Middle School Research Guide The purpose of this guide is to assist you with research in middle school. It is important to follow these guidelines to help you meet the standards of good research. Prepared by: Lynn Pecuch, Cindy Segal, and Carolyn Wert 9/1/2016 rev.

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD RESEARCH  Researchable topic o Is your topic too broad or too narrow?  Variety of sources o Have you used a combination of print and non-print sources such as reference books, nonfiction books, periodicals, newspaper articles, web sites, databases, and interviews?  Evaluation of sources to ensure quality o Relevance  Is the information relevant to your topic? o Authority  Have you identified the author?  Have you identified the author’s credentials? o Date  Have you checked the copyright date?  Is the source current or out-of-date for your topic? o Accuracy  Does the author indicate where he/she found his/her information? (ex. Works Cited, Bibliography, References)  Does this information contradict or support what you have already learned? o Purpose  What is the author’s objective in presenting the information? (ex. persuade, educate, inform, entertain)  Is the author showing objectivity or bias toward the topic?  Accurate note-taking o Have you used the note-card format provided by your teacher or librarian?  Paraphrasing o Have you reworded your information to avoid plagiarizing?  Documentation of sources o Have you cited each source according to the current MLA guidelines? 1

Big6 & Super3 Research Models Comparison Chart

Step Name

Catch Phrase - Big6 (4-12)

“DIG UP Gold”

1. Task Definition  Define the information problem  Identify information needed to solve the problem (What are some topics or questions I need to answer? What information will I need?)

Define

2. Information Seeking Strategies  Determine all possible sources (brainstorm)  Select the best sources (What are all the possible sources to check? What are the best sources of information for this task?)

Infoseek

3. Location & Access  Locate sources (Physically locate sources, either print or nonprint)  Find information within sources (Use nonfiction text features such as the index and table of contents to find specific information within the source.)

Get

4. Use of Information  Engage (e.g., read, hear, view, touch)  Extract relevant information (What information from the source is useful?)

Use

5. Synthesis  Organize information found from multiple sources (How will I organize my information: note cards, outline, etc.?)  Present the information (How am I required to present my information: report, speech, poster, etc.?)

Produce

6. Evaluation  Judge the product [effectiveness] (Did I do what was required?)  Judge the process [efficiency] (Did I complete each of the Big6 or Super3 stages efficiently?)

Gold

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Catch Phrase - Super3 (K-3)

“Plan, Do, Review”

Plan (What are you going to do? How are you going to do it? What is the plan?)

Do (Work on the project. Are you staying on task? Ask for help with your plan if you need it.)

Review (Did the plan work? Did I do a good job on my project? Did I do everything I was supposed to do?)

PLAGIARISM Plagiarism is intentionally taking someone else’s words or ideas and passing them off as your own, without giving credit to that person. It is cheating. It is stealing. Your work should be in your own words. Unoriginal words, phrases, and ideas that you have included in your work must be properly cited. Examples of Plagiarism Cutting and pasting information from a source (print or online) Copying word for word from a source without giving credit Copying from a classmate, friend, or family member Rearranging words from a source Substituting words from a sentence/paragraph Working with someone else on an independent project/paper Making up sources “Buying” a paper online Using a sibling’s or friend’s paper/project How to Avoid Plagiarism  Stay organized o Note cards should have a number corresponding to a source card o Note cards should contain information from one source only  Take good notes o Keep to your topic o Be sure you understand what you write o Be accurate with what you write o Double check your facts o Double check your page references  Never copy and paste o Quote directly, paraphrase, or summarize  Cite properly o Follow the current MLA guidelines o Use quotation marks for direct quotes o Record the page numbers on note cards

