l¡q¡ ýyz” ¢ju¡ p¡−qh p¡−b p¡−bC j¿¹hÉ Ll−m, “Bj£l ®j BN¡l HLC e¡Lp (œ²¢V) qÉ¡u, Bf−L¡ Jq£ fR¾c B−Nu¡z” (Bj£−ll j−dÉ k¢c I HL¢V œ²¢VC ®b−L b¡−L ®pV¡C Bfe¡l fR¾c q−u ®N−m¡z) ¢ju¡ p¡−qh f¡e ®j¡−VC fR¾c Ll−ae e¡z j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£ H ®c−n fÐbj pg−l B−pe 1956 p¡−mz ¢c−el ®hm¡ hs ØV£j¡−l h¢ln¡m k¡h¡l pju ¢a¢e ®L¢h−e Bl¡j e¡ L−l h¡l¡¾c¡u C¢S ®Qu¡−l h−p cªnÉ ®cM¢R−mez j¿¹hÉ Ll−me, “®N¡V¡ ®cnV¡C p¡S¡−e¡ h¡N¡ez Hje p¤¾cl cªnÉ Caxf§−hÑ ®c¢M¢ez” ¢S−‘p Ll−me, m¡−q¡l ¢fm¡−ll j−a¡ HC mð¡ N¡R…−m¡ ¢L−pl? B¢j hmm¡j, H…−m¡ p¤f¡¢l N¡R ¢a¢e j¿¹hÉ Ll−me, H SeÉC H−a¡ p¤¾clz Y¡L¡u j¡e¤−ol f¡e M¡Ju¡l cªnÉ ®c−M j¿¹hÉ Ll−me, “j¤−M f¡e Bl q¡−a Q¤−el fa¡L¡z HLSe L−l ®c¡L¡e ®b−L f¡e ¢c−u q¡a f¡−el −h¡V¡−a Q¤e m¡¢N−u fa¡L¡l j−a¡ q¡a Ey¢Q−u Qm−a ®cM−m Bj¡l q¡¢p f¡uz” Bj¡l f¡e M¡h¡l hciÉ¡−pl Lb¡ E−õM Ll−a ¢N−u A−eL Lb¡C h−m ®gmm¡jz jS¡l hÉ¡f¡l q−m¡, c¡c£-n¡ö¢s Bj¡−L f¡e M¡Ju¡ ®nM¡−me ®k lwf¤−l OVe¡œ²−j I lwf¤−lC f¡−el AiÉ¡p ¢Ql−al aÉ¡N Llm¡jz 61.

¢fa¡ qh¡l Efœ²j 1952 p¡−ml j¡T¡j¡¢T Bj¡l Ù»£ p¿¹¡epñh¡ h−m h¤T¡ ®N−m¡z j−e HL Aá¤a B−hN pª¢ø q−m¡z B¢j ¢fa¡ q−a k¡¢µR, H Lb¡ j−e B−m¡¢sa q−a b¡L−m¡z ea¤e A¢a¢bl AiÉ¡bÑe¡l B−u¡Se ¢e−u N−hoZ¡ J f¢lLÒfe¡ Ll¡ öl¦ q−u ®N−m¡z 49

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50

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HL ¢h−no ®hce¡−h¡d H p§rÁ ®hce¡l Lb¡¢V L¡−l¡ L¡−R fÐL¡n Ll¡l ¢hou eu, öd¤ Efm¢ì Ll¡lz f¡WL−cl j−dÉ k¡l¡ ¢fa¡ q−u−Re a¡l¡J fÐbj ¢fa¡ qh¡l pjuV¡l I ®hce¡V¤L¤ i§−m ®N−mJ Bj¡l H ®mM¡ fs¡l fl AhnÉC pÈª¢al p¡N−l i¡pj¡e ®cM−a f¡−hez p¿¹¡−el ¢fa¡ qh¡l B−hNju Ae¤i§¢a J ®N±lh−h¡d I ®hce¡V¤L¤ pq−SC pqe£u L−l ®cu Hhw AÒf ¢ce flC AfaÉ−pÀ−ql fÐ¡h−mÉ a¡ ¢hpÈa ª q−u k¡uz ¢L¿º I p¡j¢uL ®hce¡V¤L¤l A¢Ù¹aÅ Aü£M¡l Ll¡l p¡dÉ L¡−l¡ ®eCz f¡WLN−Zl °dkÑQ§É¢a e¡ O¢V−u lqpÉju ®hce¡l Lb¡¢V h−mC ®g¢mz S£h−e k¡ ®cMm¡−jl 46 ew ¢L¢Ù¹−a fÐd¡e ¢n−l¡e¡j ¢R−m¡ ‘Bj¡l S£h−e ¢h−ul fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡’z Hl ®no¢c−L ‘B−l¡ HL¢V Ae¤i¢§ a’ Ef-¢n−l¡e¡−j ¢m−M¢Rm¡j, “¢h−ul fl HL¢V ¢h−no Ae¤i§¢a Bj¡−L Hje aª¢ç ¢c−a¡, k¡ i¡o¡u fÐL¡n Ll¡ pñh euz HL¢V j¡e¤o HL¡¿¹C Bj¡l, Bl ®LE H−a nl£L ®eCz a¡l h¡h¡-j¡, ®h¡e, nÄöl-n¡ö¢sl p¡−b ®k pÇfLÑ ®pV¡ AeÉ dl−Zlz ¢L¿º Bj¡l HL¡¿¹ S£he p¡b£ ¢q−p−h H j¡e¤o¢V öd¤C Bj¡lz Hje p¡b£ Bl ®LE ®eCz" l¡−a ®n¡h¡l pju ®b−L pL¡m fkÑ¿¹ H j¡e¤o¢V öd¤ Bj¡l ¢R−m¡z a¡l j−e¡−k¡−Nl naLl¡ HLn’ i¡N B¢j HL¡C ®fa¡jz Bl ®LE Hl HLi¡NJ c¡¢h h¡ ®i¡N Ll¡l p¡j¡eÉ A¢dL¡l£J ¢R−m¡ e¡z p¿¹¡−el j¡ qh¡l fl a¡l f¡−n HLC nkÉ¡u O¤j¡m¡j h−V; ¢L¿º a¡l j−e¡−k¡N naLl¡ cni¡NJ ®fm¡j e¡z fÐbj l¡a¢V−aC ®hce¡−h¡d a£hÐ j−e q−u−Rz qW¡v L−l Bj¡l HL¡¿¹ j¡e¤o¢V Hi¡−h q¡¢l−u ®N−m¡? Bl HLSe E−s H−p a¡−L cMm L−l −gm−m¡? B¢j A¢dL¡l ®b−L BLpÈ¡v h¢’a q−u ®Nm¡j? H Ae¤i§¢a−L ¢L ®hce¡ e¡ h−m Ef¡u B−R? H ®hce¡ öd¤ p§rÁ eu, Ni£lJz L¡lZ AeÉph ®hce¡l Lb¡ BfeSe−cl L¡−R hm¡ k¡uz a¡−cl pq¡e¤i§¢a−a ®hce¡l Efnj qu, fÐ¢aL¡lJ Ll¡ k¡uz ¢L¿º HV¡ Hje dl−el ®hce¡, k¡ L¡−l¡ L¡−R hm¡J k¡u e¡z Bj¡l Ù»£J H ®mM¡ fs¡l j¡dÉ−j fÐbj S¡e−a f¡l−h ®k HLpju B¢j H −hce¡−h¡d L−l¢R Hhw a¡l j−a¡ BfeSe−LJ hm−a f¡¢l¢ez −k ®hce¡l Lb¡ L¡E−L hm¡ k¡u e¡z Hhw HL¡C k¡ pC−a qu, a¡ Ni£lC quz fl¢ce BL£L¡ L−l Hl f−ll ¢ce lwf¤−l ¢g−l ®Nm¡jz c¤’l¡a S£he p¡b£l p¡−b ea¤e Ae¤i§¢a ¢e−u L¡V¡m¡jz fÐ¢a pç¡−q H−p c¤’l¡a L¡¢V−u ®kaj¡z j¡p ®c−sL Hi¡−hC L¡V−m¡z j−el Hje HL¢V ®N¡fe Lb¡ BS fÐL¡n Llm¡j, k¡ Bõ¡q R¡s¡ Bl ®LE H fkÑ¿¹ S¡e−a f¡−l¢ez c¤¢eu¡V¡ HjeC S¡uN¡ ®k, HM¡−e c¤xM R¡s¡ ®L¡e p¤MC q¡¢pm Ll¡ k¡u e¡z ‘c¤xM ¢he¡ p¤M m¡i qu ¢L j¢q−a?’ L¢hl H Lb¡¢V L−a¡ ¢hl¡V paÉ! L−a¡ Lø pqÉ L−l j¡−L p¿¹¡e f¡Ju¡l p¤M ®f−a qu! ®p ¢q−p−h p¿¹¡−el ¢fa¡ qh¡l −p±i¡NÉ m¡i Ll−a ¢N−u I AhÉš² ®hce¡V¤L¤ A¢a eNZÉz Bõ¡q a¡Bm¡ c¤¢eu¡u p¤M J c¤xM−L HLp¡−b ¢j¢n−u ®l−M−Rez S£h−e p¡gmÉ m¡i Ll−a q−m c¤xM-Lø, aÉ¡N¢a¢ar¡ Af¢lq¡kÑz L¤lB−el h¡Z£ “g¡Cæ¡j¡Bm EpÚ¢l CEpl¡e, Cæ¡ j¡Bm Ep¢l CEpl¡z” HLC Lb¡ c¤’h¡l 52

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p¤M-c¤xM L¡−L L¡−L h¡−m? Ai¡hC c¤x−Ml j§mz k¡ Q¡C a¡ e¡ ®f−mC Ai¡h−h¡d quz HlC g−m c¤xM ®i¡N Ll−a quz Ai¡h e¡ b¡L−mC p¤M−h¡d quz Bõ¡q a¡Bm¡ c¤¢eu¡−a p¤M J c¤xM HLœ L−l ®l−M−Rez HM¡−e H c¤−V¡−L Bm¡c¡ Ll¡l Ef¡u ®eCz B¢Ml¡−a p¤M J c¤xM−L pÇf§ZÑ Bm¡c¡ Ll¡ q−hz ®L¡b¡J LM−e¡ H c¤−V¡ HLœ q−h e¡z ®h−qn−a öd¤ p¤M Hhw ®c¡k−M öd¤ c¤xMz p§l¡ q¡-j£j Bp p¡Sc¡l 30 ew Bu¡−a ®h−qn−al ¢hhlZ ¢c−a ¢N−u Bõ¡q h−me, “®pM¡−e ®a¡j¡−cl je k¡ Q¡u a¡J f¡−h, Bl k¡ c¡¢h Ll−a a¡ ®a¡ f¡−hCz” AbÑ¡v k¡ Q¡C−h a¡ ®a¡ f¡−hC, Hje¢L k¡ j−e j−e L¡je¡ Ll−h, Q¡Ch¡l B−NC a¡J ®f−u k¡−hz ®pM¡−e a¡C ®L¡e Ai¡h b¡L−h e¡ h−m c¤x−Ml ®L¡e L¡lZC ®eCz −c¡kM Hl pÇf§ZÑ ¢hfl£az ®kM¡−e öd¤ c¤xMC B−Rz p¤−Ml ®L¡e NåJ ®pM¡−e ®eCz ®pM¡−e ¢ff¡p¡u L¡al q−u f¡¢e Q¡C−m Hje f¢e ®cJu¡ q−h, k¡ ¢ff¡p¡l c¤xM B−l¡ hý…Z h¡¢s−u ®c−hz a¡C ®pM¡−e öd¤ c¤xMC c¤xMz −h−qn−a k¡ ®eC a¡-C ®c¡k−M B−Rz Bl ®c¡k−M k¡ B−R a¡ ®h−qn−a ®eCz ®h−qn−a ®L¡e ¢LR¤lC Ai¡h ®eCz ®pM¡−e öd¤ Ai¡−hlC Ai¡hz Bl ®c¡k−M öd¤ Ai¡hC B−R, Bl ¢LR¤C ®eCz Ai¡h ®h¡dC c¤x−Ml j§m L¡lZz a¡C ®h−qn−a a¡ ®eCz ®h−qn−al ¢QlÙÛ¡u£ p¤M ®f−a q−m ®ki¡−h Qm−m Bõ¡q p¿ºø qe ®pi¡−h Qm−a ¢N−u ®k c¤xM-Lø qu a¡ q¡¢pj¤−M hlZ L−l ¢e−a q−hz q¡c£−p B−R, ®h−qna−L AfR¾ce£u ¢S¢ep ¢c−u ¢O−l l¡M¡ q−u−R Hhw ®c¡kM−L ®m¡ie£u h¿º ¢c−u ¢O−l l¡M¡ q−u−Rz 62.

S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ pÇf−LÑ Bî¡l j−e¡i¡−h f¢lhaÑe f§−hÑ E−õM L−l¢R ®k, Bj¡l ®R¡V i¡C X¡x ®N¡m¡j j¤u¡kÚk¡j−L j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£ (l)-Hl L−uL¢V hC ¢c−u Bî¡−L fs¡h¡l c¡¢uaÅ ¢cm¡jz R¤¢Vl fl B¢j lwf¤−l Q−m ®Nm¡jz L−uL j¡p fl Bî¡l HL ¢Q¢W ®fm¡jz ¢a¢e Bj¡−L M¤me¡ k¡h¡l ¢e−cÑn ¢c−mez ®pM¡−e a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al HL CS¢aj¡u a¡hm£−Nl ®L¾cÐ£u Bj£l qklaS£ j¡Jm¡e¡ CEp¤g p¡−q−hl Bph¡l Lb¡z a¡hm£−Nl H−cn£u Bj£l j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤m Bk£k S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ pÇf−LÑ Bî¡−L Qlj ¢hl©f d¡lZ¡ ¢c−u¢R−me h−mC ¢a¢e ®k L−W¡l j−e¡i¡h ®f¡oZ Ll−a h¡dÉ q−u¢R−me, j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£ (l)-Hl hC…−m¡ fs¡l fl ay¡l j−e¡i¡h eje£u q−mJ Bjl p¡−b a¡hm£−Nl Bj£−ll p¡je¡-p¡j¢e B−m¡Qe¡ R¡s¡ Bî¡ pÇf§ZÑ ¢e¢ÕQ¿¹ q−a f¡l¢R−me e¡z Bj¡l i¡C¢V M¤hC ¢qLj−al p¡−b S¡j¡u¡−al hC…−m¡ fs¡−a prj qJu¡u Bî¡l j−e¡i¡−h f¢lhaÑe Bp−mJ aM−e¡ f¤−l¡ ¢e¢ÕQa q−a f¡−le ¢ez a¡C ¢a¢e Q¡¢µR−me ®k, M¤me¡u qklaS£ j¡Jm¡e¡ CEp¤−gl p¡−b H ¢ho−u B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡l p¤−k¡N ®e−hez Bî¡ m¡−q¡−l ¢Qõ¡la b¡L¡L¡−m j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤m Bk£−kl ¢Q¢W ®f−u ®f−ln¡e q−u ¢Qõ¡ ®b−L ¢g−l Bph¡l f−b ¢cõ£−a qklaS£l p¡−b ®cM¡ L−l Bj¡l Lb¡ E−õM Ll−m ¢a¢e e¡¢L fl¡jnÑ ¢c−u¢R−me ®k, Bj¡l Ef−l ®k−e¡ Q¡f pª¢ø e¡ L−lez Bj¡−L Bî¡l ¢Qõ¡ ¢c−a Eà¤Ü Ll¡l fl¡jnÑJ ¢c−u−Rez k¡−q¡L, Bî¡l ¢e−cÑn ®j¡a¡−hL kb¡pj−u lwf¤l ®b−L B¢j M¤me¡ ®Nm¡jz H¢c−L Y¡L¡ ®b−L Bî¡ J Bj¡l i¡C X¡x ®N¡m¡j j¤u¡kÚk¡jJ ®N−mez M¤me¡u qklaS£l p¡−b p¡r¡−al ®L¡e p¤−k¡NC f¡Ju¡ −N−m¡ e¡z qklaS£ e¡¢L g¢lc£ p¡−qh e¡jL a¡hm£−Nl HL ®ea¡−L Bj¡l p¡−b Lb¡ hm¡l c¡¢uaÅ ¢c−u−Rez a¡l p¡−b B−m¡Qe¡l p¤−k¡N NËq−Zl SeÉ M¤me¡ ®b−L a¡hm£−Nl ¢lSÑ¡i Ll¡ m−’ Bî¡l p¡−b B¢jJ Y¡L¡ Bp¡l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢em¡jz m−’ g¢lc£ p¡−q−hl p¡−b p¡r¡−a Bî¡ ®j¡−VC p¿ºø q−me e¡z L¡lZ g¢lc£ p¡−qh Bj¡−L ®L¡e Lb¡ hm¡l p¤−k¡NC ¢c−a Q¡C−me e¡z ¢a¢e ep£qa Ll−me ®k, Bf¢e Bh¡l ¢ae ¢Qõ¡u Bp¤e, k¡−a a¡hm£−Nl q¡L£La h¤−T B−pz B¢j hmm¡j, B¢j c¤’h¡l ¢ae ¢Qõ¡ ¢c−u¢R Hhw 1 ¢Qõ¡ L−l BlJ 3/4 ¢Qõ¡ ¢c−u¢Rz ¢a¢e hm−me, “ Bfe¡−L Bh¡l ¢ae ¢Qõ¡u ¢cõ£ ®k−a q−hz”