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May 2009 PENNSBURY SCHOOL DISTRICT ACADEMIC INTEGRITY GUIDELINES

Statement: Whether intentional or unintentional, cheating in any form, including plagiarism, is unacceptable in The Pennsbury School District. Definitions: Academic Integrity is a commitment to the values of honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and responsibility in the academic process. Academic Integrity Committee is a committee of school personnel who serve in the review and/or appeal process. The Academic Integrity Committee is formed and chaired by the building principal. Teachers and students may make a referral or an appeal to the Academic Integrity Committee through the building principal. Academic Misconduct includes but is not limited to cheating, plagiarism, falsification, multiple submission, complicity or interference. Cheating – Giving or receiving unauthorized assistance (e.g., copying, using crib sheets, stealing exams, using electronic aids/devices, Internet sources, using aids like Cliff’s Notes instead of reading the original work) in any academic work or examination. Using or attempting to use any unauthorized materials, information or study aids in an examination or academic work. Plagiarism – Representing the ideas or wording of others as one’s own. Plagiarism may result from poor technique or more serious, intentional issues such as • copying the work of another person; • submitting the work of another person (including parent, sibling or other student); • closely paraphrasing a piece of work without due acknowledgment; • substituting a word or phrase for the original while maintaining the original sentence structure; • citing sources incompletely with intention to deceive; • using graphics, visual imagery, video or audio without permission of the author or acknowledgment of the source; • translating text from one language to another without citing the original; • obtaining packaged information (e.g. foreign language translation or a completed paper from an on-line source) and submitting it as one’s own work without acknowledging the source. Falsification – Falsifying or inventing any information, data or citation in any academic work. Multiple Submission – Submitting substantial portions of any academic exercise more than once without prior authorization and approval of the teacher. Complicity – Facilitating any of the above actions or performing work that another student then presents as his or her own work (e.g., copying someone’s homework or allowing someone to copy your homework). 5

Interference – Interfering with the ability of a fellow student to perform his or her assignments (e.g., stealing notes or tearing pages out of books). Teacher Responsibilities for Avoiding Student Academic Misconduct: • To create a learning environment that supports academic integrity • To educate and hold students accountable for complying with the Pennsbury Academic Integrity Guidelines • To provide conclusive evidence for any allegation of student misconduct no penalty shall be imposed without conclusive evidence or thorough investigation. If need be, the academic integrity committee will be the final arbiter of disputes. Each case shall be treated on its merits. Student Responsibilities for Avoiding Academic Misconduct: • To read, understand, and follow the Pennsbury School District Academic Integrity Guidelines. • To authenticate any assignment submitted to a teacher. Students must be able to produce proof that the submitted assignment is actually their own work. Authentification of an assignment may include:   

copies of drafts of the work photocopies of research materials (including downloads from web sites) notes, note cards, source cards

• To participate fully in any investigation of an allegation of misconduct Academic Misconduct Consequences: • The penalty for intentional academic misconduct is a grade of F for the assignment, with no makeup, and may include administrative referral for additional disciplinary consequences. Egregious misconduct, or a second offense, will require referral to the Academic Integrity Committee, and may result in failure of the course. • Unintentional academic misconduct may be dealt with by the teacher through counseling or a penalty, where appropriate, but should not result in a grade of F for the assignment. Penalties in minor cases may include resubmission of the work, simply re-editing corrections, or the deduction of points as provided in the assignment rubric. Resubmitting or completion of an alternate assignment is at the discretion of the teacher. More than one instance of unintentional academic misconduct in the same course will result in a referral to the Academic Integrity Committee. • Academic misconduct in the Graduation Project will result in failure to meet the requirements of the project. Intentional or egregious misconduct may result in the requirement that the student identify and complete a new topic for the project. • In some situations additional penalties may apply. Adapted from the Pennsbury School District Plagiarism Guidelines and the Academic Integrity Policies of Council Rock School District, Springfield Township High School, and Fairleigh Dickenson University. 6

Each source is given its own number

Sample Source Card

Source #

Source Information (see MLA Guide)

On the back of the card, write your name or initials and any additional information to help you find the source again if needed.

What topic are the notes on this card about?

Sample Note Card Topic of Note Card (Slug)

Source #

The source number corresponds to the number on the Source Card.

Notes (listed as bullet points in your own words or copied exactly with quotation marks (“ ”) around it) Limit to 1 – 2 facts per card. Page #

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If your source has page numbers, write it here. If there is no page number write n. pag.