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B¢j Bî¡−L hmm¡j, “ g¢lc£ p¡−qh Bj¡−L Lb¡C hm−a ¢c−me e¡z H−a¡ ¢Qõ¡ ®ch¡l flJ Bj¡l j−a¡ ®m¡L k¢c a¡hm£−Nl q¡L£La h¤T−a e¡ f¡−l a¡q−m Bh¡l ¢Qõ¡ ®ch¡l Evp¡q ®Lje L−l f¡Ju¡ k¡−h?” Bî¡J Bj¡l p¡−b HLja q−mez B¢j lwf¤−l ¢g−l ®Nm¡jz

Bh¡l ®NËç¡l J j¤¢š²l fl Ll¡Q£ Nje 1955 p¡−ml ®ghÐ¦u¡¢l j¡−p Bh¡l ®NËç¡l q−u lwf¤l ®S−m ®Nm¡jz ®S−m b¡L¡L¡−m Bj¡−L L−m−Sl Q¡L¢l ®b−L AhÉ¡q¢a ®cJu¡ q−m¡z ®p L¡¢qe£ f−l öe¡−h¡ Cen¡Bõ¡qz Bî¡l p¡−b c£−el hÉ¡f¡−l Bj¡l −k ja¢h−l¡d Qm¢R−m¡ −p fÐp‰ H ®mM¡uC pj¡ç Ll−a Q¡Cz 1955 p¡−ml ®j j¡−p ®L¾cÐ£u S¡j¡u¡−al fr ®b−L Bj¡−L −X−L f¡W¡−e¡ q−m¡z I hRlC eh¢ehÑ¡¢Qa NZf¢lo−cl f§hÑ-f¡¢LÙ¹¡¢e pcpÉ−cl−L Cpm¡j£ n¡pea¿» pÇf−LÑ Ah¢qa J EÜ¤Ü Ll¡l SeÉ S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ Bj¡l Efl c¡¢uaÅ AfÑZ L−lz Ll¡Q£ lJe¡ qh¡l f§−hÑ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el f¤Ù¹L¡¢cl HLV¡ ®pmg Bî¡l ®n¡h¡l O−l ®l−M ®Nm¡jz Bl Bj¡l pq−k¡N£ i¡C¢V−L h−m ®Nm¡j ®k, H ph hC−a ®kph ¢ho−u B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡ q−u−R a¡ S¡eh¡l SeÉ ®k−e¡ Bî¡l p¡−b ®k¡N¡−k¡N l¡−Mz Bj¡l i¡C ®b−L S¡e−a f¡lm¡j ®k, Bî¡ BNË−ql p¡−b hC fs−Re Hhw Bî¡l j−e¡i¡h f¢lhaÑe q−µRz B¢j ¢X−pð−lC Y¡L¡ ¢g−l Hm¡jz

a¡hm£−Nl ®ea¡−cl p¡−a p¡−a °hWL aMe L¡Ll¡C−m a¡hm£−Nl hs CS¢aj¡ q−a¡z 1950 p¡−m i¡l−a Bj¡l ¢Qõ¡ ®ch¡l pju j¡Jm¡e¡ ¢Su¡EŸ£e Bm£Ns£ Bj¡l a¡hm£N£ EÙ¹¡c ¢R−mez CS¢aj¡u Bî¡l p¡−b ay¡l ®cM¡ q−m¡z Bj¡l p¡−b B−m¡Qe¡l SeÉ Bî¡ ay¡−L l¡¢S Ll¡−mez B¢j ®pM¡−e ¢N−u Bp−ll S¡j¡u¡−a nl£L qm¡jz e¡j¡−kl ®n−o jp¢S−cl HL S¡uN¡u j¡Jm¡e¡ Bm£Ns£ J j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤m Bk£k Bj¡l p¡−b hp−mez Bî¡J ®pM¡−e Ef¢ÙÛaz fÐ¡u 30/40 Se a¡hm£N£ i¡C Bj¡−cl ¢ae f¡−n h−p ¢k¢Ll J ®c¡u¡ Ll−a b¡L−mez h¤T−a f¡lm¡j ®k, a¡l¡ Bj¡l ®qc¡u¡−al SeÉ ®c¡u¡ Ll−Rez B−Nl B−m¡Qe¡u H−p−R ®k, j¡Jm¡e¡ ¢Su¡EŸ£e Bm£Ns£l p¡−b Bj¡l AaÉ¿¹ jqî−al pÇfLÑ ¢R−m¡z ¢a¢e ¢e¢hsi¡−h Bj¡l p¡−b j¤u¡e¡L¡ (−L¡m¡L¤¢m) Ll−mez j¡Jm¡e¡ Bm£Ns£ AaÉ¿¹ B−h−Nl p¡−b hm−me, “Bf¢e ®a¡ a¡hm£−N A−eL ANËpl q−u¢R−mez H−a¡¢ce ®a¡ a¡hm£−Nl j¤l¦î£−cl j−dÉ Bfe¡l NZÉ qJu¡l Lb¡z” j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤m Bk£k h−me, “c¤¢eu¡u hý ¢glL¡q pª¢ø q−u−Rz p¢WL fb ®Qe¡ J ¢V−L b¡L¡ M¤hC L¢Wez Bõ¡ql lqj−a a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−a q¡‚¡e£ B−mjNZ B−Rez Bf¢e B−Nl j−a¡ Bh¡l a¡hm£−N L¡S Ll¦ez” B¢j c¤’Se−LC hmm¡j, “Bfe¡l¡ Bj¡l j¤lî£z Bfe¡−cl c¤’S−elC B¢j n¡N−lcz B¢j Bfe¡−cl ®Mcj−a ¢LR¤ Blk Ll−a Q¡Cz k¢c ®j−qlh¡e£ L−l ®n¡−ee a¡q−m hm−a f¡¢lz” hm¡h¡ýmÉ, H B−m¡Qe¡ Ec§Ñ i¡o¡uC q¢µRmz j¡Jm¡e¡ Bm£Ns£l L¡l−ZC EcÑ¤−a B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−a q−m¡z Bjl I Lb¡l fl j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤m Bk£k hm−me, “HM¡−e H−a¡ ®m¡−Ll j−dÉ eu, ®ia−l Qm¤ez” H Lb¡ h−m ay¡l¡ c¤’Se Hhw B¢j J Bî¡ jp¢S−cl ®ia−l ®Nm¡jz ®pM¡−e Bl ®LE ¢R−m¡ e¡z B¢j hmm¡j, “B¢j L¤lB−el a¡gp£l f−s Efm¢ì L−l¢R ®k, l¡p§m (p) c£e−L L¡−uj Ll¡l SeÉ ®k fÜ¢a−a Hhw ®k dl−el LjÑp§¢Q ¢e−u L¡S L−l−Re, a¡ a¡hm£−Nl LjÑp§¢Ql ®Q−u A−eL hÉ¡fLz” Bj¡−L b¡¢j−u ¢c−u j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤m Bk£k hm−me, “H LjÑp§¢Q Cmq¡−jl j¡dÉ−j f¡Ju¡z Bjl¡ Hhw hý hs hs B−mj H−a j¤vj¡Cez” B¢j hmm¡j, “ýk¤l, Bfe¡l¡ hs B−mjz Bj¡l Ae¤−l¡d, k¢c I a¡gp£l Bfe¡−cl j−a¡ B¢mjNZ f−se a¡q−m m¡M m¡M ®m¡L Bfe¡−cl j¡dÉ−j c£−el B−m¡ f¡−hz” H Lb¡ ö−e l¡Naü−l Hhw ¢hl¢š²l i¡h fÐL¡n L−l ¢a¢e hm−me, “Bjl¡ ‘¡eq£e ®m¡Lz j¤l¦î£−cl fl¡jnÑ R¡s¡ Bjl¡ ®L¡e ¢La¡h f¢s e¡z” H Lb¡ h−m ¢a¢e cy¡¢s−u ®N−mez j¡Jm¡e¡ Bm£Ns£ BN¡−N¡s¡ Q¤fQ¡fC lC−mez Bjl¡J Q−m Hm¡jz

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Bî¡l pÇf§ZÑ f¢lhaÑe L¡Ll¡Cm jp¢S−c a¡hm£−Nl c¤’Se ®ea¡l p¡−b Bj¡l p¡r¡−al fÐaÉrcnÑ£ ¢q−p−h Bî¡ h¡¢s−a H−p Bj¡l i¡C X¡x ®N¡m¡j j¤u¡kÚk¡j−L ®X−L Bj¡l p¡j−eC k¡ hm−me, a¡−a B¢j AaÉ¿¹ BnÄÙ¹ ®h¡d Llm¡j Hhw h¤T−a f¡lm¡j ®k, Bî¡ S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l ¢hl¦−Ü j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤m Bk£−kl ®cJu¡ Afh¡c ®j¡−VC p¢WL eu h−m h¤T−a f¡l−mez Bî¡ hm−me, “a¡l¡ ®a¡j¡l i¡C−ul p¡−b ¢haLÑ Ll¡l ®L¡e ®k¡NÉa¡C l¡−Me e¡z B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−aC a¡l¡ pÇja q−me e¡z B−m¡Qe¡l E−Ÿ−nÉC B¢j a¡−L a¡−cl ¢eLV ¢e−u ®Nm¡jz Bj¡−cl−L HLcm a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al ®m¡L ®Ol¡J L−l l¡M−m¡ Hhw ph¡l p¡j−e a¡l¡ J−L Ef−cn ¢c−a b¡L−m¡z −kC j¡œ ®p ¢LR¤ hm¡l Ae¤j¢a Q¡C−m¡, Aj¢e a¡l¡ ph¡l p¡j−e hm¡l p¤−k¡N ¢c−m¡ e¡z ®h¡d qu a¡−cl Bnˆ¡ q−m¡ ®k, Jl Lb¡ ph¡C öe−m fÐi¡h¡¢ða q−a f¡−lz ®ia−l ®N¡f−e Bm¡−fl SeÉ ¢e−u ®N−m¡ h−V, ¢L¿º ®pM¡−eJ Lb¡ hm¡ öl¦ Ll−aC b¡¢j−u ¢c−me Hhw hš²hÉ pj¡ç Ll¡l p¤−k¡N fkÑ¿¹ ¢c−me e¡z a¡−cl−L a¡gp£l fs¡l Ae¤−l¡d S¡e¡−m l¡N q−u k¡ hm−me, a¡ pÇf§ZÑ A−k±¢šLz” H OVe¡l fl Bî¡ L¡Ll¡Cm jp¢S−c B−Nl j−a¡ k¡h¡l BNËq q¡¢l−u ®gm−mez Bj¡l h¤L ®b−L ¢hl¡V Aü¢Ù¹ c§l q−u ®N−m¡z ®k Bî¡ Bj¡−L ®R¡V pju ®b−L djÑ£u ¢cL ¢c−u pk−aÁ N−s a¤m−me, ®p jq¡e Bî¡−L S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ pÇf−LÑ ¢jbÉ¡ g−a¡u¡ ¢c−u Bj¡l p¡−b ay¡l pwO¡a pª¢ø Ll¡ q−m¡z HV¡ Bj¡l S£h−el ph−Q−u ®hce¡ju OVe¡z “S¡j¡u¡a L¡¢cu¡e£−cl ®Q−u SOeÉ ¢gae¡” h−m Bî¡−L ¢hï¡¿¹ e¡ Ll−m Bj¡l H c¤−iÑ¡N ®f¡q¡−a q−a¡ e¡ Hhw Bî¡J ¢ae hRl ®f−ln¡e£−a i¤N−a h¡dÉ q−ae e¡z ¢jbÉ¡ g−a¡u¡ L£ iuˆl!

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1943 p¡−m ¢àa£u jq¡k¤−Ül pju i¡lah−oÑl NieÑl ®Se¡−lm pLm fÐ¡−c¢nL fÐd¡ej¿»£−L ay¡l ®eaª−aÅ ‘NiÑel ®Se¡−lmpÚ Ju¡l L¡E¢¾pm’-Hl pcpÉ qh¡l Bqh¡e S¡e¡ez j¤p¢mj m£N H−a ®k¡Nc¡e e¡ Ll¡l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ®euz H ¢e−cÑn Aj¡eÉ L−l h‰−c−nl fÐd¡ej¿»£ H ®L gSm¤m qL Hl pcpÉ qez L¡−uc Bkj cm£u nª´Mm¡ i−‰l c¡−u a¡−L j¤p¢mj m£N ®b−L h¢q×L¡l L−lez j¤p¢mj m£−Nl pjbÑe q¡¢l−u gSm¤m qL p¡−qh ¢q¾c¤ jq¡pi¡l p¡−b ®L¡u¡¢mne L−l nÉ¡j¡-qL j¢¿»pi¡ NWe L−lez ¢q¾c¤ jqpi¡ ®ea¡ nÉ¡j¡ fÐp¡c j¤M¡¢SÑ ENË ¢q¾c¤h¡c£ qJu¡l L¡l−Z H j¢¿»pi¡ c£OÑÙÛ¡u£ qu¢ez Aaxfl M¡S¡ e¡¢Sj¤Ÿ£e J nq£c ®p¡ql¡Ju¡cÑ£l ®eaª−aÅ j¤p¢mj m£N plL¡l L¡−uj quz ®n−l h¡wm¡l j−a¡ Se¢fÐu ®ea¡ f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡m−el ®eaªaÅ ®b−L p−l k¡Ju¡u j¤p¢mj S¡¢al ¢hl¡V r¢a q−u−Rz f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡m−el R¡œ-LjÑ£ ¢q−p−h 1947 p¡−m i¡la ¢hi¡−Nl pju Bj¡−cl j−dÉ H QQÑ¡C ¢R−m¡ ®k, ®n−l h¡wm¡ L¡−u−c Bk−jl ¢e−cÑn Aj¡eÉ L−l ¢e−Sl ®a¡ jq¡r¢a Ll−meC, f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡m−elJ ¢hl¡V r¢a q−m¡z ¢a¢e ®eaª−aÅ b¡L−m qu−a¡ h‰−cn−L ¢hiš² qJu¡ ®b−L lr¡ Ll¡ ®k−a¡z A¿¹a ®L¡mL¡a¡ J j¤¢nÑc¡h¡c ®Sm¡ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el A¿¹i§Ñš² Ll¡ pñh q−a¡z H Lb¡ p¢WL ®q¡L h¡ e¡ ®q¡L, H QQÑ¡ Bj¡−cl j−dÉ hÉ¡fL ¢R−m¡z f§h-Ñ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e k¤š²é¾V plL¡l q−mJ ®L−¾cÐ aM−e¡ j¤p¢mj m£N plL¡lz M¡S¡ e¡¢Sj¤Ÿ£e aMe f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el fÐd¡ej¿»£ Hhw ®N¡m¡j j¤q¡Çjc NiÑel ®Se¡−lmz ®n−l h¡wm¡ gSm¤m qL ¢ehÑ¡Q−el fl k¤š²é¾V f¡mÑ¡−j¾V¡¢l f¡¢VÑl ®ea¡ qez 1954 p¡−ml 2 H¢fÐm ¢a¢e fÐ¡−c¢nL fÐd¡ej¿»£ qez fÐd¡ej¿»£ qh¡l HL j¡−pl j¡b¡u 30 H¢fÐm ®n−l h¡wm¡ ®L¡mL¡a¡u k¡ez ¢a¢e j¤p¢mj m£N ®b−L h¢q×Lªa qh¡l fl ®k ¢q¾c¤ ®ea¡−cl−L p¡−b ¢e−u nÉ¡j¡-qL j¢¿»pi¡ NWe L−l¢R−me, I ®ea¡l¡ ®n−l h¡wm¡−L 30 H¢fÐm HL ¢hl¡V pwhdÑe¡ ®cez ¢a¢e B−hNa¡¢sa q−u pwhdÑe¡l SJu¡−h h−me, “l¡S¯e¢aL L¡l−Z h¡wm¡−cn ¢hiš² Ll¡ ®k−a f¡−l, ¢L¿º h¡P¡¢ml ¢nr¡, pwúª¢a Bl h¡P¡¢maÅ−L ®L¡e n¢š² ®L¡e ¢ce i¡N Ll−a f¡l−h e¡z” j¤p¢mj m£−Nl ®L¾cÐ£u plL¡l ®n−l h¡wm¡l H hš²hÉ−L f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el j§m¢i¢š j¤p¢mj S¡a£ua¡h¡−cl ¢h−l¡d£ BMÉ¡¢ua L−lz j¤p¢mjNZ HL¢V Bm¡c S¡¢a (Two Nation Theory) ®O¡oZ¡ L−lC j¤p¢mj m£N i¡la−L ¢hiš² L−l f¡¢LÙ¹¡e L¡−u−jl c¡¢h S¡e¡uz ®n−l h¡wm¡l hš²hÉ I ‘V¤ ®ene ¢bJ¢l’l ¢h−l¡d£z 30 ®j NieÑl ®Se¡−lm ®n−l h¡wm¡ j¿»£pi¡ h¡¢am L−l f§h-Ñ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e ®L¾cÐ£u n¡pe Q¡m¤ L−lz

−L¾cÐ£u n¡pe −Se¡−lm Cú¡¾c¡l ¢jSÑ¡−L f§h-Ñ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el NieÑl J ¢hÐ¢Vn Bj−ml Sy¡c−lm BC¢pHp (C¢äu¡e ¢p¢im p¡¢iÑp) B¢gp¡l He Hj M¡e−L (¢eu¡S j¤q¡Çjc M¡e) Q£g ®p−œ²V¡¢l ¢e−u¡N L−l f§hÑ-f¢LÙ¹¡e−L ®L−¾cÐl fr ®b−L n¡pe Ll¡l c¡¢uaÅ −cJu¡ quz Cpm¡−jl ®c¡q¡C ¢c−u f¡¢LÙ¹¡e L¡−uj Ll¡ q−mJ f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡me f¢lQ¡me¡L¡−m f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e Cpm¡j£ BcnÑ L¡−u−jl f¢lLÒfe¡ e¡ b¡L¡u ®L¾cÐ£u n¡pe Hje ph ®m¡L−cl q¡−aC B−p, k¡l¡ Cw−lS−cl °a¢l je, jNS J Q¢l−œ N−s E−W−Rez a¡C a¡l¡ Hje c¤’Se ®k¡NÉ ®m¡L−LC f§h-Ñ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el n¡pL ¢q−p−h f¡¢W−u−Re, k¡l¡ a¡−cl fÐ¢a¢e¢daÅ Ll¡l Efk¤š²z Cú¡¾c¡l ¢jSÑ¡ ®Se¡−lm ¢q−p−h Ahpl ®eh¡l fl ¢p¢im p¡¢iÑ−p Y¤−Lez ¢a¢e l¡S¯e¢aL rja¡ cM−ml osk¿»L¡l£ ¢ae S−el AeÉaj ¢R−mez h¡¢L c¤’Se ®Se¡−lm BCu§h M¡e J ®N¡m¡j j¤q¡Çjcz 1958 p¡−m 7 A−ƒ¡hl Cú¡¾c¡l ¢jSÑ¡ NieÑl ®Se¡−lm b¡L¡ AhÙÛ¡u ®pe¡f¢a BCu§h M¡−el p¡−b osk¿» L−l f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el fÐd¡ej¿»£ ¢g−l¡k M¡e e§e plL¡l−L EvM¡a L−l p¡j¢lL n¡pe S¡¢l L−lez 27 A−ƒ¡hl BCu§h M¡e Cú¡¾c¡l ¢jSÑ¡−L ®cn¡¿¹¢la L−l l¡øÌ J plL¡l fÐd¡−e fc cMm L−lez HeHj M¡e ¢œ−nl cn−Ll ®no ¢c−L hÐ¡þZh¡s£u¡l Hp¢XJ ¢R−mez Sy¡c−lm A¢gp¡l ¢q−p−h c¡f−Vl p¡−b ¢a¢e n¡pe L−l−Rez ®m¡L¢V hsC L¢laLjÑ¡ ¢R−mez hÊ¡þZh¡s£u¡l HL¡w−n −py−Ql Ai¡−h gpm q−a¡ e¡z ¢a¢e ®üµR¡−ph¡l X¡L ¢c−u jqL¤j¡l fÐ¢a¢V h¡¢s ®b−L HLSe L−l ®m¡L−L M¡m L¡V¡l L¡−S m¡¢N−u ¢aa¡p ec£ ®b−L f¡¢e ®eh¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ L−lez 1936 p¡−ml Lb¡z B¢j aMe LÓ¡p g¡C−i f¢sz Bj¡−cl h¡¢s ®b−L Bî¡ ®N−mez ¢g−l H−p Bî¡ hm−me ®k, j¡¢V L¡V¡l SeÉ Bî¡l j−a¡ ®f¡n¡L J hu−pl ®m¡L−cl−L h¡dÉ Ll¡ qu¢ez q¡S¡l q¡S¡l j¡e¤o ®üµR¡−ph¡l j¡dÉ−j L−uL¢c−el j−dÉ ¢hl¡V M¡m Mee L−l ®g−mz Hp¢XJ a¡−cl−L öd¤ p¡j¡eÉ M¡h¡l ¢c−u H−a¡ ¢hl¡V L¡S L¢l−u ¢e−a prj q−mez 58

fÐ¢ahRl LQ¤¢lf¡e¡ hoÑ¡L¡−m S¢jl gpm eø Ll−a¡z HeHj M¡e glj¡e S¡¢l Ll−me, ph¡C−L LQ¤¢lf¡e¡ dhwp Ll¡l c¡¢uaÅ f¡me Ll−a q−hz k¡l h¡¢sl p¡j−e LQ¤¢lf¡e¡ f¡Ju¡ k¡−h a¡l lr¡ ®eCz Bj¡−cl h¡¢sl p¡j−el ®X¡h¡l LQ¤¢lf¡e¡ EW¡−e¡ q−m¡z ec£−a k−a¡ ®e±L¡ Q−m ph j¡¢T J ®e±L¡l B−l¡q£−cl−L ¢e−cÑn ®cJu¡ q−m¡ q−m¡ ®k, Qm¡l pju ®e±L¡ ®b−L e¡N¡m f¡Ju¡ k¡u Hje LQ¤¢lf¡e¡ ®e±L¡u a¤−m ¢e−u öLe¡u ®gm−a q−hz H ¢e−cÑn p¡l¡ jqL¤j¡u f¡me L−l SeNZ Qlj Be¤N−aÉl f¢lQu ¢c−m¡z Hje pgm n¡pL Aa¤me£uz NÒf ö−e¢R ®k, HL ¢X¢‰ ®e±L¡l j¡¢T HL¢V hs ®e±L¡l j¡¢T−L ¢QvL¡l L−l hm−R, “®q j¡¢T! ®a¡j¡l ®e±L¡l f¡−nl LQ¤¢lf¡e¡ e¡ a¤−mC ®L¡eÚ p¡q−p a¤¢j Q−m k¡−µR? Bj¡−cl Hp¢XJ p¡−q−hl ýL¤j Aj¡eÉ Ll−R¡z OVe¡œ²−j I ®e±L¡u HeHj M¡e üuw ¢R−mez ¢a¢e ®e±L¡ b¡¢j−u I ¢X¢‰ ®e±L¡l j¡¢T−L ®X−L f¤lúªa Ll−mez Bj¡l Øfø j−e B−Rz HLh¡l HeHj M¡e ¢hl¡V HL ®e±L¡u Bj¡−cl NË¡−j H−mez aMe hoÑ¡l f¡¢e L−j ®N−Rz NZÉj¡eÉ ®m¡L−cl−L X¡L−mez Bî¡J ®N−mez Bî¡l p¡−b B¢jJ ®Nm¡jz HeHj M¡e ®e±L¡ ®b−L e¡j−mez HLV¡ hs M¡−ml f¡−nC ®e±L¡¢V hy¡d¡z ¢e−Q ®e−j NZÉj¡eÉ ®m¡L−cl p¡−b h¡wm¡u Lb¡ hm−mez qW¡v ¢a¢e a¡¢L−u ®c−Me, M¡−ml f¡¢e−a LQ¤¢lf¡e¡z ®kph ®m¡L a¡j¡n¡ ®cM−a H−p−R, ph¡C−L ¢a¢e I ¢c−L Cn¡l¡ L−l hm−me, LQ¤¢lf¡e¡ EW¡Jz CE¢eu−el cg¡c¡lJ ®m¡L−c−l−L LQ¤¢lf¡e¡ EW¡−a a¡¢Nc ¢c−m¡z ¢a¢e cg¡c¡−ll q¡−al m¡¢W ®L−s ¢e−u cg¡c¡−ll f¡−ul ®N¡R¡u ®S¡−l BO¡a L−l hm−me, “a¤¢j k¡J e¡ ®L−e¡” m¡¢Wl BO¡−a ®hQ¡l¡l f¡−u lš² ®hl q−u ®N−m¡z ah¤ ®p LQ¤¢lf¡e¡ a¤m−a ®N−m¡z B¢j i−u S−s¡p−s¡ q−u Bî¡l q¡a d−l hy¡Q¡l ®Qø¡ Llm¡jz HeHj M¡e Hje f¡Nm¡ A¢gp¡lC ¢R−mez hÐ¡þZh¡s£u¡ nq−ll ¢hMÉ¡a ¢eu¡S j¤q¡Çjc ú¤m J ¢eu¡S j¤q¡Çjc j¡W ®pC Hp¢XJlC pÈª¢a hqe Ll−Rz

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hm−me, “S¡−ee ®L¡b¡u k¡−µRe?” hmm¡j, “a¡l¡ Bj¡−L ¢LR¤−aC hm−me e¡ h−mC ®a¡ Bfe¡l L¡−R S¡e−a Hm¡jz” ¢a¢e hm−me, “BS V¡Ee q−m C−¾c¡−e¢nu¡l eaÑL£−cl Ae¤ù¡e q−µRz L−m−Sl Ni¢eÑw h¢Xl ®fÐ¢p−X¾V ¢q−p−h L−m−Sl ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡−ml ¢eLV ¢X¢ØVÌƒ jÉ¡¢S−ØVÌV (pL¡−m ¢X¢p hm¡ q−a¡ e¡, ¢XHj hm¡ q−a¡) p¡−qh AdÉ¡fL−cl SeÉ ¢he¡j§mÉ ¢V−LV f¡¢W−u−Rez AdÉ¡fL−cl pÇj¡−el M¡¢a−l p−h¡ÑµQ j§−mÉl ¢V−LVC f¡W¡−e¡ q−u−Rz ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡m p¡−qh Bj¡−LJ ¢c−a ®Q−u¢R−mez B¢j ¢e−a l¡¢S qC¢ez” ¢ejÀj§−mÉl Bp−e AdÉ¡fLl¡ k¡−he e¡z Bl EµQ j§−mÉl ¢V−LV Arj h−mC ¢he¡j§−mÉ ¢V−LV f¡W¡−mez B¢j hmm¡j, “¢fÐ¢¾pf¡m p¡−qh ®a¡ Bj¡−L ¢V−LV ®ce¢ez hÉ¡f¡l ¢L?” ¢a¢e hm−me, “Bf¢e S¡e−m qu−a¡ H ¢V−LV ¢h¢m e¡ Ll¡l SeÉ a¡−L Q¡f −c−hez” A¿¹l ®b−L Bõ¡ql fÐ¢a öL¢lu¡ ‘¡fe L−l hmm¡j, “c£−el c¡Ju¡a HjeC HL jkh¤a lr¡LhQ ®k, c¡u£ Cm¡õ¡ql ¢eLV h¡¢a−ml fr ®b−L c¡Ju¡a ¢c−a p¡qpC f¡u e¡z” fl¢ce ¢VQÑ¡p Ljel¦−j Blh£l AdÉ¡fL−L ¢S−‘p Llm¡j, “¢L j¡Jm¡e¡ p¡−qh! ®no fkÑ¿¹ Bf¢eJ e¡Q ®c−M H−me?” m¢‹a q−u Bj¡l c¤’q¡a d−l hm−me, “Aj¤L Aj¤−L ¢j−m Bj¡−L d−l ¢e−u ®N−Rz” c¤hÑm Dj¡−el ®m¡−Ll¡ H S¡a£u SJu¡hC ¢c−u b¡−Lz

¢àa£u cg¡ LjÑp§¢Q 1955 p¡−ml S¡e¤u¡¢ll ®no ¢c−L S¡e¡ ®N−m¡ ®k, ¢XHj p¡−qh (L−m−Sl Ni¢eÑw h¢Xl ®fÐ¢p−X¾V) h¡wm¡l AdÉ¡fL Sj£l¦Ÿ£e Bqjc J Ec§Ñ-g¡¢pÑl AdÉ¡fL °puc Cpq¡L Bqjc−L AbÉ¡fe¡l fc ®b−L CÙ¹g¡ ¢c−L h¡dÉ L−l−Rez Sj£l¦Ÿ£e p¡−qh ®a¡ ’52 p¡−m l¡øÌi¡o¡ B−¾c¡m−el Afl¡−d Bj¡l p¡−bC L¡l¡−i¡N L−lez AdÉ¡fL Cpq¡L J Sj£l¦Ÿ£e EiuC S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l L−mS CE¢e−Vl LjÑ£z a¡l¡ Bl l¡Se£¢a Ll−he e¡ h−m ¢m¢Ma j¤Q−mL¡ ¢c−a l¡¢S e¡ qJu¡u a¡−cl−L ¢lS¡Ce ¢c−a h¡dÉ Ll¡ quz Cpm¡−jl C¢aq¡−pl AdÉ¡fL ®N¡m¡j l¡p§m J Aw−Ll AdÉ¡fL Bh¤m M¡−ul L−mS CE¢e−Vl Lj£Ñ ¢R−me h−mC a¡−cl−L j¤Q−mL¡ ¢c−a Q¡f ¢c−m a¡l¡ a¡ ¢c−u Q¡L¢l hq¡m l¡M−mez AdÉ¡fL ®N¡m¡j l¡p§m f−l l¡Sn¡q£ ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m−u AdÉ¡fe¡ L−lez ¢XHj p¡−qh Bj¡−L ay¡l h¡p¡u p¡r¡−al SeÉ Mhl f¡W¡−mez ay¡l ®R−m ¢hH LÓ¡−p Bj¡l R¡œz ®pC S¡e¡−m¡, “Bî¡ Bfe¡l p¡−b Sl¦¢l B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−a Q¡ez a¡C h¡p¡u k¡h¡l SeÉ c¡Ju¡a ¢c−mez” ¢XHj Se¡h gSm¤l lqj¡e f¢ÕQjh−‰l ®m¡Lz hÉ¢š²Nai¡−h i¡−m¡ j¡e¤o Hhw M¤hC iâz fÐn¡pL ¢q−p−h c¡fV ®cM¡−ae e¡z B¢j ay¡l ®R−ml j¡dÉ−j Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el hC f¡W¡a¡jz ¢a¢e a¡ f−s ®R−ml q¡−aC ®gla f¡W¡−ae Hhw B−l¡ hC Q¡C−aez ¢nrL fÐ¢a¢e¢d ¢q−p−h L−mS Ni¢eÑw h¢Xl °hW−L ¢a¢e Bj¡l ja¡ja−L …l¦aÅ ¢c−aez Bj¡−L pÇj¡e ®cM¡−ae h−m Ae¤ih Lla¡jz ®M¡m¡ j−eC ay¡l h¡p¡u ®Nm¡jz 64.

¢àa£u cg¡ ®NËç¡l ¢XHj p¡−q−hl h¡p¡u kb¡pj−u q¡¢Sl qm¡jz ¢a¢e °hWLM¡e¡l clS¡uC Bj¡−L AiÉbÑe¡ S¡¢e−u q¡a d−l ®ia−l M¡p L¡jl¡u ¢e−u ®N−mez Bj¡−L pÇj¡−el p¡−bC hp−a h−m ¢e−SJ hp−mez ¢j¢eV ®c−sL ¢e−Ql ¢c−L ®Q−u lC−mez j−e qu, ¢Li¡−h Lb¡ öl¦ Ll−he a¡ i¡h−Rez Lb¡ öl¦ Ll−mez ¢L¿º Bjl ¢c−L a¡L¡−a ®k−e¡ pw−L¡Q−h¡d Ll−Rez hm−me, “Bj¡l ®R−ml ¢fÐu ¢nrL ¢q−p−h Bfe¡−L B¢j nÐÜ¡ L¢lz Ni¢eÑw h¢Xl pcpÉ ¢q−p−h Bj¡l ¢eLV Bfe¡l jkÑ¡c¡ l−u−Rz Bc−nÑl fa¡L¡h¡q£ ¢q−p−h Bfe¡−L B¢j i¡−m¡h¡¢pz H−a¡ph p−šÆJ Bfe¡−L Hje Lb¡ Bj¡−L hm−a q−µR, k¡ Bj¡l ¢h−hL-¢h−l¡d£z “haÑj¡e plL¡l fÐ−aÉL ®Sm¡u 3 pcpÉ¢h¢nø ¢û¢ew L¢j¢V L−l−Rz lwf¤−l L¢j¢Vl ®Qu¡ljÉ¡e ¢XHj ¢q−p−h B¢jz Afl c¤’Se q−me, Hp¢f J plL¡¢l E¢Lmz L¢j¢V−L c¡¢uaÅ ®cJu¡ q−u−R, ®Sm¡l pLm ¢nr¡ fÐ¢aù¡e ®b− l¡Se£¢al p¡−b S¢sa ¢nrL−cl h¢q×L¡−ll hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll−a q−hz l¡Se£¢al p¡−b S¢sa b¡L−h e¡ h−m j¤Q−mL¡ ¢c−m a¡−cl−L fl£r¡j§mLi¡−h HL hR−ll pju ®cJu¡ q−hz j¤Q−mL¡ e¡ ¢c−m a¡−cl ¢eLV ®b−L CÙ¹g¡e¡j¡ ¢e−a q−hz H fÜ¢a Ae¤k¡u£ L−m−Sl AdÉ¡fL−cl c¤’Se j¤Q−mL¡ ¢c−me J c¤’Se ¢lS¡Ce Ll−mez Bf¢e ¢L ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ®e−he ®p ¢ho−u B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡l SeÉC H p¡r¡−al hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll−a q−m¡z”