AVAILABLE LIBRARY RESOURCES The following resources are accessible from the library home page. DATABASES/SUBSCRIPTIONS See your librarian for usernames and passwords needed for home access. All databases/subscriptions can be accessed from the library home page. EasyBib: Help students properly cite sources using the latest MLA format. See your librarian for the code for your school. Students and staff can create their own account with that code. EBSCOHost: A database that provides full access to periodicals, newspapers, reference books, primary source documents, e-books, and more. FactCite: Online searchable database from The Lincoln Library and updated regularly. Subjects include Mythology, American History, Science, Countries and Cultures, and Essential Information. Gale Resources: Gale Biography in Context, Opposing Viewpoints Biography in Context provides access to biographies on hundreds of thousands of historical and current figures from all walks of life. The database is updated monthly. Opposing Viewpoints provides perspectives on both sides of an issue. Safari Montage: This is for teachers only at this point. World Book Student: This is an online version of a classic reference source. It is updated frequently and includes much more than the print version.

POWERLibrary: This state provides these resources. Here is a listing of some of the databases included: Associated Press - AP Images More than 500,000 current and historical photographs and graphics can be searched by date, place and subject. More than 800 photographs are added to the archive daily. Commonwealth Libraries - PA Electronic Library Catalog Catalog holdings of almost 3,000 Pennsylvania school, public, academic and special libraries are included in this database. Search by author, title, subject or keyword to locate over 50 million items. EBSCO Publishing - Auto Repair Reference Center Supplied by Point 5 Technologies with complete automotive repair information supplied by Nichols Publishing, publisher of Chilton information. Most major manufacturers of domestic and imported vehicles are listed. Repair information is available for most manufacturers as far back as 1945. EBSCO Publishing - Consumer Health Complete Provides content covering all areas of health and wellness from mainstream medicine to the many perspectives of complementary, holistic and integrated medicine. This full-text database covers topics such as aging, cancer, diabetes, drugs & alcohol, fitness, nutrition & dietetics, children's health, men & women's health, etc.

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EBSCO Publishing - eBooks on EBSCOhost Electronic books (eBooks) are available through this link. eBooks are full text searchable and available for use on personal computers in online formats. EBSCO Publishing - GreenFILE Offers information covering all aspects of human impact to the environment. Its collection of scholarly, government and general-interest titles includes content on the environmental effects of individuals, corporations and local/national governments, and what can be done at each level to minimize these effects. Topics covered include global climate change, green building, pollution, sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, recycling, and more. EBSCO Publishing - Kids Search (K-8) Kids Search is EBSCO's interface designed for students in grades K through 8. Kids Search provides elementary school students with an easy-to-use, graphically-appealing interface they can use to search their EBSCO databases. The interface facilitates searching by topic, enabling users to easily enter keywords, or select topics or subtopics to search, from the Basic Search screen. EBSCO Publishing - MasterFILE Main Edition Provides full text for magazines, trade publications and periodicals covering general interest subject areas. Also contains an Image Collection containing photos, maps & flags. Full text for more than 1,350 general reference resources, more than 350 full text reference books and over 910,000 photos, maps and flags. EBSCO Publishing - Middle Search Main Edition This resource provides full text for popular, middle school appropriate magazines, covering a wide range of topics. All full text articles are assigned a reading level indicator (Lexiles). EBSCO Publishing - Newspaper Source Plus Provides the latest news from over 1,000 leading full text newspapers including extensive cover to cover for papers such as USA Today, The New York Times, and The Washington Post. In addition, this resource also features hundreds of television and radio transcripts including ABC, CBS, CNN, FOX, MSNBC, National Public Radio, PBS and more. EBSCO Publishing - Primary Search Main Edition Provides access to popular full-text magazines for elementary school research. Subjects include Science, Health, Math, Writing, and Geography among others. EBSCO Publishing - Teacher Reference Center (TRC) This index contains over 260 titles from the most popular teacher and administrator trade journals, periodicals and books. This database provides coverage on key education topics such as Assessment, Continuing Education, Current Pedagogical Research, Curriculum Development, Instructional Media, Language Arts, Literacy Standards, Science & Mathematics and more. ProQuest - SIRS Discoverer Includes full text articles and images from over 1,900 domestic and international newspapers, magazines and government documents, along with 9,000+ educational weblinks via the integrated Discoverer WebFind content set. Articles are assigned a reading level -Easy, Moderate or Challenging- based on age-appropriateness, educational content, interest and reading level. This database is an excellent student resource.