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¢a¢e BlJ hm−me, “lwf¤l ®Sm¡l pLm ú¤m J L−m−Sl Ah¡¢”a ¢nrL−cl ¢hl¡V a¡¢mL¡ ¢û¢ew L¢j¢V °a¢l L−l−Rz ‘CE Vf cÉ¡ ¢mØV’z B¢j Bfe¡−L Bj¡l A¢g−p ¢e−u B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡ fR¾c L¢l¢ez” B¢j d£−l p¤−ÙÛ hmm¡j, “H ¢ho−u Bj¡l ¢LR¤C LlZ£u B−R h−m B¢j j−e L¢l e¡z j¤Q−mL¡l ®a¡ fÐnÀC J−W e¡z ®k L¡l−Z ¢lS¡Ce ®ch¡l c¡¢h Ll¡ q−µR, ®p L¡lZ−L B¢j °hd j−e L¢l e¡z k¢c HLSe R¡œJ A¢i−k¡N L−l ®k, B¢j ®k¡NÉ ¢nrL eC, aq−m B¢j AhnÉC ¢lS¡Ce ®c−h¡z plL¡−ll AeÉ¡u Q¡−f B¢j ¢LR¤−aC e¢a ü£L¡l Ll−h¡ e¡z” ¢a¢e hm−me, “Bf¢e H lLj SJu¡h ®c−he h−mC Bj¡l Bnˆ¡ ¢R−m¡z ah¤ plL¡−ll ¢h¢d f¡m−el fÐ−u¡S−e Bfe¡l p¡−b B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−a q−m¡z” ppÇj¡−e h¡¢sl ®NV fkÑ¿¹ H−p Bj¡−L ¢hc¡u S¡e¡−mez B¢j ¢e¢ÕQa ¢Rm¡j ®k, Bj¡−L ®NËç¡l Ll¡ q−hz 52 p¡−m B¢j J AdÉ¡fL Sj£l¦Ÿ£e lwf¤l nq−l ®fÐç¡l qCz L−mS LÉ¡Çf¡p ®b−L Caxf§−hÑ L¡E−L LM−e¡ ®NËç¡l Ll¡ qu¢ez ¢h¢VÊn Bj−m HL AdÉ¡fL−L ®NËç¡l Ll¡l SeÉ f¤¢m−nl fr ®b−L ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡−ml ¢eLV Ae¤j¢a Q¡Ju¡ q−m ¢a¢e Ae¤j¢a −ce¢ez B¢j I p¡r¡−al fl L−mS LÇf¡Eä ®b−L C−µR L−lC L−uL¢ce −hl qC¢ez L−mS ®b−L ®NËç¡l Ll¡l Ae¤j¢a ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡m p¡−qh ®ce ¢Le¡ a¡ fl£r¡ Ll¡ fÐ−u¡Se j−e Llm¡jz ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡m p¡−qh ¢hq¡l ®b−L ¢qSla L−l H−p−Rez ¢a¢e Bm£Ns ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m−u AdÉue Ll¡u ay¡−L Ni¢eÑw h¢X …l¦−aÅl p¡−bC ¢e−u¡N ¢c−u¢R−m¡z hÉ¢š²Nai¡−h M¤hC Aj¡¢uL J iâ ¢R−mez ¢L¿º fÐn¡pe c¤hÑm h−mC ®cM¡ ®N−Rz 6 ®ghÐ¦u¡¢l (1955) pL¡m 7 V¡u L−mS LÉ¡Çf−p Ah¢ÙÛa Bj¡l h¡p¡ ®b−LC f¤¢mn Bj¡−L ®fÐç¡l Ll−m¡z ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡−ml Ae¤j¢a ®Q−u¢R−m¡ ¢Le¡ a¡J S¡¢e e¡z Bj¡−L ab¡L¢ba Se¢el¡fš¡ BC−e ®NËç¡l Ll¡ q−u−R h−m S¡e¡−m¡z lwf¤l ®S−ml ®Sm¡l p¡−qh Se¡h Ju¡¢qc¤‹¡j¡e ®Sm A¢g−p Bj¡−L AiÉbÑe¡ S¡e¡−mez AdÉ¡fL Sj£lEŸ£−el hå¤ ¢q−p−h f§hÑf¢l¢Qa qJu¡ R¡s¡J ’52 p¡−m H −S−m HLj¡p ay¡l ašÆ¡hd¡−eC ¢Rm¡jz ’52 p¡−m ®NËç¡−ll f§−hÑ ¢X¢in−el hÉhÙÛ¡ e¡ Ll¡u ®Sm¡l p¡−qh ¢hhÐa q−u ¢hno hÉhÙÛ¡ Ll−a h¡dÉ q−u¢R−mez Hh¡l ¢X¢ine ¢e−uC ®S−m fÐ−hn Ll¡l ®p±i¡NÉ q−m¡z −S−ml f§h-Ñ A¢i‘a¡l L¡l−Z HL¢V p¤V−Lp fÐ−u¡Se£u ¢S¢epfœ Hhw ¢LR¤ hC ¢em¡jz ®Sm ®N−V ®Øfn¡m ®h−’l f¤¢mn p¤V−Lp M¤−m hC…−m¡ fªbL L−l hm−m¡ ®k, ®p¾pl L−l f−l ®cJu¡ q−hz B¢j a¡gq£j¤m L¤lB−el 1j Mä (EcÑ¤) f¤¢m−nl q¡a ®b−L ®L−s ¢e−u hmm¡j, “Bj¡l p¡−bC H a¡gp£l ®S−m Y¤L−hz AeÉ hC ¢e−u k¡ez hC La¢ce fl ®gla ®c−he S¡¢e e¡z H Lu¢ce B¢j AdÉue R¡s¡ pju L¡V¡−h¡ ®Lje L−l? ¢h−no L−l H a¡gp£l −l¡SC Bj¡−L c£OÑ pju AdÉue Ll−a quz n¢š²fÐ−u¡N L−l k¢c Bj¡l q¡a ®b−L ¢R¢e−u ¢e−a Q¡e a¡q−m Bm¡c Lb¡z B¢j ®üµR¡u HV¡ Bfe¡−cl q¡−a a¤−m ®c−h¡ e¡z” −Sm¡l p¡−qh J f¤¢mn Ei−uC ¢hhÐa ®h¡d Ll−mez ®Sm¡l p¡−qh hm−me, L¤lBe nl£g ¢L ®p¾pl R¡s¡ ®cJu¡ k¡u e¡? f¤¢mn hm−m¡, L¡l ®mM¡ a¡gp£l Bjl¡ S¡¢e e¡z B¢j hmm¡j, “j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l ®mM¡ a¡gp£l ‘a¡gp£l L¤lBe’z Ec¤Ñ−a ®mM¡ a¡gp£l ®p¾pl Ll¡l ®m¡L B−R Bfe¡−cl L¡−R?” −no fkÑ¿¹ a¡gp£lpqC ®S−m fÐ−hn Llm¡jz L−uL¢ce fl HL f¤¢mn A¢gp¡l ®p¾pl Ll¡ hC…−m¡pq ®S−m Bj¡l L¡jl¡u H−p ¢c−u ®N−me Hhw a¡gp£−l m¡N¡h¡l SeÉ p£m p¡−b ¢e−u H−mez a¡gp£−ll ®no f¡a¡u p£m ®j−l ¢a¢e cÙ¹Ma Ll−mez ¢he¡ ®p¾p−l ®L¡e hC ®S−m Be−a ®cJu¡ qu e¡z H jq¡e ¢euj f¡m−el fÐ−u¡S−e p£m−L Hhw cÙ¹MaL¡l£ A¢gp¡l−L ¢euj i‰ L−l ®S−m Bp−a q−m¡z ®N¡V¡ hÉ¡f¡lV¡C Bj¡l ¢eLV ®hn ®L±a¤Lf§ZÑ j−e q−m¡z

Bj¡l −NËç¡−ll fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡ B¢j pL¡m 7 V¡u ®NËç¡l qm¡jz Mhl â¦a R¢s−u fs−m¡z 10 V¡u LÓ¡p öl¦ qh¡l Lb¡z ®R−ml¡ LÓ¡−p e¡ ¢N−u h¡C−l ph¡C Sj¡−ua q−m¡z R¡œ−ea¡l¡ fÐb−j Bf¢š a¤m−m¡ ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡−ml ¢hl¦−Üz f¤¢mn−L ®L−e¡ LÉ¡Çf−p Y¤L¡l Ae¤j¢a ®cJu¡ q−m¡? ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡m p¡−qh S¡e¡−me ®k, a¡l ¢eLV Ae¤j¢a Q¡Ju¡ qu¢ez ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡m p¡−q−hl fr ®b−L c¤’Se AdÉ¡fL R¡œ−cl−L BnÄ¡p ¢c−m¡ ®k, HL j¡−pl SeÉ BVL¡−cn ®cJu¡ q−u−Rz ®ghÐ¦u¡¢l j¡p f¡l q−u ®N−m Bn¡ Ll¡ k¡u ®k, j¤š² q−u Bp−hez ’52 p¡−mJ HL j¡pC ®S−m ¢R−mez R¡œl¡ ®j¡V¡j¤¢V BnÄÙ¹ q−u LÓ¡−p ®N−m¡z 61

I¢ceC l¡−a Ni¢eÑ h¢Xl °hWL q−m¡z ¢pÜ¡¿¹ NËqZ Ll¡ q−m¡ ®k, AdÉ¡fL p¡−qh h¡lh¡l ®NËç¡l qe h−m R¡œ−cl fs¡l ¢hl¡V r¢a quz a¡C a¡−L H L−m−Sl Q¡L¢l ®b−L AhÉ¡q¢a ®cJu¡ q−m¡z −hQ¡l¡ ¢XHj p¡−qh d¡lZ¡ Ll−a f¡−le¢e ®k, Hl fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡ La iu¡hq q−a f¡−lz L−mS ®b−L f¢m¢VLÉ¡m HÉ¡¢m−j¾V−cl−L h¢q×L¡l Ll¡l plL¡¢l ¢e−cÑn f¡m−el a¡¢N−c ¢a¢e Ni¢eÑw h¢Xl Efl Q¡f pª¢ø L−l H ¢pÜ¡¿¹ Ll¡−mez B¢j 6 a¡¢lM ®NËç¡l qm¡j 7 a¡¢l−M R¡œ−cl−L ®L¡e lL−j LÓ¡p Ll−a l¡¢S Ll¡ ®N−m¡z 8 a¡¢l−M R¡œl¡ l£¢aj−a¡ j¡lj¤M£ q−u qla¡m Ll−m¡ Hhw Bj¡−L Q¡L¢l−a f§ehÑq¡m Ll¡l c¡¢h S¡e¡−m¡z qla¡m −WL¡h¡l SeÉ f¤¢mn X¡L¡ q−m¡z ®eaªÙÛ¡e£u L−uLSe R¡œ−L ®NËç¡l Ll¡ q−m¡z f¤¢m−nl p¡−b R¡œ−cl pwOÑo q−m¡z ¢h−L−m S¡em¡j ®k, 4/5 Se R¡œ ®NËç¡l q−u ®S−m H−p−Rz Bj¡l p¡−b p¡r¡−al p¤−k¡N ¢R−m¡ e¡z ®Sm f¤¢mn J L−uc£−cl j¤−M H Mhl S¡em¡jz fl¢ce BlJ ®S¡lc¡l J EµRª´Mm qla¡l q−m¡z BlJ LaL R¡œ−L ®NËç¡l Ll¡l Mhl ®fm¡jz aªa£u ¢c−eJ qla¡m hå Ll−a e¡ ®f−l L−m−Sl Ni¢eÑw h¢X l¡−a Cj¡l−S¢¾p °hWL L−l ¢ae j¡−pl SeÉ L−mS R¤¢V ®O¡oZ¡ Ll−m¡z ljk¡−el R¤¢V j¡p Hhw NË£−oÈl R¤¢V A¢NËj c¤’j¡p ¢j¢m−u c£OÑ R¤¢V ¢c−u LaªÑfr qla¡−ml ®j¡L¡¢hm¡ Ll−a h¡dÉ q−m¡z ®q¡−ØV−ml ®R−m−cl−L h¡¢s Q−m ®k−a h¡dÉ Ll¡ q−m¡ Hhw fl¢ce L−m−S fÐ−h−nl pLm fb f¤¢mn ¢c−u Ahl¦Ü Ll¡ q−m¡, k¡−a ®L¡e R¡œ h¡C−l ®b−L L−m−S Y¤L−a e¡ f¡−lz H Lu¢c−e 21 Se R¡œ−L lwf¤l ®S−m BVL Ll¡ q−u−R h−m Se¡ ®N−m¡z H ¢e−u ®S−ml ®ia−l l¡Sh¢¾c, L−uc£ J f¤¢m−nl j−dÉ hÉ¡fL QQÑ¡ q−a m¡N−m¡z ®L±a¤L L−l B¢j −Sm¡l p¡−qh−L hmm¡j, ®cM¤e! H R¡œl¡ Bj¡l L¡−R fs−a Q¡uz Bj¡−L L−m−S ®k−c ®cJu¡ q−µR e¡ h−m Jl¡ HM¡−e Q−m H−p−Rz J−cl−L ¢e−u LÓ¡p Ll¡ p¤−k¡N ¢cez −Sm¡l p¡−qh j¤Q¢L ®q−p Q−m ®N−mez qla¡−ml p¤−k¡N e¡ b¡L¡u L−mS n¡¿¹z L−uL¢ce fl R¡œ−cl−L ®R−s ®cJu¡ quz

R¡œ−cl B−¾c¡m−e Bj¡l fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡ ¢nr−Ll S£h−e ph−Q−u j§mÉh¡e ASÑe q−m¡ R¡œ−cl i¡−m¡h¡p¡ f¡Ju¡z Bj¡−L Q¡L¢lQ¤Éa Ll¡u R¡œl¡ ®k a£hÐ fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡ fÐcnÑe L−l−R, a¡−a L¡l¡−i¡−Nl ph ®hce¡ c§l q−u ®N−m¡z R¡œ−cl ¢ae¢V c¡¢h ¢R−m¡z Bj¡−L ®Sm ®b−L j¤¢š² ¢c−a q−h, Q¡L¢l−a f¤ehÑq¡m Ll−a q−h Hhw c¤hm Ñ ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡m−L Afp¡lZ Ll−a q−hz ¢el¡fš¡ BC−e fÐbj HL j¡−pl BVL¡−cn ®cJu¡ quz f−l fÐ−u¡S−e 1, 2 h¡ 3 j¡−pl SeÉ ®ju¡c hª¢Ü Ll¡ quz B¢j i¡hm¡j ®k, k¢c HL j¡p fl Bh¡l ®ju¡c hª¢Ü Ll¡ qu, a¡q−m q¡C−L¡−VÑ l£V ¢f¢Vne Ll−a q−hz Bj¡l d¡lZ¡ ¢R−m¡ ®k, 21 ®ghÐ¦u¡¢l Efm−r ®kph Ae¤ù¡e, ¢h−r¡i J ¢j¢Rm q−h a¡−a ®k−e¡ B¢j ®k¡N ¢c−a e¡ f¡¢l, ®p SeÉC Bj¡−L BVL Ll¡ ®q−u−Rz Bj¡−L Q¡l¢lQ¤Éa Ll¡u j−e Llm¡j ®k, HL j¡p fl qu−a¡ Bj¡−L Bl BVL l¡M¡ fÐ−u¡Se j−e Ll−h e¡z j¡p ®no qh¡l B−Nl ¢ce Bjl BVL¡−cn BlJ ¢ae j¡p hª¢Ü Ll¡l ®e¡¢Vn ®fm¡jz pç¡qM¡−eL B−NJ H ®e¡¢Vn ¢c−a f¡l−a¡z ¢L¿º ®e¡¢VnV¡ Hje pju ®cJu¡C a¡−cl e£¢a, kMe h¢¾c j¤¢š²l Bn¡u EcNË£hz j¡e¢pL ¢cL ¢c−u HLV¤ ®h¢n Lø ¢c−a f¡l−mC LaªÑf−rl p¤Mz ®j±¢mL j¡eh¡¢dL¡l ¢h−l¡d£ H BC−el h−m La ®m¡L−L j¡−pl fl j¡p, hR−ll fl hRl Hi¡−h ¢he¡¢hQ¡−l BVL l¡M¡ q−µRz H L¡m¡L¡e¤e ¢hÐ¢Vn-n¡p−el ®N¡m¡¢j k¤N ®b−L Q−m Bp−Rz q¡C−L¡−VÑ ®q¢hu¡p LfÑ¡p j¡jm¡ L−l HL j¡p R¡¢în ¢ce fl Bc¡m−al ¢e−cÑn j¤¢š² f¡Cz

R¡œ−cl p¡−b Bj¡l O¢eùa¡l L¡lZ L−uL¢V L¡l−Z R¡œ−cl p¡−b M¤h O¢eù qh¡l p¤−k¡N ®f−u¢Rm¡jz L−mS R¡œ pwp−cl pi¡f¢a q−me ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡mz ¢nrL−cl HLSe−L ay¡l fr ®b− pwpc f¢lQ¡me¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ c¡¢uaÅ ®cJu¡ b¡−Lz lwf¤l L−m−S ®k L’hRl ¢Rm¡j H c¡¢uaÅ Bj¡l EflC eÉÙ¹ ¢R−m¡z Y¡L¡ ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m−ul R¡œ b¡L¡L¡−m qm H ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡mu CE¢eu−el ¢SHp ¢q−p−h A¢SÑa A¢i‘a¡ L¡−S m¡¢N−u R¡œ pwp−c ¢h¢iæ LjÑp§¢Ql j¡dÉ−j R¡œ−cl−L f¡WÉp§¢Q h¢qiÑ§a LjÑL¡−ä p¢œ²u l¡M¡l ®Qø¡ Lla¡jz Hl g−m h¢qjÑ¤M£ pLm R¡−œl p¡−bC Bj¡l O¢eù pÇfLÑ N−s J−Wz

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67

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68

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ay¡l ¢Q¢W ®f−u fÐb−j ¢h¢pÈa qm¡jz ¢Q¢W f−s f¤m¢La J Eõ¡¢La qm¡jz ¢Q¢W ®b−L h¤T−a f¡lm¡j, Bj¡l pjuL¡l ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡m n¡q¡h¤Ÿ£e Bqjc ¢hc¡u ¢e−u−Re Hhw Xƒl BnL¡l Bm£−L plL¡l ‘Ae ¢Xf¤−Vne’ ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡−ml c¡¢uaÅ ¢c−u−Rez ¢Q¢Wl jjÑ ¢ejÀl©fx “B¢j Be−¾cl p¡−b Bfe¡−L S¡e¡¢µR ®k, H L−m−Sl R¡œl¡ Bfe¡−L Bh¡l a¡−cl AdÉ¡fL ¢q−p−h ®f−a Q¡uz a¡l¡ Ni¢eÑw h¢Xl ¢eLV ®S¡l c¡¢h S¡e¡uz Ni¢eÑw h¢XJ Bfe¡−L L−m−S f¤ehÑq¡m Ll−a pÇjaz Bfe¡l H Se¢fÐua¡u B¢j A¢ii§az a¡C L−m−Sl ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡m ¢q−p−h Bfe¡l ¢eLV Bj¡l fÐÙ¹¡hx “Bf¢e L−m−S AdÉ¡fL ¢q−p−h ®k¡Nc¡e Ll−a pÇja q−m A¢hm−ð Q−m Bp¤ez k¢c Q¡l¢L−a hq¡m q−a Q¡e a¡q−mJ lwf¤−l H−p ®h¢s−u k¡ez L−mS Bfe¡−L ¢hc¡u pðdÑe¡ S¡¢e−u pÇj¡−el p¡−b AhÉ¡q¢a ®c−hz ®ki¡−h Bfe¡−L ¢hc¡u Ll¡ q−u−R, a¡ R¡œ J A¢ii¡hLN−Zl ¢eLV AaÉ¿¹ Bf¢šLlz Bj¡l fÐÙ¹¡h Bfe¡l ¢eLV NËqZ−k¡NÉ ¢Le¡ A¢hm−ð S¡e¡ez” H ¢Q¢W Bj¡l j−e ¢L aª¢ç ¢c−u−R, a¡ i¡o¡u fÐL¡n Ll¡ Apñhz B¢j S£h®el ¢jne ¢q−p−h AdÉ¡fe¡l −fn¡ NËqZ L−l¢Rm¡jz 1955 p¡−m Q¡L¢l ®b−L ¢hc¡u q−u¢Rz ¢L¿º L−uL hRl f§−hÑ fkÑ¿¹J hýh¡l ü−fÀ ®c−M¢R ®k, B¢j L−m−S Bh¡l ¢nrLa¡ Ll¢Rz H üfÀ¢V Bj¡l ¢fÐu üfÀ…−m¡l HL¢V, k¡ ®cM¡l p¤M HM−e¡ Ae¤i¤a quz H ¢h−hQe¡u Bj¡l fr −b−L Eš² fÐÙ¹¡h m¤−g ®eh¡lCz ¢L¿º C−a¡j−dÉ B¢j S£h−el hªqšl mrÉ ¢e¢cÑø L−l ®g−m¢Rz a¡C L−m−S ¢g−l k¡h¡l ¢på¡¿¹ ®eJu¡ ®N−m e¡z Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−e B¢j ¢nr−Ll i§¢jL¡ f¡m−eC aª¢ç ®h¡d Ll¢Rz R¡œ−cl hc−m pwNW−el LjÑ£−cl N−s a¤mh¡l LjÑp§¢QC Bj¡l ph−Q−u ¢fÐu L¡Sz B¢j j−e L¢l ®k, B¢j ¢nrLa¡ aÉ¡N L¢l¢e, LjÑ−rœ f¢lhaÑe L−l¢R j¡œz B¢j Ll¡Q£−a ®k …l¦aÅf§ZÑ c¡¢uaÅ f¡m−e avfl HV¡ j¤ma¢h Ll¡lJ Ef¡u ®eCz k¢c B¢j I pju ®c−n b¡La¡j a¡q−m qu−a¡ ¢àa£u fÐÙ¡¹ h¢V Lh¤m Lla¡jz B¢j ¢fÐ¢¾pf¡−ml ¢Q¢Wl SJu¡−h ¢mMm¡j, “Bfe¡l B¿¹¢lLa¡f§ZÑ ¢Q¢Wl SeÉ Ni£l öL¢lu¡ S¡e¡Cz Bfe¡l j§mÉh¡e fÐÙ¹¡h ®f−u B¢j AaÉ¿¹ j¤‡z ¢L¿º Bj¡l f−r L−m−S Bh¡l ®k¡Nc¡e Ll¡ ¢LR¤−aC pñh euz lwf¤l ®k−u ppÇj¡−e ¢hc¡u ®eh¡l SeÉ k¡Ju¡J Apñhz Bfe¡−L Hhw Bfe¡l j¡dÉ−j L−m−Sl pLm R¡œ, R¡œ−cl A¢ii¡hL J Ni¢eÑw h¢Xl ¢eLV B¢j a¡−cl ALª¢œj i¡−m¡h¡p¡l SeÉ B¿¹¢lL Lªa‘a¡ S¡e¡Cz Bj¡l fÐ¢a ®k BQlZ Ll¡ q−u¢R−m¡, Bfe¡l ¢Q¢W ®p c¤xMJ pÇf§ZÑ i¤¢m−u ¢c−u−Rz” 68.

Ll¡Q£−a S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l p−Çjme NZf¢lo−cl pcpÉ−cl p¡−b mh£l L¡−S B¢j 1955 p¡−ml S¤m¡C −b−L ¢e−u¡¢Sa ¢Rm¡jz aMe f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el l¡Sd¡e£ ¢R−m¡ Ll¡Q£z ®pM¡−eC NZf¢lo−cl A¢d−hne Qm¢R−m¡z OVe¡œ²−j A−ƒ¡h−lC Ll¡Q£−a S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el ®L¾cÐ£u p−Çjme Ae¤¢ùa quz H p−Çjm−el ®k¡Nc¡−el ®p±i¡NÉ Bj¡l p¡wNW¢eL S£h−e …l¦aÅf§ZÑ OVe¡z H p−Çjm−el hÉhÙÛ¡fe¡ L¢j¢Vl Bqh¡uL ¢R−me S¡j¡u¡−al Ll¡Q£ nql n¡M¡l Bj£l ®Q±d¤l£ ®N¡m¡j j¤q¡Çjcz ¢hn¡m HL Hm¡L¡ S¤−s p−Çjm−el B−u¡Sez Hje QjvL¡l p¤nª´Mm ®L¡e p−Çjme Caxf§−hÑ LM−e¡ ®c¢M¢ez a¡C fÐhm Kvp¤LÉ ¢e−u B¢j hÉhÙÛ¡fe¡l pLm ¢cL My¤¢V−u My¤¢V−u ®cM¡ fÐ−u¡Se j−e Llm¡jz H−a k¡ −nM¡l p¤−k¡N ®fm¡j, a¡ hC-f¤ÙL ¹ f−s S¡e¡l ¢hou euz f§hÑ-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l p−Çjme B−u¡S−e Bj¡l I h¡Ù¹h A¢i‘a¡ L¡−S ®m−N−Rz I p−Çjm−e f¤hÑ-f¡¢LÙ¹¡e ®b−L fÐ¡−c¢nL Bj£l ®Q±d¤l£ Bm£ Bqjc M¡e, ®p−œ²V¡¢l j¡Jm¡e¡ j¤q¡Çjc Bhc¤l lq£j, l¡Sn¡q£ ¢hi¡−Nl Bj£l Bp¡c ¢Nm¡e£ Hhw AÒf L−uLSe Ec¤Ñi¡o£ l¦Le ®k¡Nc¡e L−lez p−Çjm−e ¢h¢iæ fÐ−c−nl l¦Le−cl SeÉ ¢e¢cÑø fÉ¡−äm ¢R−m¡z A¢d−hn−el SeÉ p¡S¡−e¡ fÉ¡−™m¢V ®cM¡l j−a¡ ¢R−m¡z hs hs Ar−l AbÑpq L¤lB−el Bu¡a J q¡c£−pl ¢hl¡V ¢hl¡V hÉ¡e¡l, j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l EÜª¢a pð¢ma fÐQ¤l ®f¡ØVl S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£l c¡Ju¡a£ ®f¡ØV¡l CaÉ¡¢c−a ®N¡V¡ fÉ¡−äm p¤−n¡¢ia ¢R−m¡z f¡a¡h¡q¡l J g¤−ml Vh QjvL¡li¡−h p¡S¡−e¡ ¢R−m¡z M¡Ju¡l fÉ¡−äm Bm¡c¡ ¢R−m¡z H dl−el p−Çjm−e M¡cÉ f¢l−hne, kb¡pj−u hÉhÙÛ¡ NËqZ Hhw ®X¢m−NV−cl p−¿¹¡o ASÑe Ll¡ ph−Q−u L¢We hÉ¡f¡lz H¢cL ¢c−uJ I p−Çjme p¤e¡−jl p¡−b Eš£ZÑz

79

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j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£l p¡−b c£OÑ HL¡¿¹ p¡r¡v p−Çjme Efm−r j¡Jm¡e¡ L−uL¢ce B−NC m¡−q¡l ®b−L Ll¡Q£ ®fy±−Rez p−Çjm−el f§−hÑ jS¢m−p n§l¡l HL¡¢dL ¯hWL Ll−mez Bjl¡ ®k 5 Se NZf¢loc pcpÉ−cl p¡−b mh£ Ll¡l c¡¢u−aÅ ¢e−u¡¢Sa ¢Rm¡j, j¡Jm¡e¡ a¡−cl−L X¡L−mez ¢a¢e Bj¡−cl avfla¡l ¢hhlZ S¡e−a Q¡C−me NZf¢loc pcpÉ−cl AhÙÛ¡ J a¡−cl j−dÉ Bj¡−cl ®Qø¡l fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡ ®S−e ¢e−mez ¢LR¤ j§mÉh¡e fl¡jnÑJ ¢c−me, k¡ flhaÑ£−a Bj¡−cl L¡−S ®m−N−Rz j¡Jm¡e¡l p¡−b H p¡r¡−al p¤−k¡N B¢j ay¡l ¢eLV O¸V¡M¡−e−Ll SeÉ HL¡¿¹ p¡r¡−al Bhc¡l S¡e¡m¡jz p−Çjme Efm−r BNa jS¢m−p n§l¡l °hWL J fÐ¡−c¢nL Bj£l−cl−L p¡r¡v c¡−e hÉÙ¹ b¡L¡ p−šÆJ ¢a¢e pju ¢c−a l¡¢S q−mez Bj¡l B−hNf§ZÑ Bhc¡l Lh¤m Ll¡u AaÉ¿¹ Be¢¾ca qm¡jz Bj¡l HL¢V Lb¡l ¢h−no …l¦aÅ ¢c−mez hmm¡j, “f§hÑf¡¢LÙ¹¡e ®b−L h¡l h¡l H−p Bfe¡l ¢eLV j−el Lb¡ M§−m hm¡l p¤−k¡N f¡Ju¡ Apñhz Bj¡l j−e Hje ¢LR¤ fÐnÀ B−R, k¡ öd¤ Bfe¡−LC Ll−a q−hz B−¾c¡m−el S£he H ph fÐ−nÀl SJu¡h Bj¡l SeÉ AaÉ¿¹ Sl¦¢lz” ¢a¢e HL O¸V¡ pju hl¡Ÿ Ll−mez ¢L¿º p¡r¡−al pju ®cs O¸V¡ Qm¡ p−šÆJ ¢a¢e Bf¢š L−le¢ez

Bj¡l fÐbj fÐnÀ kb¡pj−u j¡Jm¡e¡l p¡¢æ−dÉ ®fy±Rm¡jz ¢a¢e üi¡hp¤mi ¢j¢ø j¤Q¢L q¡¢p ¢c−u q¡a ¢jm¡−mez M¤h L¡R¡L¡¢R ®Qu¡−l hp−a hm−mez j¡−T −L¡e ®V¢h−mJ ¢R−m¡ e¡z hmm¡j, “Bj¡l fÐbj fÐnÀ¢V Bfe¡l pÇf−LÑCz Efjq¡−c−n MÉ¡ae¡j¡ B¢mj−cl a¡¢mL¡u Bfe¡l e¡j EµQ¡¢la qu e¡z hs ®L¡e j¡cÚl¡p¡ ®b−L ®L¡e ¢X¢NËJ Bf¢e q¡¢pm L−le¢e, AbQ Bf¢eC H k¤−N H Efjq¡−c−n phÑfÐbj Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el X¡L ¢c−mez Cpm¡j ®k öd¤ djÑ eu; Cpm¡j ®k HL¢V ¢hfÔh£ B−¾c¡me J f§Z¡Ñ‰ S£he ¢hd¡e, j¡eh pj¡−S Cpm¡j ®k ¢hSu£ qJu¡l SeÉC ®fÐ¢la q−u−R Hhw j¤p¢mj S£h−el Bpm LaÑhÉC ®k Bõ¡ql S¢j−e Bõ¡ql BCe L¡−uj Ll¡, H ph ¢hfÔh£ Lb¡ Bf¢e ®L¡b¡u, ¢Li¡−h ¢nM−me? Efjq¡−c−nl fÐMÉ¡a B−mjNZ k¡ S¡−ee h−m fÐj¡Z f¡C e¡, a¡ Bf¢e ®Lje L−l S¡e−me?” Ha ¢hl¡V fÐ−nÀl A¢a pw¢rç SJu¡−h hm−me, “B¢j ‘Bm-¢Sq¡c ¢gm Cpm¡j’ hC ®b−L H ph ¢n−M¢Rz” HV¤L¤ h−mC ¢a¢e j¤Q¢L ®q−p j¤−M f¡e ¢e−mez B¢j ®a¡ H SJu¡h ö−e qah¡Lz ¢hpÈu fÐL¡n L−l hmm¡j, “j¡Jm¡e¡ H hC¢V ®a¡ Bfe¡lC lQe¡z H hC ®b−L ®Lje L−l ¢nM−me B¢j h¤T−a f¡lm¡j e¡z” aMe ¢a¢e ¢hÙ¹¡¢la hÉ¡MÉ¡ ¢c−mez “1924 p¡−m ¢Mm¡ga B−¾c¡me hÉbÑ qh¡l fl j¤p¢mj S¡¢al Efl Qlj qa¡n¡ ®e−j B−pz ü¡j£ nÐÜ¡e¾c e¡−j HL ¢q¾c¤ djÑ£u ®ea¡ ‘ö¢Ü B−¾c¡me’ e¡−j j¤pmj¡e−cl−L ¢q¾c¤ d−jÑ ¢g−l Bp¡l Bqh¡e S¡e¡uz a¡l j−a, i¡l−al j¤pmj¡el¡ ¢q¾c¤ djÑ aÉ¡N L−lC Cpm¡j NËqZ L−l−Rz j¤pmj¡e−cl l¡SaÅ Maj q−u k¡h¡l fl a¡−cl Bh¡l ¢q¾c¤ q−u k¡Ju¡ E¢Qaz ®p Cpm¡j J l¡p§m (p)-Hl ¢hl¦−Ü SOeÉ i¡o¡u fÐQ¡l¡¢ik¡eJ Q¡m¡uz 1926 p¡−m Bhc¤l ln£c e¡−jl HLSe p¡d¡lZ j¤pmj¡e Eš² ®ea¡−L qaÉ¡ L−l ¢e−SC f¤¢m−nl ¢eLV dl¡ ®cez Bc¡m−a ¢a¢e fÐn¡¿¹ j−e ü£L¡l L−l h−me, “Cpm¡j J l¡p§−ml C‹a lr¡l SeÉ Bõ¡ql H c¤nje−L B¢j qaÉ¡ L−l¢Rz B¢j ¢hnÄ¡p L¢l, Hl g−m B¢j ®h−qna m¡i Ll−h¡z Bj¡−L Bfe¡l¡ gy¡¢p ¢c−a Q¡e ¢cez B¢j H SeÉ fÐÙ¹¤az” H OVe¡ p¡l¡ i¡l−a j¤pmj¡e−cl ¢hl¦−Ü ¢q¾c¤−cl−L ®r¢f−u ¢c−m¡z Hje¢L N¡å£l j−a¡ Ec¡lf¿Û£ ®ea¡J ¢hhª¢a−a hm−me, “j¤pmj¡e−cl C¢aq¡p ®b−L l−š²l Nå f¡Ju¡ k¡uz ¢Sq¡−cl ®fÐlZ¡ j¤pmj¡e−cl−L M¤e£ h¡e¡uz” B¢j aMe ¢c¢õ−a S¢ju−a Jm¡j¡−u ¢q−¾cl j¤Mfœ AdÑ-p¡ç¡¢qL ‘Bm S¢jua’ f¢œL¡l pÇf¡cLz 80