Bucks County Free Libraries A good researcher seeks all available resources. The Bucks County Free Libraries have many additional resources that can help you with your researching needs. You can access their web site at www.buckslib.org.

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WORKS CITED

Good research always includes a list of sources used, otherwise known as a Works Cited. The Pennsbury School District uses the Modern Language Association (MLA) format. By providing a formal Works Cited you can avoid plagiarism, add credibility to your work, and help your reader locate the sources you consulted.

While there are several web sites that will generate a Works Cited for you, please use them with caution as they do not always reflect the most current MLA version. Formatting and punctuation errors can be experienced when copying and pasting the citations.

In addition, while databases often provide the citation, you will want to verify the accuracy according the guidelines herein.

See the following pages for the Works Cited guidelines that you will need to follow when you research. See your librarian if your source is not included in this guide.

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MLA Works Cited -- 8th Edition The sources you use in your research need to be cited according to a specified format. Pennsbury has adopted the MLA (Modern Language Association) format. The following information will help you create your Works Cited and reflects the updated guidelines, as of April 2016. Each entry in a Works Cited should contain as many of the Core Elements as can be found and ordered accordingly. Below are the Core Elements followed by the appropriate punctuation. The final element always ends with a period. In-depth explanations on each element can be found on subsequent pages. Keep in mind your citation should help the reader locate your sources quickly and easily.

From the MLA Handbook, 8th ed.

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1. Author. If the author’s name is given begin the entry with the last name followed by a comma, the rest of the name as it appears in the source, and then a period. One author: Walter, Simon. Two authors: Walter, Simon, and Jonathan Jones. Three or more authors: Walter, Simon, et al. Website pseudonym: Walker431. Editor: Parsons, Neil, editor. Corporate Author: United Nations. Government Agency: United States, Department of Agriculture. 2.

Title of Source. A title is italicized if independent (ex. a book) and placed in quotation marks if the source is part of a larger work (ex. an essay in a collection) Book: Dewar, James. The Kindness of Men. An Article: Smith, Cammie. “Climate Change and You.” Global Warming,

CONTAINER 1 3. Title of Container 1, When the source is part of a larger whole, the larger whole can be thought of as a container that holds the source. The title of the container is normally italicized and followed by a comma. Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Masque of the Red Death.” The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe, 4. Other Contributors, Other people may be credited in the source as contributors. Precede each name with a description of the role. Edited by Lydia Coran, Introduction by Samuel Titon, 5. Version, If the source has a notation that it is a version of a work released in more than one form, identify the version. Use the abbreviation ed. for edition. Smith, John. The Wandering Eye. 7th ed., 6. Number, The source may be part of a numbered sequence. Write the volume number of the consulted work or volume and issue numbers for journal articles. Rampersad, Arnold. Life of Langston Hughes. 2nd ed., vol. 2, Baron, Naomi. “Redefining Watson.” PMLA, vol. 128, no. 3, 7. Publisher, The publisher is the organization primarily responsible for producing the source. You can omit the publisher for: a periodical, a web site whose title is essentially the same as the publisher, and a web site not involved in producing the work (ex. items found in places like YouTube and EBSCO). Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Masque of the Red Death.” The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe, Thomas Y. Crowell, “Stacy: Attack of the Schoolgirl Zombies: Trailer.” YouTube, uploaded by JimDanger,