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B−¾c¡m−L cje Ll¡l SeÉ ®S−m ®cJu¡C k−bø j−e Ll−a f¡−lz ¢L¿º H S¡a£u j¤p¢mj l¡øÌ Hl SeÉ gy¡¢pl ýL¤j ¢c−aJ flJu¡ Ll−h e¡z” Bfe¡l H i¡o−Zl 13 hRl fl 1953 p¡−m f¡¢LÙ¹¡e plL¡l Bfe¡l EflC jªa¤Éc™ ®O¡oZ¡ Ll−m¡z Bf¢e Hje Øfø i¢hoÉà¡Z£ ¢Li¡−h EµQ¡lZ Ll−a f¡l−me? S¡Ju¡−h ¢a¢e hm−mex “B¢j i¢hoÉà¡Z£ ¢q−p−h h¢m¢ez OVe¡œ²−j Bj¡l EflC gy¡¢pl ýL¤j q−u ®N−m¡z Bp−m j¤p¢mj S¡¢al C¢aq¡−a ®cM¡ k¡u ®k, k¤−N k¤−N j¤p¢mj n¡pLl¡ Cpm¡j£ hÉ¢š²aÅ−L cje Ll¡l SeÉ AaÉ¿¹ L−W¡l J Aj¡e¢hL BQlZ L−lz Aj¤p¢mj n¡pLl¡ H−a¡V¡ ¢qwpËa¡ fÐL¡n L−l e¡z S¡¢aNai¡−h j¤¢pmjl¡ ®k−e¡ ¢rç e¡ qu, ®p¢c−L ®Mu¡m ®l−MC Aj¤p¢mj−cl fc−rf ¢e−a quz ¢L¿º j¤p¢mj n¡pL−cl f−r j¤p¢mj−cl ¢hl¡V pjbÑe b¡−L h−mC a¡l¡ eªpwp q−a ¢àd¡ L−l e¡z Cu¡¢S−cl n¡peL¡m ®b−L öl¦ L−l k¤−N k¤−N fÐQ¤l Ec¡qlZ l−u−Rz H ph ¢aL ¢h−hQe¡ L−lC B¢j H nˆ¡ fÐL¡n L−l¢Rz H k¤−NJ ®cM¤e j¤p¢mj ¢h−nÄ ¢L q−µR? ¢jp−l S¡j¡m e¡−pl CMJu¡e¤m j¤p¢mj¤e−cl Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me−L cje Ll¡l SeÉ ®k ¢qwpËa¡ J eªnwpa¡l f¢lQu ¢c−u−R, HjeV¡ ®L¡e Aj¤p¢mj n¡pL Ll−R e¡ f¡¢LÙ¹¡e, a¤lú, ¢p¢lu¡, Cl¡L, CaÉ¡¢c l¡−øÌ j¤p¢mj e¡jd¡l£ n¡pLl¡ Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡me−L epÉ¡v Ll¡l SeÉ ®k c¡fV ®cM¡−µR, ®L¡e Aj¤p¢mj n¡pL Hi¡−h ®cM¡u e¡z C¢aq¡−pl A¢i‘a¡ J I pjuL¡l j¤p¢mj ¢h−nÄl f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a−L p¡j−e ®l−MC B¢j I Lb¡ h−m¢Rm¡jz'' −cs O¸V¡hÉ¡f£ H p¡r¡vL¡l¢V Bj¡l S£h−e HL¢V pÈlZ−k¡NÉ J E−õM−k¡NÉ OVe¡z

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82

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Cpm¡j£ n¡pea¿» fÐZue OVe¡œ²−j j¡Jm¡e¡ f§hÑ-f¡¢LÙ¹¡e pg−l b¡L¡L¡−mC 1956 p¡−ml 28C ®éhÐ¦u¡¢l a¡¢l−M NZf¢lo−c Cpm¡j£ ¢lf¡h¢mL Ah f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el n¡pea¿» f¡p q−u k¡uz j¡Jm¡e¡ NZf¢loc−L j¤h¡lLh¡c S¡¢e−u ¢hhª¢a ®cez flhaÑ£ Sepi¡ J p¤M£-pj¡−hn…−m¡−a H n¡pea−¿»l Efl B−m¡Lf¡a L−l h−me, M¡S¡ e¡¢Sj¤¢Ÿe fÐd¡ej¿»£ b¡L¡L¡−m 1953 p¡−m l¢Qa n¡pea¿» ®k f¢lj¡Z Cpm¡j£ ¢R−m¡, Hje¢L j¤q¡Çjc Bm£ hNs¡l pju 1954 p¡−m kaV¤L¤ Cpm¡j£ ¢R−m¡, 1956 p¡−m fÐZ£a n¡pea¿» ®p a¤me¡u ¢ejÀj¡−el qJu¡ p−šÆJ H−a 1949 p¡−m Nªq£a BcnÑ fÐÙ¹¡h Af¢lh¢aÑa b¡L¡u HV¡ NËqZ−k¡NÉz NieÑl ®Se¡−lm 1954 p¡−ml A−ƒ¡h−l NZf¢loc ®i−P ¢c−m j¤q¡Çjc Bm£ hNs¡ fÐd¡ej¢¿»aÅ q¡l¡ez 1955 p¡−ml ®j j¡−p ea¤e NZf¢loc ¢ehÑ¡Q−el fl f¢ÕQj-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el j¤p¢mj m£N cm£l pcpÉNZ ®Q±d¤l£ j¤q¡Çjc Bm£−L cm£u ®ea¡ ¢ehÑ¡Qe Ll¡u Hhw k¤š²é¾V pcpÉNZ (BJu¡j£ m£N R¡s¡) ay¡−L pjbÑe Ll¡u ¢a¢e fÐd¡ej¿»£ ¢ek¤š² qez a¡lC ®eaª®aÅ 9 j¡−pl j−dÉ Cpm¡j£ n¡pea¿» fÐZ£a J NZf¢lo−c Nªq£a quz Bjl¡ kMe 1955 p¡−m Ll¡Q£−a NZf¢loc pcpÉ−cl j−dÉ Cpm¡j£ n¡pea−¿»l f−r mh£ L¢l aMe ®Q±d¤l£ j¤q¡Çjc Bm£C fÐd¡ej¿»£ ¢R−mez Cpm¡j£ n¡pea¿» NZf¢lo−c f¡p Ll¡−a pgm qJu¡ p−šÆJ ®cn n¡p−el hÉ¡f¡−l j¤p¢mj m£N pcpÉ−cl p¡−b ja¢h−l¡d qJu¡u ¢a¢e fcaÉ¡N L−lez

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Y¡L¡u j¡Jm¡e¡l phÑ−no −fÐ¡NË¡j j¡Jm¡e¡ 6 C j¡QÉ m¡−q¡l ¢g−l ®N−mez Hl c¤’¢ce B−N 4W¡ j¡QÑ ¢X¢ØVÌƒ ®h¡XÑ q−m HL p¤d£-pj¡−h−n jq¡j¤mÉh¡e HL i¡oZ ®cez Hl ¢n−l¡e¡j ¢R−m¡ ‘f§h-Ñ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el pjpÉ¡ J Hl pj¡d¡e’z H i¡oZ¢V flhaÑ£−a h¡wm¡ J Ec¤Ñ−a f¤¢Ù¹L¡L¡−l ¢h¢m Ll¡ quz ¢hnÄ¢hcÉ¡m−ul AdÉ¡fL, q¡C−L¡−VÑl HX−i¡−LV, hÉhp¡u£, ¢h¢nø p¡wh¡¢cLpq h¡R¡C Ll¡ ®m¡−L−cl−L L¡XÑ-j¡lga c¡Ju¡a ®cJu¡ quz A−e−LC Hp−Re Hhw j¡Jm¡e¡l hš²hÉ ö−e p−¿¹¡o fÐL¡n L−l−Rez B¢j fÐMÉ¡a Cpm¡j£ ¢Q¿¹¡¢hd J l¡Se£¢aL Hhw f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡m−el AeÉaj ®ea¡ Se¡h Bh¤m q¡¢nj−L H pj¡−h−n A¡ph¡l SeÉ c¡Ju¡a ¢c−a ay¡l h¡p¡u ®Nm¡jz ¢a¢e BNË−ql p¡−b c¡Ju¡a Lh¤l Ll−mez ¢a¢e hm−me, “B¢j ®S−e¢R ®k, j¡Jm¡e¡ jJc§c£ j¡cÚl¡p¡ f¡p Na¡e¤N¢aL j¡Jm¡e¡ ee; L¤lBe J q¡c£−p f¡¢äaÉ ASÑe L−l ¢a¢e j¡Jm¡e¡ q−u−Rez H L¡l−ZC ay¡l hš²hÉ öe−a k¡−h¡z” ¢a¢e kb¡pj−u Bp−mez ay¡−L j−’l ¢eLVhaÑ£ i¡−m¡ HL¢V ®Qu¡−l hp¡m¡jz j¡Jm¡e¡l hš²ªa¡ ¢a¢e a¾ju q−u öe−mez p¤d£-pj¡−hn ®no q−m B¢j ay¡−L j¡Jm¡e¡l p¡−b f¡¢lQu L¢l−u ¢cm¡jz ¢a¢e Ec¤Ñ−aC j¡Jm¡e¡−L hm−me, “Bfe¡l hš²−hÉl p¡−b B¢j pÇf§ZÑ HLjaz”

j¡Jm¡e¡l p¡−b O¢eù qJu¡l p¤−k¡−N 5 pç¡q j¡Jm¡e¡l p¡−b AaÉ¿¹ O¢eùi¡−h ®jm¡−jn¡l p¤−k¡N ®f−u ¢h¢iæ pju phlLj fÐnÀ L−l j§mÉh¡e SJu¡h q¡¢pm L−l¢Rz ph Lb¡ ®a¡ j−e b¡L¡ ü¡i¡¢hL euz pÈª¢al f¡a¡ E¢ÒV−u ¢LR¤ HM¡−e ®fn Ll¢Rz f§h-Ñ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el ph¤S l©−f ¢a¢e AaÉ¿¹ j¤‡ ¢R−mez hm−ae, f¢ÕQj-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e ph¤S Hm¡L¡ a¡m¡n Ll−a qu, Bl HM¡−e M¡¢m j¡¢V ®cM−a q−m a¡m¡n Ll−a quz f§hÑ-f¡¢LÙ¹¡e phV¡C HL ¢hl¡V p¡S¡−e¡ h¡N¡ez ¢S−‘p Llm¡j, “Bf¢e f§hÑ J f¢ÕQ−jl j−dÉ ®L¡eÚV¡−L ®h¢n i¡−m¡h¡−pe?” SJu¡−h f¡ÒV¡ fÐnÀ Ll−me, “Bfe¡l c¤−V¡ ®Q¡−Ml ®L¡eÚ ®Q¡M−L ®h¢n i¡−m¡h¡−pe?” Hl ®Q−u p¤¾cl SJu¡h ¢L q−a f¡−l? HLh¡l fÐnÀ Llm¡j, Bfe¡l ®mM¡u f¤y¢Sh¡c J pj¡Sa¿»−L HLC L¤-j¡a¡l c¤’ L¤-p¿¹¡e h−m−Rez Ssh¡c−L Bf¢e L¤-j¡a¡ p¡hÉÙ¹ L−l−Rez Hl c¤’ p¿¹¡e ¢L HLC j¡−el L¤-p¿¹¡e? H c¤’−V¡l j−dÉ ®L¡eÚV¡ ®h¢n j¾c? SJu¡−h hm−me, “L−ml¡ J hp¿¹ ®l¡−Nl j−dÉ ®L¡eÚV¡−L Bf¢e Lj j¾c j−e L−le?” I HLC L¡uc¡u ®j¡rj SJu¡h ®fm¡jz 90

HLh¡l a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a pÇf−LÑ j¡Jm¡e¡l j¿¹hÉ S¡e−a Q¡Cm¡jz hm−me, “i¡C ®k kaV¤L¤ c£−el −Mcja Ll−Re, a¡ ü£L¡l Ll¡ E¢Qaz c£−el ph lLj ®Mcja−LC Cpm¡j£ B−¾c¡m−el pq¡uL j−e Ll−hez HC ®k jp¢S−c ®R−m®j−u−cl−L öd¤ L¤lBe fs¡ ¢nr¡ ®cJu¡ q−µR, HV¡J ¢hl¡V ®Mcjaz Bjl¡ kMe Sepi¡u Cpm¡j pÇf−LÑ hš²hÉ l¡¢M aMe L¤lB−el Bu¡a ¢am¡Ju¡a Ll−aC A¢nra p¡d¡lZ ®m¡LJ ¢Qe−a f¡−l ®k, HV¡ L¤lB−el Bu¡az Hl j¡aªi¡o¡J fs−a S¡−e e¡z ¢L¿º ®R¡V pju jp¢S−c L¤lBe fs¡ ®nM¡u Bj¡−cl hš²ªa¡u Bu¡a öe−m j¡b¡ Ty¤L¡uz” AeÉ HL pju ¢S−‘p Llm¡j, “S¡j¡u¡−a Cpm¡j£ c£e L¡−uj Ll¡l ®k¡NÉ ®m¡L °a¢l Ll−Rz a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡a ®Lje ®m¡L °a¢l Ll−R?” hm−me, “c£e L¡−uj q−m Hl¡ c£e −j−e Qm−hz c£e j¡e¡l ®m¡L °al£ qJu¡J ®a¡ clL¡lz” ¢j¢eVM¡−eL e£lh ®b−L Bh¡l hm−me, Hl¡ j¡e¤o−L hÉ¢š²Nai¡−h d¡¢jÑL h¡e¡−µRz pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡ f¢lhaÑ−el ®L¡e LjÑp§¢Q ®eC H S¡j¡u¡−al °a¢l ®m¡L ‘h¡¢am ®ek¡j L¡ ¢cu¡e¡ac¡l M¡−cj’ ¢q−p−h N−s EW−Rz H Lb¡l AbÑ B¢j h¤Tm¡j ®k, a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−al j¡dÉ−j N−s EW¡ j¡e¤o ®kM¡−eC L¡S L−le paa¡l p¡−b Ll¡l ®Qø¡ L−lez ¢L¿º pj¡S hÉhÙÛ¡−L hcm¡h¡l ¢Q¿¹¡ L−le e¡z p¤c£ hÉ¡w−L paa¡l p¡−b Q¡L¢l Ll−Re; ¢L¿º p¤c¢hq£e hÉ¡wL hÉhÙÛ¡ L¡−u−jl fÐ−Qø¡ Q¡m¡−e¡ ®k LaÑhÉ ®p ®Qae¡ ®eCz HL pju Bm¡f fÐp−‰ hmm¡j, “j¡Jm¡e¡ B¢j a¡hm£N S¡j¡u¡−a fÐbj BLªø qC a¡−cl Bj£−ll ®j¡e¡S¡−az Bõ¡ql clh¡−l ®Ly−c ®Ly−c ®c¡u¡ Ll¡l j−dÉ ®k jS¡ a¡ fÐb−j aMeC ®h¡d L−l¢Rz” ¢a¢e hm−me, “Q¤mL¡¢e q−m e−Ml p¡q¡kÉ Q¤mL¡−a AhnÉC M¤h jS¡ m¡−Nz ¢L¿º H à¡l¡ ¢Q¢Lvp¡l E−ŸnÉ pgm qu e¡z p¢WL ¢Q¢Lvp¡ fÐ−u¡Sez ®aj¢e Bõ¡q−L ®X−L Ly¡c−a f¡l¡ j¤¢j−el SeÉ HL jq¡pÇfc; ¢L¿º j¤¢j−el ¢eLV c£−el Bpm c¡¢h q−m¡, CL¡j¡−a c£−el SeÉ S¡e J j¡m ¢c−u pwNË¡j (¢Sq¡c) Ll¡z H Bpm c¡¢uaÅ f¡me Ll−a ®N−m h¡¢am n¢š²l ®j¡L¡¢hm¡u ¢hSu£ qh¡l SeÉ Bõ¡ql clh¡−l ®Q¡−Ml f¡¢e ®g−m dle¡ ®ch¡l j−dÉ ®k jS¡ J aª¢ç Hl ®L¡e a¤me¡ ®eCz CL¡j¡−a c£−el H c¡¢uaÅ f¡me e¡ L−l Cpm¡−jl k−a¡ McjaC Ll¡ ®q¡L Hhw ®c¡u¡−a kaC ®Q¡−Ml f¡¢e ®gm¡ ®q¡L a¡−a c£e ¢hSu£ q−h e¡z AbQ l¡p§m (p) ®L f¡W¡−e¡C q−u−R c£e−L ¢hSu£ Ll¡l c¡¢uaÅ ¢c−uz k¡l¡ eh£l Efl Dj¡e Be−h a¡−cl EflJ H c¡¢uaÅ l−u−Rz k¡l¡ l¡p§m (p)-Hl p¡−b S¡j¡u¡−a e¡j¡k Bc¡u Ll¡ p−šÆJ ¢Sq¡−cl juc¡−e ®k−a l¡¢S qu¢e, a¡−cl−L L¤lB−e j¤¢je ¢q−p−h NZÉ Ll¡ qu¢ez

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n¡pea−¿»l h¡Ù¹h¡ue f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el n¡pea¿» ¢aeh¡l fÐZ£a q−u−Rz 1953 p¡−m fÐd¡ej¿»£ M¡S¡ e¡¢Sj¤Ÿ£−el Bj−m ph−Q−u i¡−m¡ j¡−el Cpm¡j£ n¡pea¿» l¢Qa quz NZf¢lo−c Q§s¡¿¹i¡−h f¡p qh¡l B−NC NieÑl ®Se¡−lm ®N¡m¡j j¤q¡Çjc A¯hdi¡−h M¡S¡−L Nc£Q¤Éa L−lez 1954 p¡−m fÐd¡ej¿»£ j¤q¡Çjc Bm£ hNs¡u ®eaª−aÅ fÐZ£a n¡pea¿» NZf¢lo−c Q§s¡¿¹i¡−h Nªq£a qh¡l B−NC ®Se¡−lm ®N¡m¡j j¤q¡Çjc NZf¢locC ®i−P ¢c−mez 1956 p¡−m ®Q±d¤l£ j¤q¡Çjc Bm£l ®eaª−aÅ l¢Qa n¡pea¿» NZf¢lo−c f¡p q−mJ a¡ h¡Ù¹h¡u−el B−NC BCu§h M¡e p¡j¢lL n¡pe S¡¢l L−l n¡pea¿»−L h¡¢am L−l −cez AbQ H n¡pea¿» Ae¤k¡u£ 1959 p¡−ml ®éhÐ¦u¡¢l−a p¡l¡ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e ®L¾cÐ£u J fÐ¡−c¢nL ¢ehÑ¡Qe qh¡l Lb¡ ¢R−m¡z Hl 4 j¡p B−NC 1958 p¡−ml 7C A−ƒ¡hl p¡j¢lL n¡pe S¡¢l q−u k¡uz H−a¡ hÉ¡fL l¡S¯e¢aL LjÑL¡−äl g−m ü¡d£e f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el SeNZ 9 hRl f−l HL¢V n¡pea¿» ®f−uJ Hl p¤gm ®i¡N Ll−a f¡l−m¡ e¡z p¡j¢lL h¡¢qe£l HLj¡œ c¡¢uaÅ q−m¡ ®cn lr¡ Ll¡z ®cn n¡pe a¡−cl c¡¢uaÅ euz ®pe¡f¢a BCu§h M¡e n¡pea−¿»l ®qg¡k−al nfb ¢e−u ®pe¡f¢a q−mez a¡lC ®eaª−aÅ I n¡pea¿» h¡¢am q−u ®N−m¡z SeN−Zl Q¡Ll q−u SeN−Zl ®cJu¡ AÙ» hÉhq¡l L−l SeNZ−LC a¡l¡ ®N¡m¡j h¡e¡−m¡z ¢e−S−cl ®cn ¢e−Sl¡C Su L−l ¢e−m¡z 1958 p¡−ml 7 A−ƒ¡hl ®pe¡f¢a BCu§h M¡e p¡j¢lL n¡pe öl¦ L−l 1962 p¡−ml 1m¡ j¡QÑ ®hp¡j¢lL plL¡l NW−el E−Ÿ−nÉ HL¢V ea¤e n¡pea¿» ®c−nl Efl Q¡¢f−u ¢c−mez AhnÉ H n¡pea¿»¢V−a 1956 p¡−m fÐZ£a n¡pea−¿»l fÐ¡u Ae¤l©fC ¢R−m¡z a−h 1956 p¡−ml n¡pea−¿»l NZa¡¢¿»L L¡W¡−j¡l hc−m −j±¢mL NZa¿» (Basic Democracy) e¡−j fªbL HL gj§Ñm¡ ®fn Ll¡ quz H−a ®fÐ¢p−X¾V, ®L¾cÐ£u BCepi¡ J fÐ¡−c¢nL 93

BCepi¡pj§−ql ¢ehÑ¡Qe f−l¡r fÜ¢a−a Ll¡l ¢hd¡e l¡M¡ quz SeNZ fÐ−aÉr ®i¡−V CE¢eue L¡E¢¾p−ml ®jð¡l ¢ehÑ¡Qe Ll−hz f§−hÑ J f¢ÕQj-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e 40 q¡S¡l L−l ®j¡V 80 q¡S¡l ®jð¡l−cl ®i¡−V AeÉ¡eÉ k¡ha£u ¢ehÑ¡Qe Ae¤¢ùa q−hz H n¡pea¿»J ÙÛ¡¢uaÅ m¡i Ll−a f¡−l¢ez BCu§h M¡e 70 p¡−ml ®éhÐ¦u¡¢l−a ®pe¡f¢a Cu¡¢qu¡ M¡−el q¡−a rja¡z qÙ¹¡¿¹l L−lez 70 p¡−m p¡l¡ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e fÐaÉr ®i¡−V ¢ehÑ¡Qe quz ¢ehÑ¡Q−el fl Cu¡¢qu¡ i¤−–¡l osk−¿»l g−m f¡¢LÙ¹¡e ®i−P k¡u Hhw 71-Hl ¢X−pð−l ü¡d£e h¡wm¡−c−nl Ai¤Écu O−Vz h¡wm¡−cn 1973 p¡−mC n¡pea¿» lQe¡ Ll−a prj quz H−a pw−n¡de£l j¡dÉ−j A−eL ®j±¢mL f¢lhaÑe q−mJ I n¡pea¿»C HMeJ Q¡m¤ B−Rz S¤m¢gL¡l Bm£ i¤−–Ê¡l ®eaª−aÅ 1973 p¡−mC f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el n¡pea¿» fÐZ£a quz 1977 p¡−m −pe¡f¢a ¢Su¡Em qL p¡j¢lL n¡pe S¡¢l L−lez ¢a¢eJ ea¤e L−l n¡pea¿» fÐZue Ll¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ ®eez f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e SeN−Zl ¢ehÑ¡¢Qa fÐ¢a¢e¢d−cl l¢Qa n¡pea¿» ÙÛ¡u£i¡−h Q¡m¤ b¡L−h ¢Le¡ ®L S¡−e? f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el haÑj¡e (2002) ®fÐ¢p−X¾V ®Se¡−lm f¡l−iS j¤n¡llg LaªÑL ®Se¡−lm BCu§h M¡e J ®Se¡−lm ¢Su¡Em q−Ll j−a¡C c£OÑL¡m °üln¡pe L¡−uj l¡M¡l Bnˆ¡ AhnÉC l−u−Rz AhnÉ ¢ehÑ¡Q−el j¡dÉ−j ®hplL¡¢l plL¡l 2002 p¡−m L¡−uj q−u−Rz

BJu¡j£ j¤p¢mj m£−Nl Bc¢nÑL f¢lhaÑe 1955 p¡−ml S¤−e Bh¤ ®q¡−pe plL¡l fÐ¡−c¢nL fÐd¡ej¿»£ q−mez BJu¡j£ j¤p¢mj m£N BCepi¡l A¢dL¡wn pc−pÉl pjbÑe ®k¡N¡s Ll−a hÉbÑ qJu¡u ®LHp¢fl ®eaª−aÅ k¤š²é−¾Vl p¡−b Aj¤p¢mj−cl ®L¡u¡¢mne plL¡l L¡−uj quz 72 Se Aj¤p¢mj pcpÉ BJu¡j£ m£N−L ®Le pjbÑe Ll−me e¡ a¡ S¡e−a ®f−l BJu¡j£ m£N −eaªhª¾c cm£u BcnÑ f¢lhaÑe Ll¡ AaÉ¡hnÉL h−l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢e−mez ®n−l h¡wm¡ 1946-Hl ¢ehÑ¡Q−e j¤p¢mj m£−Nl ¢hl¦−Ü fÐ¢aà¢¾cÄa¡ Ll¡u Aj¤p¢mj pcpÉNZ a¡l cm−L Ap¡ÇfÐc¡¢uL j−e L−lez nq£c ®p¡ql¡Ju¡c£Ñ 1946 p¡−m h‰£u j¤p¢mj m£−Nl ®ea¡ ¢R−mez j¡Jm¡e¡ i¡p¡e£ Bp¡j fÐ¡−c¢nL j¤p¢mj m£−Nl pi¡f¢a ¢R−mez a¡−cl ®eaª−aÅ BJu¡j£ j¤p¢mj m£−Nl e¡−j ‘j¤p¢mj’ në fÐj¡Z L−l ®k, H cm¢V ‘p¡ÇfÐc¡¢uL’z BJu¡j£ j¤p¢mj m£N ®ea¡l¡ Efm¢ì Ll−me ®k, rja¡u ®k−a q−m BCepi¡l ¢q¾c¤ pcpÉ−cl pjbÑe Af¢lq¡kÑz a¡C 1955 p¡−ml 21-23 A−ƒ¡h−l pclO¡−V Ah¢ÙÛa l©fjqm ¢p−ej¡ q−m c−ml L¡E¢¾pm A¢d−hn−e c−ml e¡j ®b−L j¤p¢mj në Afp¡lZ Ll¡l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ®eJu¡ quz 1949 p¡−m j¡Jm¡e¡ i¡p¡e£l ®eaª−aÅ BJu¡j£ j¤p¢mj m£N e¡−j j¤p¢mj m£−Nl ¢h−l¡d£ HL¢V cm N¢Wa quz M¡S¡ e¡¢Sj¤Ÿ£e aMe fÐ¡−c¢nL fÐd¡ej¿»£z j¤p¢mj m£N ®ea¡l¡ cm¢V−L L¤¢rNa l¡M¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ a¡−cl AfR¾ce£u −m¡L−cl−L c−ml h¡C−l l¡M¡l osk¿» L−lz 1947 p¡−m h‰−cn ¢hiš² qh¡l fl f§hÑh‰ j¤p¢mj m£N f¡mÑ¡−j¾V¡l£ f¡¢VÑl −ea¡ ¢ehÑ¡Q−el pju nq£c ®p¡ql¡Ju¡cÑ£−L fl¡¢Sa L−l M¡S¡ e¡¢Sj¤Ÿ£e ¢ehÑ¡¢Qa qez f§hÑh−‰ ®p¡ql¡Ju¡cÑ£ J Bh¤m q¡−n−jl ®eaª−aÅC f¡¢LÙ¹¡e B−¾c¡me ®S¡lc¡l quz a¡C juc¡−e, ¢h−no L−l Y¡L¡u H c¤’−ea¡l pjbÑLC ®h¢n ¢R−m¡z M¡S¡ e¡¢jS¤Ÿ£e fÐ¡−c¢nL fÐd¡ej¿»£ qJu¡u Hl¡ ü¡i¡¢hL L¡l−ZC p¿ºø ¢R−m¡ e¡z 1948-H l¡øÌi¡o¡ fÐ−nÀ M¡S¡ e¡¢Sj¤Ÿ£−el p¡−b a¡−cl c§laÅ B−l¡ ®h−s k¡uz plL¡¢l j¤p¢mj m£N cm H−cl−L c−m ÙÛ¡e ¢c−a pÇf§ZÑ A¢eµR¤Lz j¡Jm¡e¡ i¡p¡e£ ®cn ¢hi¡−Nl fl Bp¡j ®b−L ¢qSla L−l f§h-Ñ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e H−p plL¡¢l c−ml ¢eLV ®L¡e jkÑ¡c¡C ®f−me e¡z H f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a−a j¡Jm¡e¡ i¡p¡e£l ®eaª−aÅ 1949 p¡−ml 23®n S¤e BJu¡j£ j¤p¢mj m£N N¢Wa quz j¡Jm¡e¡ ®nÔ¡N¡e ¢R−m¡x j¤p¢mj m£−Nl ®eaª−aÅ SeNZ f¡¢LÙ¹¡e L¡−uj L−l−Rz haÑj¡e I j¤p¢mj m£N Bl SeN−Zl cm ¢qp¡−h NZÉ euz plL¡¢l j¤p¢mj m£N M¡S¡−cl m£Nz H−cl à¡l¡ SeN−Zl Bn¡ f§lZ q−h e¡z SeN−Zl j¤p¢mj m£N Q¡Cz k¡−a SeN−Zl fr ®b−L H−cl−L p¢WL f−b Qm−a h¡dÉ Ll¡ k¡u, ®p SeÉ SeN−Zl cm fÐ−u¡Sez

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f¢ÕQjf¢ÕQj-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e ¢h−no dl−el l¡Se£¢a f§h-Ñ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e SeNZ ¢ehÑ¡Q−e k−a¡V¡ ü¡d£ei¡−h ®i¡V ®cu, f¢ÕQj-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el SeNZ a−a¡V¡ ü¡d£e euz S¢jc¡¢l fÐb¡, ®N¡œ£u ILÉ Hhw BlJ ¢h¢iæ lLj −nÐZ£−i−cl L¡l−Z H p−hl fÐi¡hj¤š² q−u l¡S¯e¢aL ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢e−u SeNZ ®i¡V ®ch¡l p¤−k¡N f¡u e¡z a¡R¡s¡ k¡l¡C ¢ehÑ¡¢Qa qe a¡l¡ plL¡¢l c−m b¡L¡C Sl¦¢l j−e L−lez j¤p¢mj m£N ¢h−l¡d£ ®R¡V ®R¡V LaL cmC pwp−c ¢h−l¡d£ c−ml i¤¢jL¡ f¡me L−lz SeN−Zl ®i¡−V ¢ehÑ¡¢Qa q−mJ pcpÉNZ Seü¡−bÑl fÐ¢a¢e¢daÅ L−le e¡z a¡l¡ fÐ¡u ph¡C L¡−uj£ ü¡bÑh¡c£ NË¦−flC fÐ¢a¢e¢dz l¡S¯e¢aL Cp¤Él ¢i¢š−a a¡l¡ LjC ¢hiš² qez rja¡ ¢eu¿»−Zl n¢š² k¡−cl q¡−a, a¡−cl ¢e−cÑn Hl¡ pq−SC ®j−e ®euz NieÑl ®Se¡−lm ®N¡m¡j ®j¡q¡Çjc, ®pe¡f¢a BCu§h M¡e J fÐ¢alr¡ p¢Qh ®jSl ®Se¡−lm Cú¡¾c¡l ¢jSÑ¡ ®pe¡h¡¢qe£l n¢š²h−mC f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el l¡Se£¢a c£OÑL¡m ¢eu¿»Z L−l−Rez H ¢ae L¤Qœ²£l Aöi Bya¡a e¡ q−m f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el C¢aq¡p ¢iæ q−a¡z H L¤Qœ²£ pª¢øl ®fR−eJ j¤p¢mj m£N ®ea¡−cl Ahc¡e l−u−Rz 1950 J 51 p¡−m f¢ÕQj-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el fÐ¡−c¢nL BCepi¡pj§−ql ¢ehÑ¡Qe j¤p¢mj m£N ®ea¡l¡ Qlj ¢ehÑ¡Qe£ L¡lQ¤f£ L−l rja¡ L¤¢rNa l¡−Mz ®hp¡j¢lL J p¡j¢lL LjÑLaÑ¡l¡ l¡S¯e¢aL ®ea¡−cl Be¤NaÉ L−le SeN−Zl fÐ¢a¢e¢d qJu¡l L¡l−Zz kMe ay¡l¡ ®cM−me ®k, l¡S¯e¢aL juc¡−e ®ea¡l¡ pl¡L¡¢l LjÑQ¡l£−cl Ly¡−d h¾c¤L ®l−M A¯hdi¡−h rja¡ cMm Ll−Re aMe Hl fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡u a¡l¡ ¢e−Sl¡C rja¡ qÙ¹Na Ll¡l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢e−m¡z Cw−lS n¡pe¡j−m Ly¡−d Q−sC a¡l¡ ®cn n¡pe L−l−Rz AhnÉ Cw−lSl¡ ®k¡NÉ n¡pLC ¢R−m¡z ¢ehÑ¡Q−e L¡lQ¤¢f L−l k¡l¡ n¡pe rja¡ cMm Ll−R, a¡l¡ plL¡¢l LjÑLaÑ¡−cl ®Q−u ®h¢n ®k¡NÉ euz AbQ A¯hdi¡−h rja¡ ByL−s b¡L¡l SeÉ a¡l¡ plL¡¢l LjÑLaÑ¡−cl−L hÉhq¡l Ll−Rz plL¡¢l (®hp¡j¢lL J p¡j¢lL) LjÑLa¡Ñ−cl j−dÉ H −Qae¡ pª¢ø q−m¡ ®k, H ph A−k¡NÉ ®m¡L Bj¡−cl Ly¡−d Q−s n¡pe Ll−a Q¡uz Bjl¡ H−cl ®Q−u ®h¢n ®k¡NÉz H−cl−L Ly¡d ®b−L ®g−m ¢c−u Bjl¡C ®a¡ pl¡p¢l n¡pe Ll−a f¡¢lz Hl¡ k¢c SeN−Zl fÐ¢a¢e¢d q−ae, a¡q−m a¡−cl Be¤NaÉ Ll−a Bjl¡ °e¢aL ¢cL ¢c−u h¡dÉ ¢Rm¡jz Hl¡ p¢aÉL¡l fÐ¢a¢e¢d eu, H−c−l−L j¡e−a Bjl¡ h¡dÉ eCz H L¤¢Q¿¹¡l e¡uL ¢q−p−h ®hp¡j¢lL LjÑLa¡Ñ ®N¡m¡j j¤q¡Çjc J p¡j¢lL LjÑLaÑ¡ BCu§h M¡e J Cú¡¾c¡l ¢jSÑ¡l j−dÉ H Bya¡a quz 1951 p¡−m fÐd¡ej¿»£ ¢mu¡La Bm£ M¡−el qaÉ¡ ®b−L öl¦ L−l 1971 p¡−ml ¢X−pðl fkÑ¿¹ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el l¡Se£¢a H ¢ae L¤Qœ²£l osk−¿»l S¡−mC BhÜ ¢R−m¡z

H Lb¡u h¡Ù¹h Ec¡qlZ ¢mu¡La qaÉ¡ ®k H−clC f¢lLÒfe¡ a¡ h¤T−a ®hN ®f−a qu e¡z qaÉ¡L¡l£−L ®NËç¡l L−l ac¿¹ q−mC I f¢lLÒfe¡ gy¡p q−u ®k−a¡z a¡C qaÉ¡L¡l£−L qaÉ¡ L−l ac−¿¹l Evp j¤−R ®gm¡ q−m¡z H ¢ae L¤Qœ²£ h¡lh¡l j¤p¢mj m£−Nl ¢V−L−V ¢ehÑ¡¢Qa pwpc pcpÉ−cl−L hÉhq¡l L−lC ph L¤LjÑ Q¡m¤ Ll−a prj q−u−Rz hs hs L−uL¢V Ec¡qlZx 1.

1953 p¡−ml 17C H¢fÐm NieÑl ®Se¡−lm NZf¢lo−cl j¤p¢mj m£N pcpÉ−cl ¢ehÑ¡¢Qa ®ea¡ J c−ml pi¡f¢a M¡S¡ e¡¢Sj¤¢Ÿe−L ¢he¡ L¡l−Z fcQ¤Éa Ll−mez NZf¢lo−cl j¤p¢mj m£N pcÉpNZ Hl ®L¡e 98

fÐ¢ah¡c fkÑ¿¹ L−le¢ez fÐ¢ah¡c q−h e¡ H ¢ho−u ¢e¢ÕQa e¡ q−m NieÑl ®Se¡−lm H−a¡ hs ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢e−a f¡l−ae e¡z BlJ ¢hpÈ−ul ¢hou ®k, pcpÉNZ NieÑl ®Se¡−l−ml ¢e−cÑ−n ¢he¡¢àd¡u B−j¢lL¡u ¢ek¤š² f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el l¡øÌca § (plL¡¢l LjÑ¡Q¡l£) j¤q¡Çjc Bm£ hNs¡−L f¡mÑ¡−j¾V¡¢l f¡¢VÑl ®ea¡ ¢q−p−h ®j−e ¢e−mez 2.