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8. Publication Date, Write the date as you find it. Some sources may be associated with more than one date. If this is the case, cite the date that is most relevant to your use. Dates should be written in the day-month-year format. Deren, William. “The Death of the Artist.” The Atlantic, 28 Dec. 2014, The Purdue OWL: MLA Style. 1995-2016, 9. Location. Printed Source - Use the page numbers (preceded by a p. for one page or pp. for a range of pages). Adams, Chris. “On Monday of Last Year.” The Thing Around, Greenhaven Press, 2010, pp. 74-94. Website - Use the URL or Web address omitting http:// and https://. Holly, Stefanie. “The Reading Brain.” So Many Books, 25 Apr. 2015, www.somanybooksblog.com/2015/04/25/the-reading-brain/,

CONTAINER 2 A container can, however, be nested in a larger container. For example, an article printed in a book or periodical, may be found using EBSCO. It is best to account for all the containers that enclose your source, particularly when they are nested. Add core elements 3 - 9 (from “Title of Container” to “Location”) to the end of the entry to account for each additional container. Abrahams, Melanie. "The Real Social Media Stars." Scholastic Choices, vol. 31, no. 6, 2016, p. 10. Middle Search Plus. EBSCO, web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=8&sid=3b596546-d05e-4168-97f6-c3 69fc928e32%40sessionmgr4006&hid=4214&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d 3d#AN=112893829&db=mih.

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Books Book with One Author Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. MacMurray, 1999. Book with Two Authors Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Allyn, 2000. Book with More Than Three Authors Gilman, Sander, et al. Hysteria Beyond Freud. U of California P, 1993. Book with a Corporate Author American Allergy Association. Allergies in Children. Random, 1998. Book or Article with No Author Encyclopedia of Indiana. Somerset, 1993. Book with an Editor Peterson, Nancy J. Critical and Theoretical Approaches. Edited by Toni Morrison, Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. Multivolume Work Blanco, Richard L., editor. The American Revolution, 1775-1783: An Encyclopedia. vol. 2, Garland, 1993. Work in an Anthology (Essay in a Collection) Bender, Bert. “The Teeth of Desire: The Awakening and the Descent of Man.” Bloom’s Modern Critical Views: Kate Chopin, edited by Harold Bloom, Infobase Publishing, 2007, pp. 89-101. Entire Online Book Child, L. Maria. The Freemen’s Book. Ticknor and Fields, 1901. Google Books, google.com/books?id=OopkyEpx1U4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+freedmen%27s+b ook&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjnj-DrocbOAhXF2R4KHX1LC7IQ6AEIHjAA#v=on epage&q=the%20freedmen's%20book&f=false. Part of an Online Book “Julius Winfield Erving.” Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2nd ed., vol. 5, Gale, 2004, pp. 317-319. Biography in Context, go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=GVRL&userGroupName=pl 2497&tabID=T003&searchId=R2&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=B asicSearchForm¤tPosition=1&contentSet=GALE%7CCX3404702037&&docId=GALE|CX3404 702037&docType=GALE#.

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Periodicals Journal, Magazine or Newspaper article Trembacki, Paul. “Brees Hopes to Win Heisman for Team.” Purdue Exponent, 5 Dec. 2000, p. 20. “Cigarette Sales Fall 30% as California Tax Rises.” New York Times, 14 Sept. 1999, p. A17. Paul, Annie Murphy. “Self-Help: Shattering the Myths.” Psychology Today, Mar.-Apr. 2001, pp. 60-68. Article in a Journal, Magazine or Newspaper article - Subscription Database Jenkins, Robert N. "Pinning down the Norse 'Vinland'." St. Petersburg Times, 10 July 2005, p. 8T. Biography in Context, doi: GALE|A133934636. Hoffman, Eva. “The Super Bowl of Fiction.” New York Times Book Review, 26 Nov. 1995, p. 35. Contemporary Literary Criticism, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CRNJPEG970951063&v=2.1&u=pl2497&it=r& p=LCO&sw=w. Article from a Website Holly, Stefanie. “The Reading Brain.” So Many Books, 25 Apr. 2015, www.somanybooksblog.com/2015/04/25/the-reading-brain/.