1954 p¡−ml 31®n ®j NieÑl ®Se¡−lm ®N¡m¡j j¤q¡Çjc NZf¢loc h¡¢am L−l ¢c−m Hl fÐ¢aL¡−ll p¡j¡eÉ ®Qø¡J a¡l¡ L−l¢ez NZf¢loc pi¡f¢a ®j±mi£ aj£S¤Ÿ£e M¡e−L p£eÚc Q£g ®L¡−VÑ j¡jm¡l hÉ¡f¡−lJ ®L¡e pq−k¡N£a¡ L−le¢ez

3.

1956 p¡−ml n¡pea¿» Ae¤k¡u£ f¢ÕQj-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el 4¢V fÐ−cn−L HL£i§a L−l hªqšl fÐ−cn Ll¡ q−m¡z 4¢V fÐ−c−nl BCepi¡uC j¤p¢mj m£N j¢¿»pi¡ ¢R−m¡z AbQ "Ju¡e CE¢eV' L¡−uj L−l ®N¡V¡ f¢ÕQjf¡¢LÙ¹¡−el fÐ¡−c¢nL fÐd¡ej¿»£ ¢q−p−h p£j¡−¿¹l Lw−NËp ®ea¡ X¡x M¡e p¡−qh−L ®j−e ¢e−a a¡−cl ®L¡e Bf¢š qu¢ez Hj¢eL X¡x M¡e p¡−q−hl c¡¢h Ae¤k¡u£ j¤p¢mj m£−Nl pcpÉNZ NieÑl ®Se¡−lm Cú¡¾c¡l ¢jSÑ¡l ¢e−cÑ−n "¢lf¡h¢mL¡e f¡¢VÑ' e¡−j ea¤e c−m ®k¡Nc¡e Ll−aJ ¢àd¡−h¡d L−le¢ez

4.

1956 p¡−ml 12C ®p−ÃVðl X¡x M¡e p¡−q−hl ¢lf¡h¢mL¡e f¡¢VÑ NieÑl ®Se¡−lm Cú¡¾c¡l ¢jSÑ¡l ¢e−cÑ−n nq£c ®p¡ql¡Ju¡cÑ£−L f¡¢LÙ¹−el fÐd¡ej¿»£ ¢qp¡−h ®j−e ®euz

5.

1957 p¡−ml 11C A−ƒ¡hl NieÑl ®Se¡−l−ml CµR¡ f§lZ Ll−a ®p¡ql¡Ju¡c£Ñl fÐ¢a pjbÑe fÐaÉ¡q¡l L−l Hhw j¤p¢mj m£N ®ea¡ BCBC Q¢¾cÐNs−L fÐd¡ej¿»£ ¢q−p−h NËqZ Ll−a pÇja quz

6.

1962 p¡−m p¡j¢lL n¡pL BCu§h M¡e kMe ®hp¡j¢lL plL¡l L¡−u−jl E−cÉ¡N ®ee, aMe a¡l ¢eSü l¡S¯e¢aL c−ml fÐ−u¡Se quz ¢a¢e j¤p¢mj m£N ®ea¡−cl−L HL¢V p−Çjm−e (Le−iene) q¡¢Sl q−a Bqh¡e S¡e¡ez ¢LR¤ ®ea¡ R¡s¡ j¤p¢mj m£−Nl ®eaªÙÛ¡e£u fÐ¡u ph¡C BCu§h M¡−el ®eaªaÅ ®j−e ®ee Hhw j¤p¢mj m£N−L p¡j¢lL n¡peLaÑ¡ a¡l f−LVÙÛ L−lez

7.

1980 p¡−m ®Se¡−lm ¢Su¡Em qLJ Ae¤l©fi¡−hC j¤p¢mj m£N cMm L−lez

fÐd¡ej¿»£ ®p¡ql¡Ju¡cÑ£l BL¢pÈL ¢hc¡u NieÑl ®Se¡−lm Cú¡¾c¡l ¢jSÑ¡, ®pe¡f¢a BCu§h M¡e J f¢ÕQj-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el fÐd¡ej¿»£ ¢lf¡h¢mL¡e f¡¢VÑl ®ea¡ X¡x M¡e p¡−qh ®p¡ql¡Ju¡cÑ£−L ®k E−ŸnÉ fÐd¡ej¿»£ L−l¢R−me, ®p q£e E−ŸnÉ f¤l¡ qh¡l fl a¡−L rja¡ ®b−L Afp¡lZ Sl¦¢l j−e Ll−mez L¡lZ −p¡ql¡Ju¡cÑ£ k¤š² ¢ehÑ¡Q−el ¢i¢š−a BCepi¡l ¢ehÑ¡Qe aÅl¡¢ða Ll¡l E−cÉN NËqZ Ll−mez ¢a¢e fÐd¡ej¿»£ b¡L¡ AhÙÛ¡u ¢ehÑ¡Qe pÇfæ Ll−a f¡l−m f§hÑ-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−e a¡l BJu¡j£ m£NC ¢q¾c¤−cl pjbÑ−e ¢hSu£ q−h h−m ¢hnÄ¡p Ll−aez J¢c−L ¢jSÑ¡ J BCu§h M¡e ¢ehÑ¡Q−el B−NC rja¡ cM−ml f¢lLÒfe¡ L−lez 1957 p¡−ml 11C A−ƒ¡hl f¢ÕQj-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el ¢lf¡h¢mL¡e f¡¢VÑ, ¢Q¿¹¡-®Qae¡u (j¤p¢mj m£N) ®c−nl Efl ®S¡l L−l k¤š² ¢ehÑ¡Qe Q¡¢f−u ®ch¡l AS¤q¡−a ®p¡ql¡Ju¡cÑ£l Efl ®b−L pjbÑe fÐaÉ¡q¡l Ll−m¡z 1957 p¡−ml 18C A−ƒ¡hl Q¢¾cÐNs fÐd¡ej¿»£ q−uC Bh¡l fªbL ¢ehÑ¡Qe S¡a£u pwp−c f¡p Ll¡h¡l E−cÉ¡N ®eez ¢jSÑ¡ J X¡x M¡e p¡−q−hl osk−¿» 11C ¢X−pðl Q¢¾cÐNs−L fcaÉ¡N Ll−a quz 73.

f§hÑ-f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el l¡S¯e¢aL ¢Qœ B¢j ®c−nl l¡S¯e¢aL C¢aq¡p lQe¡l E−Ÿ−nÉ ¢mM¢R e¡z C¢aq¡−pl c¡¢h q−m¡, OVe¡…−m¡−L d¡l¡h¡¢qL œ²j¡e¤k¡u£ p¡¢S−u a¤−m dl¡z "S£h−e k¡ ®cMm¡j' ¢n−l¡e¡−j k¡ ¢mM¢R, a¡−a C¢aq¡−pl c¡¢h f§lZ Ll¡ pñh eu Hhw fÐ−u¡SeJ ®eCz AhnÉ B¢j k¡ ®cMm¡j a¡−a ®c−nl l¡Se£¢a ¢eÕQuC b¡L−hz ®p ¢q−p−h kaV¤L¤ l¡S¯e¢aL OVe¡l E−õM fÐ−u¡Se a¡C-C ¢mM¢Rz 1971 p¡−ml ¢X−pð−l h¡wm¡−cn e¡−j ®k i§Mä¢V HL¢V ü¡d£e l¡øÌ ¢q−p−h ¢h−nÄl j¡e¢Q−œ ÙÛ¡e ®f−u−R, Caxf§−hÑ HV¡C f§hÑ-f¡¢LÙ¹¡e e¡−j A¢i¢qa ¢R−m¡z 1947 p¡−m i¡la ¢hi¡−Nl pju h‰−cnJ f§hÑh‰ Hhw f¢ÕQjh‰ e¡−j ¢hiš² quz I f§h-Ñ f¡¢LÙ¹¡−el Awn ¢q−p−h f§h-Ñ f¡¢LÙ¹¡e e¡−j f¢l¢Qa ¢R−m¡z haÑj¡−e a¡ h¡wm¡−cnz h¡wm¡−c−nl

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Bj¡l Bj¡l p¿¹¡e−cl Lb¡ Bõ¡q a¡Bm¡ ®j−qlh¡e£ L−l Bj¡−L 6¢V ®R−m p¿¹¡e c¡e L−l−Rez ®L¡e LeÉ¡ p¿¹¡e ®ce¢ez p§l¡ Bn-n§l¡l 49 ew Bu¡−a Bõ¡q h−mex “¢a¢e k¡−L CµR¡ LeÉ¡ ®ce, k¡−L CµR¡ f¤œ ®ce, Abh¡ k¡−L CµR¡ f¤œ J LeÉ¡ EiuC c¡e L−le, Hhw k¡−L CµR¡ ¢exp¿¹¡e L−lez” Bõ¡q ®k Ab¢l¢V ¢e−u H Lb¡ h−m−Re a¡−L QÉ¡−m” Ll¡l p¡dÉ L¡−l¡ ®eCz h¡wm¡−c−n ®p±c£ Bl−hl fÐbj l¡øÌc§a Bj¡−L hm−me, You may be father of six sons, but as you have no daughter, you are no full father, you are only half father.” Bf¢e 6 ®R−ml ¢fa¡ q−a f¡−le, ¢L¿º Bfe¡l ®L¡e ®j−u ®eC h−m Bf¢e f§ZÑ ¢fa¡ ee, A−dÑL ¢fa¡)z H j¿¹hÉ phÑfÐbj ay¡l j¤−MC öem¡jz Lb¡¢V H−a¡ QjvL¡l j−e q−u−R ®k, k¡l¡ öd¤ ®R−m h¡ öd¤ ®j−ul ¢fa¡ a¡−cl Efl l¡øÌc§a g¤u¡c Bhc¤m q¡j£c Bm M¡a£−hl e¡j E−õM L−l I j¿¹hÉ¢V fÐ−u¡N L−l aª¢ç−h¡d L¢lz Bj¡l fÐbj ®R−m j¡j§e Bî¡l hs e¡¢az ¢hNa HL ¢L¢Ù¹−a E−õM L−l¢R ®k, Bî¡l Bj¡l c¡c¡−L ü−fÀ e¡−jl hÉ¡f¡−l fl¡jnÑ Q¡C−mez c¡c¡ e¡¢L hm−me, “a¤¢j S¡−e¡ e¡ ®k, l¡p§m (p) Cln¡c L−l−Re, ph Q¡C−a i¡−m¡ e¡j Bhc¤õ¡q J Bhc¤l lqj¡e?” p¤al¡w e¡j l¡M¡ q−m¡ Bhc¤õ¡qz fÐn EW−m¡ ®k, X¡L e¡j ¢L l¡M¡ q−h? Bî¡ Bje¤e në ®b−L N¢Wa 4¢V në hm−me, “j¡j§e, Bj£e, j¤¢je J Bj¡ez” ‘Bj¡e’ n−ël AbÑ ¢el¡fš¡ J n¡¢Ù¹z j¡j§e J j¤ª¢je n−ël AbÑ ¢hnÄÙ¹ (k¡l ¢eLV Bj¡ea l¡M¡ ¢el¡fc)z Bj¡e AbÑ ¢el¡fš¡, n¡¢¿¹, BnÐu CaÉ¡¢cz Bj¡l i¡C-®h¡el¡ a¡−cl fÐbj i¡¢aS¡l e¡j l¡M¡l hÉ¡f¡−l BNËq£ ¢R−m¡z ph¡C I Q¡l¢V n−ël j−dÉ j¡j§e në¢V fR¾c Ll−m¡z Hi¡−h f¤l¡ e¡j cy¡s¡−m¡ Bhc¤õ¡¢qm j¡j§ez Bhc¤õ¡q j¡j§eJ l¡M¡ ®k−a¡z ¢h¢µRæ c¤−V¡ në e¡j¡ l¡M¡l ®lJu¡S B−Rz Bj¡l g¤g¡-nÄöl j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤õ¡¢qm h¡L£ J ay¡l ®R¡V i¡C S¢ju−a Bq−m q¡c£−pl pi¡f¢a j¡Jm¡e¡ Bhc¤õ¡¢qm L¡g£’l e¡j Bj¡l ¢eLV M¤h nÐ¦¢ajd¤l j−e q−a¡z a¡C I fÜ¢a eLm L−l e¡j l¡M¡ q−m¡ Bhc¤õ¡¢qm j¡j§ez 1954 p¡−ml BN−ØV ®cs hRl flC ¢àa£u ®R−m fuc¡ q−m¡z Bî¡ hm−me, “I Q¡l n−ël h¡¢L ¢ae në ®b−L HL¢V ®h−R e¡Jz” Bj£e në¢V h¡R¡C Ll¡ q−m¡z Hl f§ZÑ e¡j q−m¡ Bhc¤õ¡¢qm Bj£ez B¢j lwf¤l L−m−S b¡L¡L¡−mC H c¤’−R−m Bj¡l nÄöl h¡¢s eJNy¡u S¾jNËqZ L−lz 1955 p¡−m Q¡L¢l −b−L AhÉ¡q¢a ®f−u Y¡L¡u Q−m Hm¡jz h¡¢s−a A¢a ¢eL−V q¢m ®g¢j¢m q¡pf¡a¡−m Bj¡l h¡¢L 4 ®R−ml S¾j quz 1956 p¡−ml A−ƒ¡h−l aªa£u ®R−m q−m I 4¢V n−ël aªa£u në ¢e−u e¡j l¡M¡ q−m¡ Bhc¤õ¡¢qm j¤¢jez 1958 p¡−ml ¢X−pðl Qa¤bÑ ®R−m q−m¡z I 4 n−ël ®no në¢V ¢e−u e¡j l¡M¡ q−m¡ Bhc¤õ¡¢qm Bj¡ez 1962 p¡−ml A−ƒ¡h−l kMe f’j −R−m fuc¡ q−m¡ aMe e¡j l¡M¡l hÉ¡f¡−l pjpÉ¡ pª¢ø q−m¡z Bî¡l ®cJu¡ 4 në ®no q−u ®N−m¡z B−Nl 4 ®R−ml e¡−jl p¡−b ¢jm ®l−M ®L¡e në Bî¡ ®k¡N¡s Ll−a f¡l−me e¡z H pˆ−Vl p¡j¡d¡−el SeÉ Bj¡l nÄöl p¡−qh Bî¡l p¡−b hp−mez ay¡l¡ ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ¢c−a prj q−me e¡z h¡dÉ q−u Bj¡−LC pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡−e H¢N−u Bp−a q−m¡z HLSe p¡q¡h£l e¡j ¢q−p−h ®e¡j¡e l¡M¡l fÐÙ¹¡h ¢cm¡j H n−ël AbÑ a¡m¡n e¡ L−lC p¡q¡h£l e¡j qJu¡u ph¡C ®j−e ¢e−mez f−l Blh£ A¢id¡e M¤−m AbÑ f¡Ju¡ ®N−m¡ ‘lš²’z 1966 p¡−ml ®p−ÃVð−l Bj¡l 6 eðl ®R−m qJu¡l Mhl ®V¢m−g¡−e q¡pf¡a¡m ®b−L e¡pÑ S¡e¡−m¡z Bî¡l L¡jl¡uC ®g¡e ¢R−m¡z ¢a¢e L¡jl¡ ®b−L ®hl q−u H−mez f¡−nl O−l j¡j§el¡ 4 i¡C ¢R−m¡z Bî¡ J−cl−L ®X−L hm−me, “®a¡jl¡ ph¡C Bp, p¤Mhl B−R!” ph¡C ®c±−s H−m¡z Bî¡ hm−me, “®a¡j¡−cl BlJ HL i¡C q−u−Rz” −k ®L¡e pju q¡pf¡a¡m ®b−L Mhl Bp−a f¡−l h−m ph¡C A−fr¡uC ¢R−m¡z B¢j mrÉ Llm¡j ®k, i¡C qh¡l Mhl −f−u a¡−cl j−dÉ ®aje ®L¡e fÐ¢a¢œ²u¡C ®cM¡ ®N−m¡ e¡z ö−e e£lh O−l ¢g−l ®N−m¡z Bî¡ ¢S−‘p Ll−me, ®h¡e qh¡l Mhl ®f−m ¢L M¤¢n q−a? ph¡C qyÉ¡-®h¡dL j¡b¡ e¡s¡−m¡z 5j ®R−m ®e¡j¡−el hup aMe j¡œ 4 hRlz Hl hs 4 SeC ú¤−m f−sz a¡−cl Ae¡L¡¢Pra ®R¡V i¡C¢Vl e¡j l¡M¡u pjpÉ¡ ®cM¡ ¢c−m¡z ph¡l e¡−jl p¡−b e¡j ¢j¢m−u e¡j ®k¡N¡s Ll¡C pjpÉ¡z Hh¡lJ Bj¡−LC pj¡d¡e ¢c−a q−m¡z Bl H p¡q¡h£l e¡j fÐÙ¹¡h Llm¡j-p¡mj¡ez fÐbj 4¢V e¡−jl p¡−b ®e¡j¡e J p¡mj¡−el O¢eù ¢jm e¡ q−mJ −no Arl e§e qJu¡u −L¡e lL−j Q−mz a¡C H e¡j¢VJ ph¡C fR¾c Ll−m¡z

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