Other Sources Web page with an Author Chan, Melissa. “J.K. Rowling is About to Release 3 New Harry Potter Books.” Time, 16 Aug. 2016. time.com/4455746/j-k-rowling-pottermore-new-harry-potter-books/?xid=homepage. Web page with no Author “Standardized Tests in College?” Newsweek, 15 Nov. 2007. www.newsweek.com/standardized-tests-college96211. Web page with no Date “Veterans History Project.” Library of Congress. www.loc.gov/vets/. Accessed 16 Aug. 2016. Whole web site Guisepi, Robert A. International World History Project. Jan. 2007, history-world.org/. Comments Posted on a Web Page Jeane. Comment on “The Reading Brain: Differences between Digital and Print.” So Many Books, 25 Apr. 2013, 10:30 p.m., somanybooksblog.com/2013/04/25/the-reading-brain-differences-between-digital-and-pri nt/#comment-83030. Video or Audio File Brieceno, Eduardo. “The Power of Belief - Mindset and Success.” TED Talks, ed.ted.com/on/aVMPCOpr.

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YouTube “Stacy: Attack of the Schoolgirl Zombies: Trailer.” YouTube, uploaded by JimDanger, 6 Jan. 2007, www.youtube.com/watch?v=HX4t8XYJgS0. Online Image (Cite from the original web page) Klee, Paul. “Twittering Machine.” 1922. Museum of Modern Art, New York. The Artchive, www.artchive.com/artchive/K/klee/twittering_machine.jpg.html. Accessed May 2006. Adams, Clifton R. “People relax beside a swimming pool at a country estate near Phoenix, Arizona, 1928.” Found, National Geographic Creative, 2 Jun. 2016, natgeofound.tumblr.com/. Email Communications Mason, Jonathan P. “Re: Social Media.” Received by Michael F. Jones, 21 June 2015. Interview You Conducted Harris, Jennifer. Interview. By Susan Lang. 25 Sept. 2016. Listserv, Discussion Group or Blog Plezercruz (Pete). “Subject: When a Board Gamer Watches the Olympics.” BoardGameGeek, 16 Aug. 2016, www.boardgamegeek.com/thread/1622880/when-board-gamer-watches-olympics. eBook Viewed on an Electronic Device MLA Handbook. 8th ed., ebook, Modern Language Association, 2016.

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General Directions when putting your Works Cited together: 1.

Begin each entry with the left margin. If the entry runs more than one line, indent additional lines within the citation ½ inch (1 tab stop).

2.

Double-space everything. Examples that following are single-spaced to conserve space. The final example Works Cited page is double-spaced.

3.

List each entry alphabetically by the author’s last name. If there is no author alphabetize by the title. Ignore A, An, and The when alphabetizing but type them when creating the citation.

4.

If there is more than one author, invert only the first author’s name, followed by a comma, the word and, and then the next author as it appears in the source.

5.

If a title begins with a numeral (ex. 18) alphabetize it as if the numeral was spelled out. When typing, type the numeral (ex. 18, not eighteen).

6.

Alphabetize two or more books by the same author, by author and then title.

7.

Write dates as follows: day month year (12 Mar. 2007). Abbreviate all months except May, June, and July.

8.

MLA recommends the inclusion of URLs however, follow the direction of your teacher. If you do need to provide the URL, omit the http://. If your source provides a permalink or a DOI (digital object identifier) use that rather than the URL.

9.

Since information online can change or be removed at any time, the date you accessed that information can be important. If there is no other date indicating when the information was published or produced, include the date of access (see #7 for proper format). Otherwise, check with your teacher to see if it should be included.

10.

See your librarian for additional help. You can also consult the following websites: Purdue OWL https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/675/02/ The MLA Style Center https://style.mla.org/works-cited-a-quick-guide/ Easy Bib www.easybib.com (remember this is not always 100% accurate) 17

Sample Works Cited page: Works Cited Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 16 Aug. 2002, www.alistapart.com/article/writeliving. Beyoncé. "Pray You Catch Me." Lemonade, Parkwood Entertainment, 2016, www.beyonce.com/album/lemonade-visual-album/. Holly, Stefanie. “The Reading Brain.” So Many Books, 25 Apr. 2015, www.somanybooksblog.com/2015/04/25/the-reading-brain/. Jacobs, Alan. The Pleasures of Reading in an Age of Distraction. Oxford UP, 2011. Kincaid, Jamaica. “In History.” Callaloo, vol. 24, no. 2, Spring 2001, pp. 620-26. Lundman, Susan. "How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow, www.ehow.com/how_10727_make-vegetarian-chili.html. Accessed 15 Sept. 2016. Plezercruz (Pete). “Subject: When a Board Gamer Watches the Olympics.” BoardGameGeek, 16 Aug. 2016, www.boardgamegeek.com/thread/1622880/when-board-gamer-watches-olympics. The Purdue OWL: MLA Style. 1995-2016. owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/11/.

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How to Type Your Works Cited in Google Docs *Before beginning to type your Works Cited review the guidelines in the Research Guide Handbook as well as the rubric you were given.

1. Open up a New Doc. 2. Click Untitled document at the top left of your screen. Type Works Cited -- your topic. Ex. Works Cited Falcons. Click Enter. 3. Change the font to Times New Roman, Size 12. 4. Click the Format tab. Select Line Spacing. Choose Double. 5. Type your name, date, and period on three separate lines at the top left of your document. Click Enter once. 6. Click the Center Align button at the top. Type the heading, Works Cited. Click Enter once. 7. Click the Left Align button. Begin typing your first citation. When the entire citation is typed, if it has gone more than one line, you must indent each additional line (NOT the first line). To do this, put your cursor in front of the SECOND line and click Enter. Then click the Tab key. If you have more lines within the same citation, do the same thing. 8. After typing your first entry (citation) put your cursor at the end of the entry and click ENTER one time. Beginning at the LEFT margin type the next entry (citation). Follow the same directions as above. Continue until all entries have been typed. 9. Refer to the General Guidelines and your Works Cited rubric to check your final document. **Remember to alphabetize your citations and double space within and between entries.

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How To Type Your Works Cited Page in MS Word 1. Click the box AaBbCcDdE, No Spacing (under styles). 2. Set your font to size 12 pt., Times New Roman style. 3. Save your document to your network number or flash drive. 4. Click the diagonal arrow in the Paragraph area of the tool bar. Change Line Spacing to Double. Click the box under the spacing area that says, “Don’t add space between paragraphs of the same style.” Click OK. 5. Type your name, date, and period on three separate lines. Click Enter one time. 6. Click on the CENTER button. Type the heading, Works Cited. Click ENTER one time. Click on the ALIGN LEFT button. 7. Begin typing your first entry. Continue typing without pressing ENTER. When you reach the end of the first line, allow the computer to automatically wrap to the second line. Type your entire entry. 8. If your entry is longer than one line, you will need to indent each line after the first one. After typing the entire entry, put your cursor at the beginning of the second line. Click ENTER once and then click TAB. This will indent ½ inch. For additional lines within the entry put your cursor at the beginning of the line and click TAB. 9. When the first entry is complete, put your cursor at the end of the entry (after the period) and click ENTER one time. You may have to click backspace once to get back to the left margin. Begin to type the next entry. Follow the same directions as above. Continue until all entries have been typed. 10. Refer to the General Guidelines and your Works Cited rubric to check your final document.

**Remember, all entries are double-spaced within and between entries. They are single-spaced here to conserve paper.

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REFLECTIONS

In Pennsbury middle schools we view research as a process that can be applied anytime you are asked to locate information, whether for educational or personal use. Though the process may be challenging, it is necessary and valuable and will become easier as you gain new skills. It is always important to reflect upon your learning. Here are some questions to get you started:  What did I find easy about this process?  What did I find difficult about this process?  What would I do differently the next time for a better result?  What did I discover about myself as a learner?

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